Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

"Carbon is important."

"Carbon is a fundamental element of organic chemistry because all known life forms on Earth are built from carbon based molecules and compounds."

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

"Carbon emission contributes to global warming."

"Carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels were the primary driver of climate change."

an uncontrolled and destructive fire that occurs in a forest or other wooded area

"The forest fire burns for three weeks."

"The forest fire was started by lightning and burned thousands of acres before being contained."

a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances; absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis

"CO2 is a greenhouse gas."

"Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere had reached their highest point in eight hundred thousand years."

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

"The Coral Triangle is a global center of marine biodiversity."

"Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life on Earth at all levels"

pinnate-leaved palms of the genus Elaeis having dense clusters of crowded flowers and bright red fruit and yielding high quality palm oils

"Palm oil comes from the fruit of the oil palm."

"The expansion of oil palm plantations caused deforestation and threatened orangutan habitats in Southeast Asia."

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

"The company revenue increased this year."

"Ad revenue is the income a content creator generates by displaying paid advertisements on their videos"

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

"Decomposition recycles nutrients."

"Bacteria cause the decomposition of dead organic matter."

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

"The vegetation here is green."

"The dense tropical vegetation along the riverbank provides a habitat for many rare species."

to use a sharp object like scissors or a knife on something to remove a section from it

"Cut out the unhealthy snacks."

"You should cut out sugary drinks from your diet if you want to lose weight."

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

"Illegal logging damages forest."

"Illegal logging in the Amazon rainforest destroys habitats and contributes significantly to global carbon emissions."

a long, narrow hole next to a road to keep it from getting too wet

"The water flows into the ditch beside the road."

"The workers dug a ditch alongside the road to drain rainwater away from the pavement."

an area of land that is covered with water or is always very wet

"A swamp has very wet land."

"The mangrove swamp is home to a wide variety of fish, birds, and other wildlife."

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

"Some bacteria can make us sick."

"Not all bacteria are harmful; in fact, many types of bacteria in our digestive system are essential for good health."

a diverse group of organisms that include mushrooms, yeasts, and molds, characterized by their ability to decompose organic matter

"Mushrooms are a type of edible fungi."

"Fungi like mushrooms and yeast played important roles in food production and fermentation."

a colorless, odorless, flammable which is the main component of natural gasgas

"Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas released by cows and rotting waste."

"Methane is the primary component of natural gas, a vital energy source for many homes."

the part of something that remains after the main part has been used or taken away

"Remainder of money saved."

"She spent most of her salary and saved the remainder for emergency situations in the future."

toward a lower place, position, or level, either physically or figuratively

"The plane flew downwards toward the runway."

"The plane flew downwards toward the runway and landed smoothly despite the strong wind blowing across the airport."

used to express regret or say that something is disappointing or sad

"Unfortunately I cannot come to the party."

"Unfortunately I cannot come to the party because I have to work late tonight at the office."

greatly desired

"Skilled workers are in demand."

"Skilled software engineers are in high demand and companies compete to hire them with generous salaries and benefits."

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

"The commodity is valuable"

"The commodity prices increased sharply due to global supply chain disruptions and demand changes"

a type of vegetable oil derived from the fruit of oil palm trees

"Palm oil is used in many processed foods."

"Palm oil was semi solid at room temperature and widely used in processed foods but environmentally controversial."

softwood used to make paper

"Pulpwood is used to make paper."

"Pulpwood harvested from pine forests was chipped and processed into paper products and cardboard."

characterized by an excessive presence of water, resulting in marshy conditions

"The field is waterlogged."

"The waterlogged field was too muddy to play soccer on so the coach canceled the practice until the ground dried out."

the process during which a building or piece of land sinks to a lower level or to the ground

"Heavy mining caused dangerous land subsidence nearby"

"The mining town experienced gradual subsidence as the ground slowly sank into the abandoned tunnels beneath it."

to be made up of various components or parts within a whole

"The team comprises eight members."

"The delegation will comprise representatives from ten different countries who will discuss trade issues and negotiate new agreements."

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

"The tropics are warm and humid year-round."

"The tropics received more direct sunlight than temperate regions resulting in consistently warm temperatures year round."

covered with water

"The basement is flooded."

"The flooded basement had several inches of water on the floor and the homeowners called a plumber to fix the broken pipe."

a large, unbroken expanse of land, like a continent or a big island, standing out from smaller land features

"Australia is considered a massive isolated landmass"

"Africa is a massive continental landmass that contains many different climates and ecosystems."

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

"The farmer owns fifty hectares of land"

"One hectare equals approximately two point four seven acres of land measurement."

to a considerable extent or degree

"The cost has increased substantially this year."

"The cost has increased substantially this year due to inflation and higher demand for raw materials."

the specific and localized atmospheric conditions within a small and distinct area, often differing from the surrounding region

"The garden has its own warm microclimate"

"The south-facing wall creates a warm microclimate that is perfect for growing tomatoes."

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

"There is a subtle difference."

"There is a subtle difference between the two shades of blue but you have to look closely to see it."

wet land that contains a thick layer of dead plants, mostly moss, which builds up over time and stores a lot of carbon

"The peatland stores large amounts of carbon."

"Peatland stored huge amounts of carbon and releasing it by burning contributed significantly to climate change."

referring to actions, methods, or tools that help reduce harm to the climate, adjust to its changes, and protect the environment

"The farm is climate-smart."

"The climate smart farming techniques help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns while reducing greenhouse gas emissions."

something, such as a device or machine, that releases or sends out something, such as light, sound, or gas

"China is a major emitter of CO2."

"China was the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases followed by the United States."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

the act of clearing away obstacles or unwanted materials to make an area open or usable

"We need clearance for the road."

"The construction crew performed a thorough clearance of the debris before starting the building project."

to let a chemical substance out into the environment or a specific area

"The factory will release smoke."

"The company was fined for failing to properly contain and release the toxic chemicals into the atmosphere."

a layer of matter that has been accumulated, particularly by a body of water

"River deposit formed the land."

"Geologists studied the thick deposit of sediment left behind by the ancient river."

involving only a part of something

"This is only a partial answer."

"The committee made only a partial recovery from the initial financial setback."

referring to substances or solutions that have a pH value lower than 7, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and often a sour taste

"The lemon is acidic."

"Vinegar has an acidic nature due to its acetic acid content."

to release or place something on a liquid surface, allowing it to move freely

"I will float the boat."

"She decided to float a small paper boat on the surface of the pond after the rain."

a section of a tree trunk that has been cut or fallen, usually stripped of branches

"The woodcutter took a log."

"He dragged a heavy log from the forest to use as firewood for the winter."

to provide enough space or time for a particular purpose or activity

"Allow for more time."

"We must allow for unexpected delays when planning such a complex international event."

a tall plant with large yellow seeds that grow together on a cob, which is cooked and eaten as a vegetable or animal food

"The farmer harvested the ripe corn from the field."

"The field corn was harvested for animal feed while sweet corn was sold at the farmers market for human consumption."

(in mathematics, chemistry, or grammar) to break into smaller parts or components, especially for a detailed analysis or examination

"Let's break down the problem."

"We need to break down the complex data into smaller, more manageable components for analysis."

to make something change and become something else

"It will turn into ice."

"The caterpillar will eventually transform and turn into a beautiful butterfly."

at the same time but often somewhere else

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner."

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner while you set the table and pour the drinks for everyone."

firm and stable in form, not like a gas or liquid

"The wall is solid."

"The solid oak table has been in our family for generations and still looks as good as new."

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

"Water is a liquid matter."

"Scientists are trying to understand the fundamental nature of matter and its constituent particles."

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

"The lettuce is organic."

"The organic vegetables are grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers and many people believe they are healthier and taste better."

to a degree that is higher than usual

"I particularly enjoy Italian food."

"I particularly enjoy Italian food especially pasta dishes like spaghetti and lasagna with rich tomato sauce."

to aim or direct something, such as an action or effort, towards a specific goal or objective

"Target the red dot."

"The marketing team will target specific demographics for their new product launch campaign."

to empty or remove liquid from a container or area

"Please drain the water."

"After boiling the pasta, be sure to drain all the excess water before adding the sauce."

the act of preparing and using land to grow crops, especially on a large scale

"The farmer's cultivation was good."

"The extensive cultivation of rice in the region has made it a major global exporter of the grain."

to go down or settle, either by sinking or gently lowering, as in buildings, on the ground, or in water

"The water will subside."

"After the heavy rains, the floodwaters began to subside, revealing the damaged landscape."

before a specific period of time passes

"Finish within an hour."

"Please ensure you complete the entire assignment within the allocated two-hour timeframe for submission."

an area of scenery visible in a single view

"The landscape looked beautiful in spring."

"We admired the landscape from the top of the hill."

a horrible event that causes much suffering and damage

"The flood was a huge catastrophe."

"A catastrophe is a sudden and widespread disaster that causes immense suffering"

the process or act of making a person or thing ready for use, an event, act, situation, etc.

"The preparation for the exam takes months."

"Preparation for the exam took three months and included reviewing textbooks and taking practice tests."

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

"This is a large province."

"The remote province experienced significant economic development after the new infrastructure was completed."

an area that becomes darker and cooler because sunlight is blocked by an object

"The tree gives shade."

"We sat in the shade to escape the midday heat."

to put a plan or idea into action using tangible and specific steps to ensure its successful realization

"The school will implement new safety rules."

"The school will implement new safety measures to protect students and staff during emergency situations."

to record information in a detailed manner

"Document this event."

"It is crucial to document all the steps taken during the experiment for accurate reporting."

causing a chemical or biological effect on something

"This is an active virus."

"The doctor explained that the medication works by inhibiting the active compounds responsible for the disease's progression."

final amount after the deduction of all costs

"The weight is net."

"The net profit of the company increased by fifteen percent last year and the shareholders were very pleased with the results."