Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

relating to actions or treatments that save lives in emergency or critical situations

"The surgery was lifesaving."

"The surgery was lifesaving and without it he would have died within a few hours."

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

"Your fingerprint is unique."

"The unique design of the building made it stand out from the others and tourists came from far away to see it."

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

"The panda is a critically endangered species."

"This particular species of orchid is extremely rare and can only be found in a small region of the Amazon rainforest."

a sudden surge or burst of activity

"The morning rush makes the subway very crowded."

"The morning rush on public transportation made the subway trains unbearably crowded every weekday."

a scientist who specializes in the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

"The microbiologist studies bacteria under a microscope."

"The microbiologist studied how bacteria developed resistance to antibiotics over time."

the occurrence of something coming to a complete stop or conclusion

"The train comes to a sudden halt."

"The project came to a halt when funding was withdrawn unexpectedly by the government."

the positive and negative elements, arguments, outcomes, etc. of something

"Let's list the pros and cons of moving."

"Before making a decision you should carefully consider the pros and cons of each option."

the capacity to be maintained for a long time and causing no harm to the environment

"Sustainability helps the planet."

"The company is committed to achieving long-term sustainability by reducing its carbon footprint and waste."

a scientist specializing in the study of oceans, focusing on their physical properties, marine life, ecosystems, and interactions with the atmosphere and land

"She is an oceanographer."

"The oceanographer spent months at sea collecting samples to study the effects of climate change on marine life."

an invertebrate with a wormlike body that is considered a marine creature and lives on seabed, with tentacles around the mouth

"The sea cucumber moved slowly."

"The strange sea cucumber glided along the ocean floor, searching for food."

of or taking place in the deeper parts of the sea

"They do deep-sea fishing."

"The deep sea explorers used a submersible vehicle to reach the ocean floor where no human had ever been before."

the process of extracting valuable minerals or other materials from the earth

"Coal mining is dangerous work."

"The mining town was abandoned after the ore veins ran out and the jobs disappeared."

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

"Some bacteria can make us sick."

"Not all bacteria are harmful; in fact, many types of bacteria in our digestive system are essential for good health."

the bottom of a sea or ocean

"The submarine explores the ocean floor."

"The submarine explored the ocean floor at a depth of three thousand meters below the surface."

a type or variety of bacteria or virus that has developed a resistance to multiple types of antibiotics or other treatments, making it difficult to control or eliminate

"The hospital is fighting a superbug that resists antibiotics."

"The superbug was resistant to most available antibiotics making infections difficult to treat."

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

"The forest is their habitat."

"The rainforest provides a natural habitat for thousands of unique species that cannot survive anywhere else."

prone to danger or harm

"Your health is at risk if you smoke."

"Children who are not vaccinated are at risk of contracting serious and preventable diseases."

a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease

"Harmful microbe causes disease."

"Some harmful microbe can cause serious diseases if they enter the human body without control."

capable of causing disease

"The bacteria is pathogenic."

"The pathogenic bacteria caused a serious infection in the patient and the doctors prescribed strong antibiotics to fight it."

not easily affected by external influences or forces

"This fabric is resistant."

"The resistant material can withstand extreme temperatures and it will not melt even in a very hot fire."

before the present moment or a specific time

"I previously worked at a bank."

"I previously worked at a bank for five years before I decided to change careers and become a teacher."

controlled or made to work by a particular method or system

"The system is operated well."

"The operated machine was working smoothly after the technician repaired the broken part and tested all the safety features."

not recorded or officially recognized

"The worker is undocumented."

"The undocumented worker was afraid to report the accident because he did not want to be deported to his home country."

the act of searching for valuable things like minerals, oil, or opportunities

"The company is prospecting for gold in the mountains."

"The mining company spent years prospecting for gold in the remote mountainous region."

having an effect on living organisms, tissues, or cells

"The compound is bioactive."

"The bioactive compounds in the plant have been shown to reduce inflammation and researchers are studying their potential medical uses."

a substance that treats injuries or illnesses

"Doctor gave strong medicine for headache."

"He forgot to take his medicine for three days which caused his symptoms to return worse than before reminding him why consistent treatment was necessary."

to regard or consider something in a particular way

"I view it differently."

"Many people view this historical period as a turning point in technological advancement."

to waste or fail to have good use of time or an opportunity

"Do not lose time."

"You shouldn't lose this precious opportunity to advance your career."

to utilize or take full advantage of something, often resources, opportunities, or skills

"The company exploited cheap labor ruthlessly."

"The large corporation was accused of trying to exploit cheap labor in developing countries by paying very low wages for long hours of work."

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

"Quartz is a mineral."

"A balanced diet should include essential vitamins and mineral nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own."

a craving for something

"I feel hunger."

"After the long hike, a deep hunger for food consumed them."

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

"The animal is marine."

"The marine ecosystem is threatened by plastic pollution and many sea animals mistake trash for food."

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

"The doctor prescribed a new drug."

"The new drug has shown promising results in clinical trials and may soon be approved for public use."

to strongly recommend something

"I urge you to go."

"Scientists strongly urge the public to take preventative measures against the spread of the virus."

to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of a situation before deciding

"Weigh up the options."

"Before making a final decision, it is important to carefully weigh up all the potential risks and benefits."

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

"I argue my point."

"He will argue that the new policy is essential for economic growth and stability."

from a different location using digital communication or technology

"I cannot remotely access the file."

"I cannot remotely access the file because the server is down and the IT department is working on fixing the problem."

to notice or see someone or something that is hard to do so

"She spots her friend in the crowd."

"The eagle spotted a small rabbit in the grass below and immediately dove down to catch its prey."

the part of the body of an animal, a bird or a fish that sticks out at the back, which can move

"The dog wagged its tail happily."

"The dog wagged its tail excitedly when its owner returned home from work after a long day."

to move smoothly and gracefully with sweeping or gliding motions

"The boat will sail."

"The graceful dancer seemed to sail across the stage with effortless elegance."

a marine invertebrate with a body full of holes through which water can circulate and nutrients can be absorbed

"The sponge absorbed water."

"The absorbent sponge was used to clean the dirty kitchen counter effectively yesterday morning."

a tiny living organism that can cause disease

"There is a bug."

"Health officials warned about a new bug that was causing widespread illness throughout the community."

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

"The laboratory has many tools."

"The chemistry students wore safety goggles and white lab coats while working in the laboratory on their assigned experiment."

an important discovery or development that helps improve a situation or answer a problem

"The breakthrough changed science"

"The scientific breakthrough changed science by introducing a completely new approach to disease treatment"

a medicine that kills or stops the growth of bacteria

"The doctor prescribed an antibiotic for the nasty throat infection."

"A broad-spectrum antibiotic works against many different types of bacteria"

at or to a more advanced point or stage

"Let's discuss further."

"We need to investigate this matter further to understand all the contributing factors involved in the incident."

to show or say that something is the case, particularly by providing proof

"Please confirm your reservation online."

"Please confirm your attendance at the conference by replying to this email before the deadline next Friday."

(geology) a long, narrow depression or hollow, often occurring naturally, such as in the landscape or ocean floor

"The pigs eat from a long trough."

"The glacier carved a deep trough into the mountainside over thousands of years."

a single word or group of words used to name or define something

"What is the term?"

"The scientific term for the fear of spiders is arachnophobia."