Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

regarding or affecting the entire world

"This is a global problem."

"The global pandemic affected every country in the world and changed the way people live and work."

the quality or state of being significant or having a strong influence on something

"The importance of clean water cannot be overstated."

"The importance of regular hand washing was emphasized during the flu season to prevent spread."

an area of land characterized by its soil, water, and vegetation, where the water table is at or near the surface for a significant part of the year

"The wetland is a vital habitat for migrating birds."

"A constructed wetland is an artificial area designed to filter polluted water naturally."

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

"Plants need good soil to grow."

"The farmer tested the pH level of the soil to determine which crops would grow best in that particular field."

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

"The forest is an ecosystem."

"A healthy ecosystem depends on the balance between living organisms and their environment."

unlike anything else and distinguished by individuality

"Your fingerprint is unique."

"The unique design of the building made it stand out from the others and tourists came from far away to see it."

the process of removing excess water or other liquids from an area or system, typically through a network of pipes, channels, or natural slopes

"The drainage system prevents flooding."

"The soil around the house has poor drainage so water often pools in the garden after heavy rainfall."

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

"The extraction of oil damages the environment."

"The extraction of crude oil from the seabed required massive drilling platforms and specialized equipment."

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

"Peat is used to improve soil moisture retention."

"Adding peat to the garden soil improves drainage and provides essential nutrients for healthier plant growth."

to physically harm something

"The flood damages buildings."

"The storm damaged several cars and houses in the coastal town where we used to live."

related to the practice or science of farming

"The land is agricultural."

"The agricultural fair featured cows pigs sheep and giant pumpkins grown by local farmers in the area."

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

"Farmers use pesticide to protect their crops from insects and other pests."

"A pesticide is a chemical substance designed to kill or control pests that damage crops"

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

"The farmer spreads fertiliser on the fields."

"The farmer applied nitrogen fertiliser to the cornfield to increase crop yields significantly."

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

"The city is industrial."

"The industrial city is known for its steel mills and factories that produce heavy machinery and equipment."

any substance that is harmful to the environment

"This pollutant harms the environment."

"The pollutant spread fast through the river system after the industrial accident"

large in quantity, extent, or degree

"The damage is considerable."

"The project required a considerable amount of time and money but the results were worth the investment."

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

"The site is archeological."

"The archeological dig uncovered ancient pottery and tools that provided new insights into the lives of early settlers."

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

"Fishing is his main livelihood."

"Fishermen lost their livelihood when the river became too polluted for fish to survive."

the state of being healthy, safe, and feeling content

"The spa promotes health and well-being."

"Her mental well being improved after she started practicing meditation and mindfulness daily."

a geologist skilled in hydrology

"The hydrologist studies the flow of groundwater."

"The hydrologist studied groundwater movement and advised farmers on sustainable irrigation practices."

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

"The research institute receives government funding."

"The research institute employed over five hundred scientists studying climate change and renewable energy."

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

"The developing country invests in infrastructure."

"The developing country received aid from international organizations to build schools and hospitals."

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

"The child is dependent on his parents."

"The small island nation is heavily dependent on tourism for its economy and a drop in visitors would be disastrous."

extremely important or essential

"This step is crucial."

"The crucial piece of evidence was found by a detective who noticed a small detail that everyone else had missed."

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

"We must mitigate the environmental damage."

"The company took immediate steps to mitigate the damage caused by the data breach by notifying affected customers and offering free credit monitoring."

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

"The town is coastal."

"The coastal town relies on fishing and tourism for its economy because the ocean provides jobs and attracts visitors from all over."

very high in intensity or degree

"The weather is extreme."

"The extreme weather conditions forced the organizers to cancel the outdoor concert for the safety of the performers and the audience."

the fact or presence of water covering a part of land that is typically dry

"Flooding covered the land."

"The river overflowed its banks, causing extensive flooding in the adjacent farmlands and nearby residential areas."

(of things) being in a specific place or thing

"The item is present."

"The missing document was finally found present in the archive, exactly where it was supposed to be."

having or made of several parts

"The problem is complex."

"The complex problem required a creative solution and the team worked together to develop an innovative approach."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

a financial entity that pools investors' money and invests it in securities

"He manages a fund."

"The investment fund aims to provide steady returns for its shareholders over the long term."

to no longer exist or be used

"The coins disappear."

"As technology advances, older communication methods tend to disappear from common use."

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

"Convert the currency before traveling."

"The company plans to convert the old warehouse into modern loft apartments for young professionals seeking affordable housing in the city."

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

"It is a commercial."

"The commercial building downtown is for sale at a reasonable price."

an organized and carefully planned course of action

"It is a clever scheme."

"The intricate scheme was designed to outwit their competitors and secure market dominance."

a solid, naturally occurring substance with a specific chemical composition, typically found in the earth's crust, such as gold, copper, etc.

"Quartz is a mineral."

"A balanced diet should include essential vitamins and mineral nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own."

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

"Some food will remain."

"After the initial chaos subsided, a sense of calm began to remain in the town."

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

"The construction takes many months."

"The construction of the new highway caused significant traffic delays for commuters throughout the entire summer."

to come together in a place, typically for a specific purpose or activity

"People gather here."

"Friends and family will gather at the park for a picnic on Saturday afternoon."

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

"The land is fertile."

"This fertile valley is known for producing the finest grapes in the region."

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

"The wind will play."

"The changing economic conditions will undoubtedly play a significant role in the company's future decisions."

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

"This is a development."

"The rapid development of renewable energy technologies is crucial for combating climate change."

used to indicate a logical result or effect

"He did not study consequently he failed."

"He did not study consequently he failed the exam and had to repeat the entire course during the summer."

related to the study or depiction of events, people, or objects from the past

"A historical event."

"The museum showcased a fascinating collection of historical artifacts from ancient civilizations."

a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole)

"A million stars appeared."

"The lottery jackpot reached a million dollars, a truly staggering sum for anyone to win."

having the highest importance or influence

"This is the principal issue."

"The principal issue we need to address is the lack of funding for essential community programs."

the business of using the land to grow and take care of crops and livestock

"This is agriculture."

"Modern agriculture employs advanced technology to increase crop yields and improve sustainability."

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

"It will serve well."

"This comprehensive report will serve as an excellent resource for future research endeavors."

the means whereby some act is accomplished

"This is a tool."

"The new software proved to be an invaluable tool for streamlining our workflow."

a person in a leadership or authority position within a specific organization or group

"She is the head of the team."

"The head of the department will announce the new policies tomorrow morning."

the process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment

"The cactus has good adaptation."

"The remarkable adaptation of desert flora allows them to thrive in arid environments."

to focus or direct something towards a specific target

"Point the gun."

"The speaker will point out the key areas that require immediate attention from the committee."

a structure offering protection and privacy from danger

"Find shelter from rain."

"The makeshift shelter provided essential protection from the harsh elements for the stranded travelers during the blizzard."

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

"The agency helped."

"The agency arranged the trip and answered all the questions."

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

"We will restore the house."

"The city council voted to restore the historic theatre to its former glory after decades of neglect."

to experience a reduction or decrease in the quantity or amount of something

"Do not lose hope."

"The company is expected to lose a significant amount of revenue due to the ongoing economic downturn."

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

"Gardeners plant flowers in the garden."

"The farmer woke up early every morning to plant hundreds of vegetable seeds in the rich soil of his large field."

something that acts like a shield or barrier to protect from harm, damage, or stress

"The pillow was a buffer."

"The thick forest served as a natural buffer against the harsh winds blowing from the sea."