Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

a standard or expectation that guides behavior within a group or society

"This behavior is outside the social norm."

"Working from home became the norm for many office employees during the pandemic lockdowns."

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

"It is a local custom."

"The annual harvest festival is a deeply ingrained custom that brings the entire community together each year."

the state of being willing and prepared to act promptly

"The troops are in a state of readiness."

"The military maintained a state of high readiness with troops prepared to deploy within twenty four hours."

knowledge or understanding of a specific situation, fact, or issue

"The campaign raised awareness about climate change."

"The charity campaign raised awareness about hunger by organizing food drives in local neighborhoods."

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

"Install new software now."

"The company decided to update all its software to improve productivity and security across every department."

seeming to exist or appear everywhere

"Coffee shops are ubiquitous."

"Coffee shops are ubiquitous in this city and you can find one on almost every corner."

the everyday experiences and activities of a person who is married and has children

"Her demanding job interferes with family life."

"His demanding job required so much travel that it interfered with his family life."

deserving of attention due to importance, excellence, or notable qualities

"Her achievement is noteworthy."

"The noteworthy achievement of the young scientist earned her an award and recognition from the international research community."

a difficulty emerging from the fact that people cannot communicate because they do not have a common language

"Language barrier makes communication difficult."

"The language barrier made it difficult for the tourists to order food at the local restaurant."

taking place at precisely the same time

"Two simultaneous explosions happened."

"The simultaneous release of both products surprised competitors, who expected them to launch separately."

someone who works in the government or a law-making organization

"The politician gave a long speech."

"The politician promised to lower taxes during her campaign but after being elected she claimed the economic situation made that promise impossible to keep."

to make someone do something because it is required by law, duty, etc.

"Law will oblige them."

"The new legislation will oblige all businesses to provide accessible facilities for people with disabilities."

something that is said that shows one's opinion of something

"His remark was insightful."

"He made a short remark during the meeting."

in a way that is related to society, its structure, or classification

"He is socially awkward sometimes."

"He is socially awkward sometimes and does not know how to start a conversation with people he has just met."

having an understanding or perception of something, often through careful thought or sensitivity

"I am aware of the danger."

"She was aware of the risks involved in starting a new business but she decided to take the chance anyway."

involving a society's customs, traditions, beliefs, and other related matters

"This is a cultural event."

"The cultural festival celebrated the traditions of many different countries with food music and dancing."

an established way of thinking or doing something among a specific group of people

"This tradition is old."

"The family's long-standing tradition of gathering for a special meal on New Year's Eve is cherished by everyone."

reflecting deep sincerity or a lack of humor

"His face was solemn."

"The solemn ceremony honored the soldiers who had died in the war and everyone stood in silence as the names were read."

a set of conventional rules or formal manners, usually in the form of ethical code

"Good etiquette is important at dinner parties."

"Proper business etiquette requires you to arrive on time and dress appropriately for meetings."

to get goods or services from an external supplier or assign specific tasks to an outside entity rather than handling them internally

"The company outsources customer service."

"The technology company decided to outsource its customer service operations to a specialized firm in another country to reduce costs."

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

"We preserve food by canning it."

"We need to preserve the old building because it is an important part of our city's history and culture."

something that you regularly do almost without thinking about it, particularly one that is hard to give up or stop doing

"Reading before bed is a good habit."

"He has a bad habit of biting his nails when he feels nervous or anxious about something."

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

"People associate dark clouds with rain."

"Most people associate the color red with love and passion but it can also symbolize danger and anger."

the mutual relationship between people, groups, etc.

"We have terms."

"The two rival nations finally agreed to establish diplomatic terms to foster peace and mutual understanding."

to reach full potential through careful consideration, planning, or time

"They will mature."

"With careful planning and dedicated effort, the ambitious project will mature into a successful enterprise."

without any interruptions, mistakes, or visible imperfections

"The transition was seamless."

"The seamless transition between scenes made the movie feel smooth and well edited."

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

"They conduct the meeting."

"The orchestra conductor will conduct the symphony with precision and passion."

to have or express uncertainty about something

"The lawyer will question the witness."

"The reporter began to question the politician's motives after discovering inconsistencies in his previous statements."

possibility refers to the state or condition of being able to happen or exist, or a potential likelihood of something happening or being true

"There is a possibility of rain."

"The possibility of a successful negotiation hinges on both parties compromising on their demands."

to begin to exist or become noticeable

"Problems arise when people are careless."

"Problems may arise during the project, but the team is prepared to handle any unexpected challenges."

a group of people belonging to a particular age group or time period partaking in a certain activity

"Each generation changes."

"Each generation faces different challenges shaped by the economic technological and social conditions that exist during their formative years of development."

the act of moving to another place or country

"Migration happens every single year."

"The annual migration of birds is a spectacular natural phenomenon to observe."

available to or involving all parties

"We have a shared interest."

"The shared interests of the two friends brought them closer together and they spent many hours discussing their favorite books."

used to introduce a statement that makes the previous one less strong and somewhat surprising

"He is kind though sometimes he is rude."

"He is very kind though sometimes he can be a little bit rude when he is tired."

used to express a preference or choice between two alternatives

"I would walk rather than drive."

"I would prefer to stay home rather than go out in this bad weather."

each of the parts into which a place or object is divided

"Read this section carefully."

"This section of the report explains the main findings in detail."

to think about a problem or an issue and start to deal with it

"We must address this."

"The government needs to address the housing crisis by building more affordable homes for young families."

a feeling of fear or worry that something bad might happen in the future

"Apprehension filled the room before the test."

"She felt great apprehension before the important job interview yesterday morning."

to collect an increasing amount of something over time

"Dust can accumulate on surfaces."

"Dust can accumulate quickly on electronic devices so you should clean them regularly to prevent overheating problems."

a network of remote servers used to store, manage, and process data over the internet instead of on a local computer

"Use the cloud."

"Many businesses now store their sensitive data on the cloud for enhanced security and accessibility."

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

"The website is temporarily down due to a server error."

"A proxy server acts as a crucial intermediary between a user's device and the internet"

to refer to someone by a specific name or title when speaking to them.

"Address him, please."

"It is customary to address the esteemed professor as 'Doctor' when speaking to them in an academic setting."

to require or need something for a particular action or item

"I demand water."

"The current economic climate will demand significant innovation and adaptation from businesses to survive."

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

"What is your current employment status?"

"Social status is very important in some traditional societies."

to lessen or mitigate the intensity or burden of a situation

"It will relieve pain."

"Taking a short break can effectively relieve stress and improve your overall productivity throughout the day."