Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

radio waves used as a medium for broadcasting television and radio programs

"Airwaves transmit radio signals."

"Airwaves are the radio frequencies used to broadcast television and radio signals."

with regard to using language effectively and persuasively, often with the intention of influencing or impressing an audience

"He asked rhetorically."

"The politician asked rhetorically whether the people wanted more taxes and the crowd shouted no in response."

used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation that contrasts with reality, implying that regardless of whether a certain condition is fulfilled or not, the outcome or action mentioned will still occur

"Even if you beg I will not help."

"Even if it rains we will still go to the beach because we have umbrellas."

intended or designed to improve or correct a bad or undesirable situation

"He needs corrective surgery."

"He needs corrective surgery to fix the problem with his spine and relieve his pain."

to make someone more aware or responsive to a particular issue, feeling, or situation

"The cream sensitizes skin to sunlight."

"The training program is designed to sensitize employees to the needs and concerns of their disabled colleagues."

in a way that can be clearly shown or proven

"The results were demonstrably better."

"The results were demonstrably better than the previous year and the company celebrated its most successful quarter in history."

with intense emotion, strong enthusiasm, or deep devotion

"She spoke passionately about her beliefs."

"She spoke passionately about her beliefs and many people in the audience were moved to tears."

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

"She is undoubtedly the best player."

"She is undoubtedly the best player on the team and everyone agrees with that opinion."

the act of keeping something in good condition or proper working condition

"The building requires regular maintenance."

"Regular maintenance of the vehicle prevented breakdowns and extended its operational life significantly."

the state or quality of being important, well-known, or noticeable

"Gaining prominence quickly."

"Her talent and hard work led to her gaining prominence in the competitive acting industry."

in a manner indicating a lack of quantity or quality

"The explanation was insufficiently clear."

"The bridge was insufficiently reinforced, leading to its collapse during the storm."

an agreement reached by all members of a group

"The team reached a consensus on the new project plan."

"A consensus is a general agreement reached by a group after considering all opinions"

the quality of being capable of making mistakes or being wrong

"The experiment demonstrates the fallibility of human memory."

"The fallibility of human memory meant eyewitness testimony was not always reliable in court."

(of things) having had a certain state or condition in the past

"It was a one-time event."

"This was a one-time opportunity to invest in the groundbreaking new technology."

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

"The house is relatively cheap."

"The house is relatively cheap compared to others in the same neighborhood because it needs some repairs and renovations."

to make something easier or less complex to understand, do, etc.

"Simplify the instructions for children."

"The new software update is designed to simplify the user experience by removing unnecessary features and menus."

relating to or involving scientific experiments, especially those designed to test hypotheses or explore new ideas

"The drug is experimental."

"The experimental drug showed promising results in clinical trials and the researchers hope to make it available to patients soon."

a lack of belief or confidence in the truth or honesty of something or someone

"There is deep distrust between the two groups."

"The company's history of misleading customers created a deep distrust among potential buyers."

done or happening regularly

"He is a frequent visitor."

"The frequent flyer accumulated enough miles to fly around the world for free twice with points left over."

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

"You can achieve anything with hard work."

"With hard work and determination anyone can achieve their dreams regardless of their background or circumstances."

to describe something better, larger, worse, etc. than it truly is

"Do not exaggerate the problem."

"My younger brother tends to exaggerate everything that happens to him so I never know if his stories are actually true or not."

the ability to access, understand, and critically evaluate media content, recognizing its influence and potential bias

"Media literacy helps people identify fake news."

"Media literacy education taught students to identify bias and verify sources before sharing news."

to cause a change in a person, thing, etc.

"Rain will affect picnic."

"The new government policy is expected to affect millions of low income families who rely on public assistance programs for food and housing support."

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

"It was a campaign."

"The political campaign aimed to raise awareness about environmental protection issues."

persuasive in a way that captures attention or convinces effectively

"The evidence is compelling."

"The evidence is compelling and leaves no doubt that he committed the crime."

to complete a task or project successfully

"She wants to accomplish her goals."

"She managed to accomplish all of her goals for the year despite facing many obstacles along the way."

the limits within which something can be effective or applied

"The goal is out of reach."

"The scientist's groundbreaking discovery was beyond the reach of conventional understanding at the time."

to present information or ideas in a particular way to shape perception or understanding

"They frame the issue."

"The politician skillfully managed to frame the debate in a way that favored his own agenda."

to foster mental, moral, or aesthetic development

"We educate children."

"The primary goal of a good education system is to fully educate its citizens for a better future."

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

"It suggest a problem."

"The subtle changes in the patient's behavior suggest a deeper, underlying medical condition that needs investigation."

the quality of being useful when applied

"This tool has utility."

"The real utility of this new software lies in its ability to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks."

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

"The scholar published many books on ancient history."

"The respected scholar spent years researching ancient manuscripts to write his definitive book on Roman history."

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

"A strange phenomenon occurred."

"The aurora borealis is a beautiful natural phenomenon visible in polar regions."

to recognize and mentally separate two things, people, etc.

"It is hard to distinguish identical twins."

"It can be very difficult for young children to distinguish between right and wrong without proper guidance from their parents or teachers."

to build something upon a certain foundation or principle, or to use it as a starting point for further growth or development

"Base your argument on solid facts."

"The scientist based his conclusions on data collected from more than ten thousand patients over five years."

to examine something or someone very carefully and thoroughly

"Scan the document into your computer."

"The security guard asked me to scan my bag before entering the building to make sure I was not carrying any dangerous items."

toward making progress or advancing in a particular area or goal

"Let's move forward now."

"The team is committed to moving forward with the project despite the unexpected challenges they encountered."

requiring a lot of mental effort and hard work

"The journey was arduous."

"The arduous journey across the mountains took three weeks and the travelers were exhausted when they finally reached the valley."

relating to or based on theory or logical reasoning rather than practical experience or application

"The idea is theoretical."

"The theoretical model predicts that the economy will grow by three percent but actual results may differ depending on many factors."

the act of carefully thinking about something over a period of time

"The proposal is under consideration."

"After careful consideration the committee decided to postpone the vote until next month."

acknowledgment or approval given to someone or something for their achievements, qualities, or actions

"She received international recognition."

"She received international recognition for her important discovery in cancer research last year."

used to refer to someone who shares similarities with one such as job, interest, etc. or is in the same situation

"He is my fellow student."

"The fellow students helped each other study for the exam and they formed a group that met every evening in the library."

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

"He claims he is innocent."

"The politician made a bold claim about economic growth without providing any supporting evidence."

to begin to exist or become noticeable

"Problems arise when people are careless."

"Problems may arise during the project, but the team is prepared to handle any unexpected challenges."

functioning as a unified unit, with various parts or elements working together harmoniously

"The team is coordinated."

"The coordinated efforts of the emergency services ensured a swift and effective response to the crisis."

referring to a single item or entity

"She has singular talent."

"The artist's singular vision allowed her to create truly unique and groundbreaking works of art."

something imagined to solve all problems

"It is no panacea."

"While the new policy offers some improvements, it's certainly not a panacea for all the country's economic woes."

in a manner that refers to the essential aspects of something

"It is fundamentally wrong."

"The two theories are fundamentally different, despite sharing a common historical origin."

to cause something to change

"Do not alter the original document."

"The new medication may alter your sleep patterns so take it in the morning rather than at night."

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

"He outlines the main points clearly."

"The professor asked the students to outline their essays before writing the full draft to organize their ideas clearly."

to officially start a legal process against someone, often with a document

"They issue a lawsuit."

"The government decided to issue a formal complaint against the corporation for violating environmental regulations."

an organized group of people who work together for a specific purpose, especially in a formal or official role

"The body meets soon."

"The investigative body released a comprehensive report detailing its findings on the environmental disaster."

in an exact way, often emphasizing correctness or clarity

"Measure the ingredients precisely."

"Measure the ingredients precisely if you want the cake to turn out perfectly and not be too dry or too wet."

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

"The colors are distinct."

"The distinct smell of coffee filled the room and everyone felt more awake."

remaining unchanged and stable in degree, amount, or condition

"The temperature is constant."

"Despite the challenges, his constant dedication to the project never wavered, ensuring its eventual success."

a disagreement or argument over something important

"The conflict grew."

"The ongoing conflict between the neighbors escalated over property boundaries."

a mental process or activity that involves performing tasks such as thinking, analyzing, or problem-solving

"This is a mental operation."

"Complex mathematical problem-solving requires a sophisticated mental operation involving abstract reasoning and logical deduction."

causing doubt or suspicion

"This is dubious."

"The politician's dubious claims about his achievements raised serious questions among the electorate."

to suggest that something is probable or certain

"I point it is true."

"All the evidence gathered seems to point towards a conspiracy among the key stakeholders involved."

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

"Many citizens oppose the new law."

"Many citizens oppose the construction of a new shopping mall because it would destroy the local park."

a process of change or development that happens over time

"It was a long journey."

"Her personal journey from shyness to confidence was an inspiring testament to her inner strength and determination."

to take part in or become involved with something actively

"Let's engage in the game."

"She decided to engage actively in the community project to make a positive impact."

a doubting or questioning attitude towards ideas, beliefs, or claims that are generally accepted

"He shows skepticism always."

"A healthy dose of skepticism is essential when evaluating unverified claims and conspiracy theories."