Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

someone who makes efforts to protect the environment and wildlife from any type of harm

"A conservationist works to protect the natural world."

"The conservationist worked tirelessly to protect the endangered species from extinction by advocating for laws that would ban hunting in the region and preserve the animal's natural habitat."

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

"The panda is a critically endangered species."

"This particular species of orchid is extremely rare and can only be found in a small region of the Amazon rainforest."

unable to be predicted because of changing many times

"Weather is unpredictable."

"The stock market's unpredictable fluctuations made it difficult for investors to plan their financial futures."

a secondary or incidental effect

"The strike had a knock-on effect."

"The closure of the factory had a significant knock-on effect on local businesses and employment."

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

"The forest is an ecosystem."

"A healthy ecosystem depends on the balance between living organisms and their environment."

a long and small wormlike larva of a moth or butterfly that has many limbs

"The caterpillar ate a leaf before forming its chrysalis."

"The caterpillar ate constantly for two weeks before forming a chrysalis and beginning its metamorphosis into a butterfly."

the amount of something or the whole number of things in a group

"A large quantity of books."

"We need to determine the exact quantity of supplies required for the upcoming expedition into the wilderness."

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

"He helped me and I in turn helped him."

"He helped me and I in turn helped him so we both benefited from our cooperation and teamwork."

to perform the role or function of something

"He will act as leader."

"The experienced lawyer agreed to act as a mentor for the new interns."

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

"A dog is a mammal."

"A whale is a marine mammal, not a fish, because it breathes air and feeds milk to its young."

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

"There has been a decline in sales this month."

"The country experienced economic decline after the global financial crisis hit hard last year badly."

to make sure that something will happen

"Seat belts ensure passenger safety always."

"Please check the door twice to ensure that it is locked before you leave the house for your vacation."

the study of natural cycles and seasonal events in plants and animals, focusing on how these patterns are connected to weather and climate changes

"Phenology studies plant cycles."

"Scientists are using phenology to track how climate change is affecting the timing of bird migrations."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

"The population is large."

"Conservation efforts aim to protect the entire population of this endangered species."

to reduce in amount, size, intensity, etc.

"His health began to decline rapidly."

"His health began to decline rapidly after he stopped taking his prescribed medication regularly."

a tendency or pattern showing how things are changing or developing over time

"Fashion has a trend."

"The upward trend in online shopping indicates a significant shift in consumer behavior."

a segment or phase of a journey or process

"This is the next stage."

"The project has successfully completed the initial planning stage and is moving into development."

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

"Study life cycle."

"We study the life cycle of butterflies in biology class every year with great interest."

to eat or drink something

"Consume less sugar for better health."

"It is important to consume enough water every day to keep your body hydrated and your organs functioning properly at all times."

very great in amount or number

"The desert is vast."

"The vast desert stretched as far as the eye could see and the travelers carried plenty of water for the long journey."

an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal

"The tiger silently stalked its unsuspecting prey."

"The eagle spotted its prey moving in the tall grass and prepared to dive down to catch it."

to get ready for a challenge or to prepare to fight

"Arm for the fight."

"The soldiers were armed and ready to defend their position."

having experienced a reduction in value or performance

"The company is down."

"After the scandal, the company's stock price was significantly down for several months."

to stop or bring an activity, process, or operation to an end

"The officer halted the suspicious vehicle."

"The security guard shouted at the intruder to halt immediately but the man ignored the command and continued running toward the emergency exit door."

to change something such as a process, situation, etc. to be the opposite of what it was before

"Can you reverse the car into the garage?"

"The driver had to reverse the car out of the narrow driveway because there was no space to turn around."

(of a place or space) located outside in a natural or open-air setting, without a roof or walls

"We love outdoor activities."

"The outdoor concert was canceled because of the heavy rain and strong winds that arrived suddenly."

existing within a particular condition or situation

"He is under pressure."

"The negotiations were conducted under extreme duress, with both parties facing significant external pressures."

having the highest level of significance or central importance

"The main problem is money."

"The main reason for the project's delay was the unexpected shortage of materials and the team worked overtime to catch up."

to be a good or acceptable match for someone or something's preferences, needs, or circumstances

"This will suit you."

"The proposed solution should adequately suit the diverse needs of all stakeholders involved."

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

"Bacteria reproduce very quickly under warm conditions."

"Most plants reproduce by seeds but some species can also reproduce through cuttings or runners."

use a name to designate

"Please refer to me."

"When discussing the project, please refer to the official documentation for accurate details."

the time when something happens

"Good timing is important."

"The perfect timing of the announcement helped to boost public interest in the new product."

to move ahead or proceed forward

"We will advance now."

"The army began to advance cautiously through the dense forest, searching for any signs of enemy presence."

to let someone deal with something in one's place

"You can leave now."

"The experienced manager decided to leave the complex negotiation entirely to her capable deputy."