Test 3 - Listening - Part 4 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

"This bag is biodegradable."

"The company switched to biodegradable packaging that decomposes naturally in the environment and does not harm wildlife or pollute the oceans."

to reduce one's body mass or overall body weight

"I want to lose weight this year."

"My doctor told me that I need to lose weight if I want to avoid health problems."

in a way that is very quick and often unexpected

"The river flowed rapidly downstream."

"The stock market prices rose rapidly, surprising investors with their swift and significant increase."

to start to grow, producing buds or branches

"Seeds germinate in warm soil."

"The seeds need warmth and moisture to germinate properly and begin growing into healthy young plants."

being incapable of or lacking the skill, means, etc. necessary for doing something

"I am unable to come."

"She was unable to attend the meeting because her flight was delayed and she sent her assistant to take notes for her."

a decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information

"We reached a final conclusion."

"After reviewing all the evidence and testimonies, the jury reached a conclusion that the defendant was not guilty."

to give a short and simplified version that covers the main points of something

"Summarize the article in three sentences."

"The student was asked to summarize the three hundred page novel in just two paragraphs for the class assignment."

a possible consequence that something can bring about

"The implication was clear."

"The implication of the new policy is that many employees will lose their jobs."

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

"The child is dependent on his parents."

"The small island nation is heavily dependent on tourism for its economy and a drop in visitors would be disastrous."

the state of being present; current existence

"Her presence in the room is reassuring."

"The presence of security cameras discouraged shoplifting in the retail store."

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

"The forest is an ecosystem."

"A healthy ecosystem depends on the balance between living organisms and their environment."

the act of cleaning oneself, clothes, or other items using water and soap or other cleaning substances

"The washing needs doing."

"After a long day at the park, the children's clothes were covered in mud and needed immediate washing."

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

"He has a knee injury."

"The athlete suffered a serious injury during the game and had to be taken to the hospital immediately."

a system in nature where animals and plants depend on each other for food

"Plastic pollution enters the food chain."

"The pesticide entered the food chain when insects ate contaminated plants and birds ate the insects."

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

"The book is banned."

"The banned book was removed from the school library because some parents complained about its controversial themes and language."

tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination

"Food goes through the digestive tract."

"The human digestive tract is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing essential nutrients from it."

a terrestrial invertebrate of the annelid family that moves through the soil and feeds on organic matter

"Earthworms eat dead leaves and improve soil quality."

"The earthworm aerates soil as it burrows which improves water infiltration and root growth for plants."

the layer of soil on the surface

"The garden needs topsoil."

"Farmers often add compost to the topsoil to improve its fertility and support plant growth."

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

"Water is essential."

"It is essential to drink plenty of water every day to keep your body healthy and hydrated."

used to indicate how something is achieved or the result of an action

"He passed the exam thereby proving his skills."

"He passed the exam thereby proving his skills and earning the respect of his teachers and classmates."

occurring or coming after something else

"The damage was subsequent."

"The subsequent investigation revealed that the fire was caused by faulty wiring."

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

"Ingestion of the poison causes illness."

"Ingestion of the toxic substance required immediate medical attention to prevent liver damage."

any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses

"They planted rye grass."

"Rye grass is often used for overseeding lawns in the autumn to provide winter cover."

a plastic made from natural plants like corn or sugar, often used for bottles, containers, or 3D printing because it is light, safe, and breaks down faster than regular plastic

"Polylactic acid is a biodegradable plastic."

"Polylactic acid was a biodegradable plastic made from fermented corn starch used for disposable cutlery."

a strong, durable plastic often used for making containers, bottles, and pipes because it is resistant to chemicals and can withstand high temperatures

"This bottle is high-density polyethylene."

"High-density polyethylene is widely used for making durable containers, bottles, and pipes in many industries."

generally accepted and followed by many people

"He has conventional views."

"The conventional oven cooks food by surrounding it with hot air but the new microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves to heat food much faster."

to take food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

"We ingest the medicine."

"It is important to ingest sufficient vitamins and minerals for overall health and well-being."

a small living part of a plant that when put in the ground, grows into a new one

"The seed is small."

"She planted the seed in a small pot watering it daily and watching with excitement as the first green shoot emerged from the soil."

to draw a logical inference or outcome based on established premises or evidence

"We can conclude this now."

"Let me conclude with a final remark about the importance of teamwork in achieving our common goals."

what something is used for

"What is its role?"

"The primary role of this enzyme is to catalyze a specific biochemical reaction within the cell."

to think or say that something is caused by a certain thing

"We attribute his success to hard work."

"The scientist attributes her success to years of hard work and the support of her dedicated research team."

more than any other thing

"The city is mainly residential."

"The population is mainly composed of young people who work in the technology and service industries."

to lead to a particular outcome or situation

"This will make for trouble."

"Ignoring the warning signs could make for a dangerous situation later on if not addressed."

a work containing useful information on a particular subject, often consulted for guidance or clarification

"Use the reference book."

"The encyclopedia serves as an excellent reference for historical inquiries and general knowledge."

a scheduled period of teaching, instruction, or learning activities conducted within a defined timeframe

"The morning session ends at noon."

"The morning session ends at noon and the afternoon session begins after a one hour lunch break."

to put forward a suggestion, plan, or idea for consideration

"He will propose a new plan."

"The committee proposed several changes to the existing policy in order to make it more effective and fair."

to think about someone or something in a specified way

"I regard it highly."

"Many people regard him as the best doctor in the city because he has saved so many lives."

a natural extension or projection from a part of an animal or plant organism

"The plant has a process."

"The elaborate process of seed germination requires specific environmental conditions to initiate growth."

to be gradually damaged or destroyed as a result of natural processes

"Old buildings decay."

"Without proper maintenance, the historic monument began to decay rapidly over the years."

to go or move from one place to another, often without stopping or staying for long

"We passed through the small town."

"The ancient Silk Road trade route used to pass through many different countries and diverse cultural regions."

having a limited number of species or individuals within a particular ecosystem or population

"Forest has few species."

"The coral reef ecosystem is impoverished, with few species remaining."

a thin thread or strand, especially one that is used to make fabric or rope

"The shirt is made of fiber."

"Natural fiber textiles are often preferred for their breathability and comfort in warm weather."

the process by which organic matter is decomposed, often by bacterial, fungal, or enzymatic action

"The breakdown took days."

"Microbial breakdown of organic waste is an essential part of the composting process."

the manufacture of goods using raw materials, particularly in factories

"The industry makes cars."

"The manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in the nation's economy, producing a wide range of goods."

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

"They carry out the plan carefully."

"The scientist needed special permission to carry out his dangerous experiment safely."

a part that combines with others to form a larger whole, often separable and functional within a system

"The engine has many components."

"This small component is very important for the proper functioning of the entire machine."

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

"Plants need nutrient."

"Adequate nutrient availability is essential for optimal plant growth and development."

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

"The land is fertile."

"This fertile valley is known for producing the finest grapes in the region."

to begin doing something in order to reach a goal

"We set out to win."

"The explorers will set out on a perilous journey to reach the uncharted island."

vegetation that has grown

"Look at the growth."

"The rapid growth of the invasive species threatened the native ecosystem's delicate balance."

to put or cause someone to be in a particular position or location, especially for a specific purpose or function

"I will place the book."

"The architect decided to place the new building in a location that maximized natural light."

(of plants) lasting for several years, often returning and flowering repeatedly during its life cycle

"This flower is perennial."

"Lavender is a hardy perennial plant that blooms beautifully year after year in the garden."