Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

something that poses danger or the possibility of harm

"Serious threat appeared suddenly."

"The threat of fire made everyone leave."

the scientific study of the oceans, including their physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects

"Oceanography studies the world's oceans."

"Oceanography explores ocean currents and marine life and uses satellites and research ships to collect data."

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

"The house is relatively cheap."

"The house is relatively cheap compared to others in the same neighborhood because it needs some repairs and renovations."

the highest-ranking person in a company or organization, responsible for making major decisions and managing overall operations

"The chief executive makes the final decision."

"The chief executive announced her resignation after ten years of leading the company."

a period of rapid movement of people to a region where gold has been discovered, often leading to economic growth and social change

"The gold rush brings thousands of prospectors to California."

"The gold rush brought thousands of prospectors to California in eighteen forty nine seeking fortune."

an unceremonious and disorganized struggle

"A scramble for seats."

"The scramble for African territory during the colonial era divided the continent among European powers."

used to point out that something or someone is part of a set or group

"Everyone passed including me."

"The price of the meal includes drinks including coffee tea and soft drinks."

lack of attention and due care

"His disregard for the rules gets him in trouble."

"His disregard for safety rules caused the accident that injured three workers."

the social process of becoming or being made marginal (especially as a group within the larger society)

"The marginalisation of minority groups is a serious issue."

"The marginalisation of minority groups in society led to social unrest and demands for change."

the ground at the bottom of the sea or the floor of the ocean

"Cables run along the seabed."

"The oil pipeline lay on the seabed connecting the offshore drilling platform to the shore."

the 4th planet of the solar system located between earth and Jupiter

"Mars is red."

"NASA has sent several robots to Mars to study its surface and search for evidence that liquid water once flowed on the red planet."

the 2nd planet of the solar system located between Mercury and earth

"Venus is bright."

"Venus is often seen in the evening sky."

in a thorough and complete manner, providing a comprehensive examination or explanation of a subject

"He explained it in detail."

"The detective explained the crime scene in detail and the jury could visualize exactly what had happened on the night of the murder."

to express one's opinion through a statement

"He remarks on it."

"The teacher remarked that the student's essay was one of the best she had ever read in her career."

concerning a specific topic or issue

"With respect to your request I agree."

"With respect to your opinion I think you have made some very good points today."

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

"The new policy will be announced."

"An accommodative monetary policy is a central banking strategy of lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply to stimulate economic growth during a slowdown."

related to or formed by the activity of volcanoes

"The soil is volcanic."

"The volcanic eruption sent ash and smoke high into the sky and covered nearby towns with debris."

liquid or semi-liquid rock that exists under the earth's surface with an extremely hot temperature

"Hot magma flowed out."

"The volcano erupted, spewing molten magma onto the surrounding landscape."

extremely important or essential

"This step is crucial."

"The crucial piece of evidence was found by a detective who noticed a small detail that everyone else had missed."

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

"The Coral Triangle is a global center of marine biodiversity."

"Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life on Earth at all levels"

the area or conditions immediately around something or someone where it exists or operates

"The surround is nice."

"The peaceful surround of the countryside provided a welcome escape from the city's noise and chaos."

a sea creature with a hard shell and jointed legs such as crabs and lobsters

"Crab is a crustacean."

"Crustaceans have hard exoskeletons and jointed legs."

a small mollusk that moves very slowly and closely resembles a snail without shell

"The slug has no shell."

"The slow-moving slug, a shell-less mollusk, leaves a glistening trail as it inches across the damp garden soil."

a sea polyp that is predatory and resembles a flower, having bright colors

"Sea anemones look like flowers but sting and eat small fish."

"The sea anemone traps small fish with its stinging tentacles and pulls them into its mouth."

in a manner that is gradually growing in degree, extent, or frequency over time

"The weather is increasingly getting warmer."

"The weather is increasingly getting warmer each year due to climate change caused by human activities."

related to hot water, especially water heated by the earth, often found deep underground or near volcanoes

"The vents are hydrothermal."

"The hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor support unique ecosystems where creatures live without sunlight."

a type of marine worm that lives inside a tube-like structure, often made from minerals or mucus, and is usually found in deep-sea environments

"The giant tubeworm lives near deep-sea vents."

"The deep sea tubeworm lived near hydrothermal vents and survived without sunlight by using chemosynthesis."

the bottom of a sea or ocean

"The sea floor is covered in strange creatures."

"The submarine volcano erupted on the sea floor creating new land that eventually broke the surface."

signifying a matter of deep concern

"The situation is grave."

"The grave situation required immediate action and the president called an emergency meeting of his top advisors."

absolutely necessary and of great importance

"Water is vital."

"Clean drinking water is vital for human survival and access to it should be considered a basic human right."

the purpose or intended use of something

"What is its function?"

"The primary function of this device is to regulate air quality within the building."

particles of solid material that settle at the bottom of a liquid

"Sediment sinks in still water."

"Sediment core samples taken from the bottom of a deep lake provide a layered"

in a way that carries particular importance or meaning, often in relation to the context

"The temperature dropped significantly overnight."

"The temperature dropped significantly overnight and we had to turn on the heater to keep warm."

to disrupt or alter the usual order or operation of something

"Don't disturb him."

"The sudden loud noises from the street were enough to disturb the quiet atmosphere of the library."

to take up, cover, or use the entire space or extent of something

"The sofa will occupy the room."

"The large painting will occupy the entire wall above the fireplace."

to begin to exist or become noticeable

"Problems arise when people are careless."

"Problems may arise during the project, but the team is prepared to handle any unexpected challenges."

an important or distinctive aspect of something

"This is a key feature."

"A prominent feature of the new smartphone is its advanced camera system."

done or existed before the present time

"The past week was busy."

"The past week had been exhausting and she looked forward to sleeping late on Saturday without setting an alarm."

applicable in most or all cases, without exceptions

"This is a general idea."

"The general public is invited to attend the concert for free and the organizers expect a large crowd at the city park."

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

"They are indigenous people."

"The indigenous tribe fought to preserve their ancestral lands and unique cultural heritage from exploitation."

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

"Everyone has the right to speak."

"The defendant claimed his right to remain silent during the police interrogation."

an essay or dissertation that is written in order to be read in an academic seminar or to be published in a journal

"Write a paper."

"She presented a detailed paper on quantum physics at the international conference."

a specific location or facility where a particular activity, function, or purpose is focused

"The sports center is big."

"The community center offers a wide range of services for local residents."

restricted in scope, extent, or degree

"The time is limited."

"The limited time offer was only available for twenty four hours and customers rushed to take advantage of the discounts."

to systematically examine and record geographical features, data, or information

"Map the area."

"The scientists will map the ocean floor to discover new marine species and geological formations."

a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

"I read a science journal."

"She published her research in a well-known medical journal that is read by doctors and scientists worldwide."

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

"The volcano has a vent."

"Molten rock and noxious gases erupted from the volcanic vent."

to come into contact with or to join together

"We will meet soon."

"The two opposing armies were ordered to meet at the predetermined location."

an edible marine shellfish living in sand or mud

"Fresh clam shell found."

"The fresh clam shell was found on the beach during our morning walk last weekend."

to introduce danger, a threat, problem, etc.

"It can pose a threat."

"The rapid spread of misinformation online continues to pose a significant challenge to democratic societies."

a cloud of smoke, steam, or vapor that is released into the air

"A smoke plume rose."

"A massive plume of ash and smoke billowed from the erupting volcano."