Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

a person who is good at sports and physical exercise, and often competes in sports competitions

"The athlete trained hard for the Olympics."

"Becoming a professional athlete requires sacrificing many normal activities because training must always be the highest priority in your life."

relating to or affecting the mind or the mental state

"The problem is psychological."

"The psychological effects of the trauma lasted for years and the patient attended therapy sessions to help her cope with the memories."

a person who plays the sport of tennis

"She is a tennis player."

"The aspiring tennis player trained diligently every day to improve her serve and groundstrokes."

the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out again

"Her breathing became slow and steady."

"His breathing became heavy and labored after the long run so he sat down to rest on the grass."

the number of times one's heart fills with and pumps out blood in one minute

"His heart rate increases during exercise."

"His heart rate increased dramatically when he saw the bear standing on the trail."

to assign the cause or ownership of something to a specific person, thing, or factor

"Success is attributed to hard work."

"The scientist attributes her remarkable success to many years of hard work and the support of her dedicated team."

unable to be prevented or escaped

"The delay is unavoidable."

"The delay was unavoidable because of the severe weather conditions so the airline apologized to the stranded passengers."

in a way that usually happens

"Typically, it rains."

"Typically, the conference is held in the spring, but this year it was moved to the fall."

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

"He has a knee injury."

"The athlete suffered a serious injury during the game and had to be taken to the hospital immediately."

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

"On the other hand this option is cheaper."

"On the other hand this option is cheaper and faster but it is also less reliable than the first one."

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

"She learned to cope with anxiety."

"She learned various techniques to cope with stress after attending several mindfulness and meditation workshops."

to have power over a person, company, country, etc. and to decide how things should be done

"Learn to control your emotions."

"The new software helps drivers control their vehicle's speed and maintain a safe distance from other cars."

to wait with satisfaction for something to happen

"I look forward to meeting you."

"I am really looking forward to the weekend because I have no plans and can finally relax."

the conditions or factors that surround and influence a particular situation

"The circumstance forced us to change plans."

"She showed great strength in a very difficult circumstance last year."

having a possibility of happening or being the case

"It is likely to snow."

"It is likely to rain tomorrow so you should bring an umbrella with you to work."

a mental condition where a person believes they have enough ability, energy, and control to handle a difficult situation, which makes them feel confident, focused, and ready to succeed

"Athletes in a challenge state perform better under pressure."

"The athlete entered a challenge state viewing the difficult competition as an opportunity rather than a threat."

a mental condition where a person feels they lack enough ability, strength, or control to handle a situation, causing negative emotions like fear and stress, which can harm performance

"The threat state impairs decision-making during competition."

"The threat state triggered anxiety and reduced performance when he felt unable to cope with pressure."

a situation or requirement that necessitates relief or assistance

"We have a demand."

"The sudden surge in demand for electricity put a strain on the power grid."

to deal with a situation or problem successfully

"She can handle the pressure well."

"The customer service representative was trained to handle complaints calmly and find satisfactory solutions for clients."

to deal with a given situation, especially an unpleasant one

"You must face your fears."

"Young people today face many challenges when trying to find stable employment after graduating from university."

very extreme or great

"The heat is intense."

"The intense heat from the fire made it impossible for the firefighters to approach the burning building from the front entrance door."

the stress or challenges that come from the demands of meeting goals or managing responsibilities

"He felt pressure."

"The immense pressure to succeed in his final exams caused him considerable anxiety."

an event or contest in which individuals or teams compete against each other

"The competition was intense."

"The competition was fierce but she managed to win first place by staying calm and focusing only on her own performance."

relating to the country, people, or culture of the United Kingdom

"He is british."

"Her accent revealed her british heritage, though she had lived abroad for many years."

the act of withdrawing

"The withdrawal was fast."

"The company announced the withdrawal of its controversial product from the market."

to organize or arrange something in a systematic and orderly way to ensure efficiency or compliance

"Please regulate the speed."

"The government decided to regulate the import of foreign goods to protect domestic industries."

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

"A large accumulation of trash."

"The accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few individuals raised concerns about economic inequality."

the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing a task, duty, or function, often measured against predetermined standards, goals, or expectations

"The performance was good."

"The employee's outstanding performance exceeded all expectations, earning them a significant promotion."

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

"Money is one factor."

"Climate change is an important factor that affects the migration patterns of birds across different continents."

to do something or provide a reply based on what others have done or said

"She will respond quickly."

"The government promised to respond promptly to the citizens' concerns about public safety."

anything that takes place, particularly something important

"The event was fun."

"The annual music festival is a major cultural event attracting thousands of attendees."

qualities, skills, or abilities that help someone manage challenges or accomplish tasks

"She has great resource."

"Her personal resourcefulness allowed her to overcome the unexpected obstacles during the expedition."

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

"It took much effort."

"Her tireless effort to improve the community's infrastructure was widely recognized and appreciated."

to need or demand something as necessary for a particular purpose or situation

"This job requires five years experience."

"This job requires at least five years of experience in a similar role as well as excellent communication skills."

a feeling of being uneasy, troubled, or worried about something such as problem, threat, uncertainty, etc.

"I have a concern."

"The growing concern about climate change is prompting global action and policy changes."

someone who competes with others in a sport event

"The competitor warms up before the event."

"Every competitor received a participation certificate regardless of their final ranking."

to hold an opinion that something is the case

"I believe it is true."

"Many people believe that investing early in education yields substantial long-term benefits for society."

to cause a change in a person, thing, etc.

"Rain will affect picnic."

"The new government policy is expected to affect millions of low income families who rely on public assistance programs for food and housing support."

to put or cause someone to be in a particular position or location, especially for a specific purpose or function

"I will place the book."

"The architect decided to place the new building in a location that maximized natural light."

an atmosphere of excitement, interest, or lively talk among people

"There was a buzz."

"The announcement of the new product created a significant buzz of excitement throughout the tech industry."

to control or decide how something should happen or be done

"You cannot dictate me."

"The powerful CEO continued to dictate the company's strategic direction without consulting the board."