Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

considering a particular fact or circumstance

"In view of the facts."

"In view of recent events we have decided to increase security at all of our buildings."

the power or influence that one has over other things or people

"The empire seeks domination over neighboring lands."

"The team's domination of the league was complete because they won every game by double digits."

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

"Evolution explains how animals change."

"The theory of evolution suggests that all living species have gradually developed from simpler organisms over millions of years."

in a way that shows concern only for oneself, often disregarding the needs or feelings of others

"He acted selfishly."

"The child selfishly refused to share his toys and his mother explained that sharing was important for making friends."

in a way that shows no pity, compassion, or mercy

"He competed ruthlessly."

"The dictator ruthlessly suppressed all political opposition and anyone who spoke out against the government was arrested and imprisoned without a fair trial."

having a possibility of happening or being the case

"It is likely to snow."

"It is likely to rain tomorrow so you should bring an umbrella with you to work."

the act of working together toward a common goal

"The project requires cooperation between departments."

"The success of the project depended entirely on the close cooperation between the two teams."

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

"Altruism is the act of helping others without reward."

"The firefighter's altruism was evident when he ran into the burning building to save a stranger's child."

a state that is calm and tranquil

"The peacefulness of the countryside is soothing."

"The peacefulness of the countryside was exactly what she needed after years of city noise."

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

"Presumably he forgot about our meeting."

"Presumably he will arrive later today because his flight was delayed due to bad weather in Chicago."

in a manner that occurs multiple times

"He repeatedly asked the same question."

"He repeatedly asked the same question even though the teacher had already answered it several times clearly."

the environment where a plant or animal species normally lives and grows, with the conditions that suit its needs

"The zoo tries to recreate the animal's natural habitat."

"The zoo tried to recreate the animal's natural habitat with rocks plants and a watering hole."

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

"Primates include humans."

"Primates have forward-facing eyes and large brains."

an African ape which has a large head and short neck that looks like a monkey with no tail

"The gorilla looked powerful."

"Gorillas live in family groups led by a dominant silverback male who protects the group from predators and resolves internal conflicts peacefully."

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

"The structure is hierarchical."

"The hierarchical structure of the company means that decisions must be approved by several levels of management."

the state of being distinct and unique, separate from others in characteristics or expression

"The school encourages creativity and individuality."

"The school encouraged individuality by allowing students to choose their own art projects."

the quality of being not alike; being distinct or different from that otherwise experienced or known

"The mountain's separateness gives it a feeling of isolation."

"The sense of separateness from the group caused him to feel lonely even in a crowd."

after doing or considering everything

"Ultimately the decision is yours."

"Ultimately the decision is yours to make but I strongly recommend that you consider all the options carefully."

having the potential of being done successfully

"The plan is feasible."

"The plan to build a bridge across the river is feasible and the engineers have already completed the initial design phase."

having a capacity for adaptation

"The species is adaptive."

"The adaptive software changes its interface based on the user's needs and it is especially helpful for people with disabilities."

the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence

"She has autonomy."

"The region was granted greater autonomy to manage its own internal affairs and resources."

at any time something happens

"You can come whenever you want."

"You can come whenever you want because I will be home all day working on my computer."

(of a relationship, negotiation, etc.) to fail to function properly

"The talks will break down."

"The old car finally broke down on the highway forcing us to call a tow truck for help."

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

"The mother got child custody."

"The divorced parents share joint custody of their two children who spend weekends with each parent."

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

"Everyone has the right to speak."

"The defendant claimed his right to remain silent during the police interrogation."

used to express having power or influence in relation to something or someone

"She has power over him."

"The king had absolute power over his subjects and could make any law he wished."

conforming to a standard or expected condition

"Today is a normal day."

"It is normal to feel nervous before a big exam but deep breathing and positive thinking can help calm your anxiety."

an increase in the amount, degree, importance, or size of something

"The plant showed rapid growth."

"The rapid growth of the city has led to many new housing developments."

the practice and study of growing crops and raising animals for food or other products

"Agriculture is vital."

"Modern agriculture depends heavily on technology including GPS guided tractors and drones that monitor crop health from the air."

fixed in a desired state or location, often implying a sense of permanence or stability

"The family settled in the town."

"After years of traveling, they finally found a settled life in the countryside."

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

"Assume he is wrong."

"Do not assume that everyone shares your opinions because people come from different backgrounds and have various perspectives."

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

"Kindness is a characteristic."

"A calm voice is one of her most noticeable characteristics."

a tailless animal similar to a monkey, such as chimpanzees and gorillas

"The ape climbed the tree."

"The gorilla is a powerful ape that lives in the forests of central Africa and shares about ninety eight percent of human DNA."

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

"The storm will disrupt the game."

"Unexpected technical failures can significantly disrupt the smooth operation of the entire production line."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

"The advent of spring."

"The advent of modern technology has changed our lives in many positive and negative ways."

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

"I have a sense."

"There was a general sense of unease among the passengers as the storm intensified."

a broader social or political system in which men hold primary power and women are largely excluded from leadership, decision-making, or influence

"This is a patriarchy."

"Critics argue that the current economic system perpetuates a subtle form of patriarchy, limiting women's advancement."

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

"At any rate we must finish this today."

"The weather was terrible, but at any rate, we managed to get to the airport on time for our flight."

a single word or group of words used to name or define something

"What is the term?"

"The scientific term for the fear of spiders is arachnophobia."

quite likely to happen or be true

"Well I think you are right."

"Well I think you are right about that but I still have some doubts about the timing."