Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

causing severe damage, destruction, or emotional distress

"The storm was devastating."

"The devastating earthquake destroyed entire villages and left thousands of people homeless."

not capable of being seen with the naked eye

"The air is invisible."

"The invisible man could walk through crowds without anyone knowing he was there because nobody could see him."

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

"The extraction of oil damages the environment."

"The extraction of crude oil from the seabed required massive drilling platforms and specialized equipment."

to start burning

"The old house caught fire quickly."

"The dry forest caught on fire after a lightning strike, and firefighters struggled to contain the blaze."

to earn an amount of money that enables one to support oneself and pay for one's needs

"She makes a living painting."

"After graduating from university, he struggled to make a living while pursuing his dream of becoming a musician."

the capacity to be maintained for a long time and causing no harm to the environment

"Sustainability helps the planet."

"The company is committed to achieving long-term sustainability by reducing its carbon footprint and waste."

the cognitive process of reaching a decision

"The committee handles all decision making."

"Good decision making required gathering all relevant information before evaluating possible options."

continuing or taking place over a relatively extended duration of time

"We have long-term plans."

"The long term effects of the medication are still unknown because the clinical trials have only lasted for six months so far."

in a way that shows carefulness and attention to potential danger, risk, or harm

"She cautiously opened the door."

"She cautiously opened the door to see who was there because she had heard strange noises outside."

having a hopeful and positive outlook on life, expecting good things to happen

"She is optimistic about the future."

"The optimistic entrepreneur believed that her new business would succeed despite the difficult economic conditions."

knowledge or understanding of a specific situation, fact, or issue

"The campaign raised awareness about climate change."

"The charity campaign raised awareness about hunger by organizing food drives in local neighborhoods."

a slow fall or decline (as for lack of strength)

"His spirits are sinking."

"The ship was sinking rapidly after the hull was torn open by the hidden reef."

the act of removing

"The removal of the tumor is successful."

"The removal of asbestos from the old building required specialized contractors and safety equipment."

to make sure that something will happen

"Seat belts ensure passenger safety always."

"Please check the door twice to ensure that it is locked before you leave the house for your vacation."

a person or animal that resides in a particular place

"The island's only inhabitant is a hermit."

"The local inhabitant knew all the hidden beautiful places in the small town."

the state of being important or worthy of attention

"The discovery has great scientific significance."

"The significance of the discovery was not immediately recognized by the scientific community."

*** Make progress

"Let's make way."

"The old buildings were demolished to make way for a new shopping centre and car park."

after or at the end of a series of events or an extended period

"He eventually found his lost keys."

"He eventually found his lost keys under the sofa after searching the entire house for over an hour."

a large area of land or of the world with specific characteristics, which is usually borderless

"This region has unique flora."

"The wine region of Bordeaux in France produces some of the most expensive and sought after bottles due to its unique climate and soil composition."

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

"The new policy will be announced."

"An accommodative monetary policy is a central banking strategy of lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply to stimulate economic growth during a slowdown."

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

"His intention is to help"

"Her intention was to help but her interference made the situation even worse."

the process of something becoming worse, weaker, or damaged, especially in quality, condition, or value

"The degradation of the environment concerns scientists."

"The degradation of the environment was evident in the polluted rivers and dying forests."

particles of solid material that settle at the bottom of a liquid

"Sediment sinks in still water."

"Sediment core samples taken from the bottom of a deep lake provide a layered"

to start burning

"The house will catch fire."

"If the electrical wiring is faulty, the entire building could easily catch fire during a thunderstorm."

used to refer to something that happens rarely or infrequently

"They seldom argue with each other."

"They seldom argue with each other because they have a very strong and healthy relationship."

to say or feel that someone or something is responsible for a mistake or problem

"Do not blame others for mistakes."

"Do not blame others for your mistakes instead take responsibility and learn from what happened."

done on purpose

"His mistake was deliberate."

"His mistake was deliberate because he wanted to get fired so he could collect unemployment benefits."

to begin doing something in order to reach a goal

"We set out to win."

"The explorers will set out on a perilous journey to reach the uncharted island."

to openly accept something as true or real

"The company acknowledged the customer's complaint."

"The company acknowledged the customer's complaint and offered a full refund for the defective product."

to completely understand, acknowledge, or become aware of the existence, validity, or importance of something

"I recognize you from school."

"It is crucial to recognize the significant impact that climate change is having on our planet."

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

"This approach works very well."

"The new approach to teaching mathematics has helped students understand complex problems more easily than before."

to regard highly and consider something as important, beneficial, or worthy of appreciation

"I value your honest opinion greatly."

"I value your honest opinion even when it is difficult to hear because it helps me grow as a person."

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

"Everyone has the right to speak."

"The defendant claimed his right to remain silent during the police interrogation."

the potential outcome or destiny of someone or something, often influenced by luck or circumstance

"What is his fortune?"

"Despite facing numerous challenges, her incredible fortune seemed to guide her towards success in every endeavor."

the typical way a person thinks or feels about something or someone, often affecting their behavior and decisions

"Her attitude is positive."

"His positive attitude towards challenges helped him succeed where others gave up after facing initial difficulties or setbacks."

to move from one item or topic to the next in a sequence or discussion

"She went on to study law."

"After finishing high school, he went on to pursue a degree in engineering at a prestigious university."

the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important than others

"Safety is our number one priority."

"Reducing the national debt was the government's top priority for the upcoming fiscal year."

to reject or refute the truth or existence of something

"I deny the story."

"The politician decided to deny any involvement in the scandal, despite mounting evidence to the contrary."

occurring or moving with great speed

"The change was rapid."

"The rapid growth of the city caused traffic problems and the government struggled to build enough roads and public transportation."

the rate or speed at which something progresses or changes

"The pace was fast."

"The brisk pace of the runner indicated they were well-prepared for the marathon."

an opinion or feeling that one has about someone or something, particularly one formed unconsciously

"The impression was strong."

"His first impression was positive and friendly."

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

"This is a reference to the book."

"The author made a direct reference to a previous study to support her argument."

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

"What is the proportion?"

"The proportion of students who passed the exam was significantly higher than in previous years."

to fully understand or recognize the qualities, significance, or worth of something

"I appreciate your help."

"It is important to fully appreciate the intricate beauty of classical music's complex compositions."

to say something about someone or something, without giving much detail

"Did he mention the meeting time?"

"The article mentioned several studies that support the claim but did not provide specific details about their methodologies."

to save something for future use

"We store food."

"It is wise to store extra supplies in case of emergencies or unexpected shortages."

a large piece of land used for growing sugar cane, coffee, tea, etc., particularly in a hot country

"The plantation was large."

"The old plantation has been converted into a museum that explains the region's agricultural history."

the act or process of no longer having someone or something

"The loss was sad."

"The sudden loss of her best friend left her in a state of profound grief."

to make someone or something become part of something such as a whole

"Please include me."

"The new policy will include provisions for increased employee training and professional development opportunities."

to differ or deviate from a standard or expected condition

"Prices vary widely."

"The success of the project will vary depending on the team's dedication and available resources."

the first of a series of actions

"This is a new initiative."

"The government launched a new initiative aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion."

to change something such as a process, situation, etc. to be the opposite of what it was before

"Can you reverse the car into the garage?"

"The driver had to reverse the car out of the narrow driveway because there was no space to turn around."

not easy to understand or analyze

"The system is complex."

"The human brain is an incredibly complex organ that scientists are still trying to fully understand after many years of research."

the flow of water or substances that drain away from an area of land, often carrying dirt, chemicals, or other materials

"The runoff is dirty."

"Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers can significantly pollute nearby rivers and streams."

(of liquids) to flow

"The water will run."

"Be careful, the paint is still wet and the colors might run if you touch them."

the process of causing something to exist or appear

"This is a new generation."

"The rapid generation of new ideas is crucial for staying competitive in the fast-paced technology sector."

used to indicate a person's attitude, opinion, or behavior regarding someone or something

"My view towards this."

"Her attitude towards the new project was overwhelmingly positive and enthusiastic."