Test 1 - Listening - Part 4 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

"Dinosaurs predate human existence."

"The fossil evidence suggests that dinosaurs predate humans by millions of years on this planet."

continuing to exist all the time, without significant changes

"This is my permanent address."

"This is my permanent address so please send all my mail here from now on."

to place or add something into a specific space or object

"Insert the coin into the slot."

"You need to insert the coin into the slot before the vending machine will dispense your drink."

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

"Scientists used carbon dating on ancient bones"

"Carbon dating revealed that the ancient artifact was over three thousand years old."

having absorbed as much of a substance as possible at a given temperature, reaching its maximum concentration

"The sponge is saturated."

"The sponge was saturated with water and it could not absorb any more liquid so she had to wring it out."

the level of acid in a substance, often measured by a pH below 7

"The acidity of the lemon is very high."

"The acidity of the soil was too high for blueberries which preferred a more neutral pH."

a brownish substance, often found under the ground or in regions with wet climate, formed by plants dying and becoming buried, that once added to the soil, can enhance its quality and help plants grow faster

"Peat is used to improve soil moisture retention."

"Adding peat to the garden soil improves drainage and provides essential nutrients for healthier plant growth."

related to the latest part of the Stone Age when humans used stones as tools and weapons

"The tool is from the neolithic era."

"The neolithic tools made of polished stone were discovered in an ancient burial site dating back over five thousand years."

at the present time

"She is currently studying at university."

"She is currently studying at university and hopes to graduate next year with a degree in economics."

a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites

"She is an archeologist."

"The archeologist discovered important ancient ruins during the excavation in the desert area."

a wet, spongy area of land that is often covered in moss and has poor drainage, making it soft and soggy

"The hiker gets stuck in the bog."

"The bog was home to unusual plants like sundews and pitcher plants that ate insects."

someone who held a position, office, or role before another person

"His predecessor was good."

"The current CEO has implemented many changes that were not possible during the tenure of her predecessor."

kept in good condition or protected from damage, even after a long time

"The body is well preserved."

"The well preserved Roman mosaic still had its bright colors after nearly two thousand years buried under volcanic ash."

a place used by local people for events, meetings, or activities that serve the public

"The park is a great space for community building."

"The potluck dinner was a community building event that brought neighbors together for conversation."

the quality of being fixed or steady and unlikely to change

"Stability is important."

"Political stability attracts foreign investment and helps the economy grow steadily over many years."

after a particular event or time

"He quit his job and subsequently moved away."

"He quit his job and subsequently started his own business which became very successful within a few years."

a group of people who live in the same area

"Our community organizes helpful activities."

"The local community organized a food drive collecting donations for families who lost their homes in the recent apartment building fire."

to examine something scientifically, typically to discover facts or evidence

"We must investigate this."

"The detectives will investigate the mysterious disappearance of the valuable artifact."

to investigate something to gain knowledge or understanding about it

"Explore the new area."

"The team will explore the uncharted territory to document its unique flora and fauna."

a community established by people living far from their homeland who retain nationality and cultural ties, without being governed by the home state

"This settlement is old."

"The historical settlement was founded by explorers centuries ago and remains a significant cultural site."

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

"Assume he is wrong."

"Do not assume that everyone shares your opinions because people come from different backgrounds and have various perspectives."

at or to a more advanced point or stage

"Let's discuss further."

"We need to investigate this matter further to understand all the contributing factors involved in the incident."

to systematically examine and record geographical features, data, or information

"Map the area."

"The scientists will map the ocean floor to discover new marine species and geological formations."

the way something is arranged or organized in a particular pattern or structure

"The rock formation is millions of years old."

"The rock formation had been carved by wind and rain over thousands of years."

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

"Evidence proves his innocence completely."

"The lawyer tried to prove that his client was innocent by presenting new evidence to the court."

the parts of the objects and structures from ancient times that have survived destruction and been discovered

"Ancient remains found."

"Archaeologists uncovered numerous artifacts and structural remains from the ancient civilization."

an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community

"This is a settlement."

"The archaeological team uncovered evidence of an ancient settlement near the riverbank."

a fraction of 100, commonly used to show proportions, rates, or comparisons

"The price increased by ten percent."

"Seventy percent of the survey respondents said they preferred working from home at least part time."

a type of small, woody plant with tiny purple or pink flowers, often found in hilly or rocky areas

"See the heather."

"The rolling hills were covered in a beautiful carpet of purple heather during the summer months."

to be gradually damaged or destroyed as a result of natural processes

"Old buildings decay."

"Without proper maintenance, the historic monument began to decay rapidly over the years."

to grow in amount, size, or number over time

"Watch it accumulate."

"Over the years, the small business began to accumulate significant profits and customer loyalty."

a visual or oral communication delivered to an audience, often using slides or other aids, to inform or persuade

"The presentation was good."

"Her insightful presentation effectively highlighted the key findings of the recent market research study."

the condition of not having enough of something essential, expected, or required, whether in amount, quality, or strength

"There is a deficiency."

"A severe deficiency in essential vitamins can lead to numerous health problems."

an area of land on which something is, was, or will be constructed

"Visit the site."

"The construction site is very busy."

to need or demand something as necessary for a particular purpose or situation

"This job requires five years experience."

"This job requires at least five years of experience in a similar role as well as excellent communication skills."

a value that represents the central or typical point in a set of data, often calculated as the mean, median, or mode

"His grades are above average."

"The average temperature in July was twenty five degrees Celsius with high humidity."

in a steady or unchanging way over time

"The baby is constantly crying for attention."

"The baby is constantly crying for attention and his exhausted parents do not know what to do anymore."

to cover or hide something from sight, often by placing it in the ground or covering it with another material

"Bury the treasure chest."

"The pirates decided to bury their ill-gotten gains on a deserted island, marking the spot carefully."

a small tool or device that is placed inside something to test it or gather information

"Use the probe."

"A medical probe was inserted to gather more detailed information about the patient's condition."