Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

"Thus the experiment was a success."

"Thus the experiment was a success and the scientists published their findings in a prestigious medical journal."

a change in a person or thing caused by another person or thing

"The effect was surprising."

"The new rule had a strong effect on students."

***if something unpleasant or difficult looms large, it seems certain to happen

"Problems loom large now."

"As the final exam approaches, feelings of anxiety and doubt loom large in the minds of many students."

as time passes or progresses

"Over time his health improved."

"Over time his health improved dramatically and he was able to return to work after several months."

in relation to or concerning someone or something

"Regarding your question I have no answer."

"Please call me regarding your application status as soon as you have any news."

to a greater extent than is reasonable or acceptable

"Do not be unduly worried about the test."

"Do not be unduly worried about the test because you have studied hard and you are well prepared for it."

the ongoing existence or continuous effort of something over a period of time, especially despite difficulties

"Her persistence leads to a breakthrough."

"His persistence in applying for jobs finally paid off when he was offered a position."

false or inaccurate information that is spread or communicated, often with the intention of deceiving or misleading others

"The internet is full of misinformation."

"Misinformation about the vaccine spread quickly on social media causing hesitation among some people."

to overcome challenges, defend beliefs, or achieve a difficult thing

"We battle challenges."

"The two armies will battle for control of the strategic city that lies between their countries."

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

"The disease is widespread."

"The widespread use of smartphones has changed the way people communicate and access information in their daily lives."

a statement or belief that is not true

"The article is based on a falsehood."

"The article was full of falsehoods and had to be retracted by the publisher."

in a way that is done consciously and intentionally

"She deliberately ignored his message."

"She deliberately ignored his call because she was still angry about the argument they had last night."

used to provide an alternative or clearer way of expressing the same idea

"He is lazy in other words."

"He is lazy in other words he does not like to work and always finds excuses to avoid it."

causing harm or damage

"Smoking is detrimental to health."

"Smoking is detrimental to your health and can cause lung cancer over time."

unable to be prevented

"Change is inevitable."

"Change is inevitable so we should accept it and adapt rather than fighting against it."

relating to or expressed using spoken language

"He gave a verbal warning."

"The verbal agreement between the two friends was not legally binding so they decided to write a formal contract instead."

widespread forms of communication, including TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, that reach a large audience with news, information, and entertainment

"Mass media reaches many people."

"Mass media are the diverse technologies used to communicate information to a large dispersed audience."

a situation or a chance where doing or achieving something particular becomes possible or easier

"This job is a great opportunity for her."

"The internship provided an excellent opportunity for her to learn from experienced professionals and make valuable connections in the publishing industry."

to give good reasons to justify a particular action

"This warrants praise."

"His exceptional performance on the project certainly warrants a significant promotion and a raise."

someone who makes decisions about the policies that a government or organization follows

"Policy makers debated the new healthcare law."

"Policy makers must consider long term consequences rather than short term political gains when writing laws."

used to introduce the first and essential point or reason when presenting a series of statements

"First of all I want to thank everyone."

"First of all I want to thank everyone for coming to the meeting and for sharing their ideas."

to take steps or do something in order to achieve a particular goal or result

"We must action this now."

"The committee decided to action the proposed changes immediately to improve efficiency."

at the starting point of a process or situation

"Initially I did not like him."

"Initially I did not like him but after getting to know him better I realized that he is actually a very kind person."

used to introduce the second point, reason, step, etc.

"Secondly we need to buy food."

"Secondly we need to buy food and drinks for the party before we can start decorating the room."

the traditional form of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed materials, that convey information and entertainment through ink and paper

"Print media includes newspapers magazines."

"Print media refers to physically distributed publications such as newspapers magazines and books."

relating to interactions or relationships between people

"He has good interpersonal skills."

"Strong interpersonal skills are essential for managers who need to communicate effectively with their team members and resolve conflicts."

used to introduce additional information or to emphasize a point

"The hotel was nice moreover it was cheap."

"The hotel was very clean moreover the staff was friendly and helpful throughout our entire stay."

used to introduce the third point, reason, step, etc.

"Thirdly, we must consider costs."

"Thirdly, we need to finalize the budget before proceeding with the project's next phase."

by accident or through lack of attention

"She inadvertently revealed the secret."

"She inadvertently revealed the secret when she mentioned the surprise party in front of the person it was for."

not precise or correct

"The map is inaccurate."

"The inaccurate weather forecast caused many people to cancel their outdoor plans only to have a beautiful sunny day."

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

"Technology enables people to work remotely."

"The scholarship enabled her to attend university because she could not afford the tuition fees without financial assistance."

a wrong or mistaken understanding of something

"There is a common misperception about the disease."

"The misperception that all sharks are dangerous has led to the needless killing of many harmless species."

the possibility or likelihood of something happening or becoming true, real, or effective

"He has potential."

"The project shows great potential to revolutionize the industry if funding can be secured."

arising directly from a specific cause or reason, without any intervening factors

"This is an immediate result."

"The immediate consequence of the strike was a complete shutdown of all factory operations."

***if something unpleasant or difficult looms large, it seems certain to happen

"The problem looms large."

"With the deadline approaching rapidly, the financial difficulties of the company began to loom large."

a way, system, object, etc. through which one can achieve a goal or accomplish a task

"He found a way."

"The company explored various innovative means to improve customer satisfaction and boost overall sales figures."

involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively

"Mass protests occurred."

"The mass production of goods has made many products cheaper but it has also led to environmental problems and waste."

to give information about someone or something, especially in an official manner

"We will inform you about the decision."

"Please inform the receptionist when you arrive so she can notify the manager of your presence."

great and immediate danger, especially when one may be harmed or even killed

"The boat was in peril."

"The climbers faced extreme peril as they navigated the treacherous mountain pass in a blizzard."

to examine the truth or accuracy of something

"Please verify your email address online now."

"The bank will contact your employer to verify your income before approving your loan application."

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

"I hold this view."

"Despite the prevailing opinion, many people continue to hold strong beliefs about the importance of traditional values."

to help or support the progress or development of something

"They promote equality."

"The organization works tirelessly to promote understanding and cooperation among diverse cultural communities worldwide."

a phenomenon or event that follows from and is caused by a previous action or occurrence

"Serious consequence followed."

"The consequence of not paying your bills on time is that your credit score will drop and future loans will be more expensive or harder to get."

a fact or piece of information gathered by noticing or watching something carefully

"This is my observation."

"My careful observation of the patient's behavior revealed subtle but significant changes."

without being exact

"Roughly half of the students passed."

"Roughly half of the students passed the exam while the other half failed and will have to retake it."

to be connected to or about a particular subject

"I relate to your experience."

"Many young people can relate to the main character's struggles with fitting in at school."

belonging to the current era

"The museum has contemporary art."

"The contemporary art museum features works by living artists from around the world."

seeming to be true but not necessarily

"It is apparent now."

"Despite his attempts to conceal it, his guilt was apparent to everyone in the room."

to obtain something through one's own actions or hard work

"Gain victory."

"Through diligent practice and unwavering determination, the athlete was able to gain a significant advantage."

related to long-term planning or the careful organization of actions to achieve specific goals or objectives

"The location is strategic."

"The strategic location of the city on the river made it an important trading center for hundreds of years."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."

(of a book, program, article, etc.) to be issued, broadcasted, or published

"The show will appear soon."

"The highly anticipated documentary is set to appear on streaming platforms next month."

any form of information, media, or material that is created, published, or shared on digital platforms, including text, images, videos, articles, podcasts, and more

"Content includes text images video."

"Content is the information and experiences created for an audience such as text images or video on a platform."

a relationship between people or groups based on shared experiences, ideas, or emotions

"They formed a bond."

"The strong bond between the mother and her newborn baby began immediately after the child was born at the hospital."

a period of history marked by particular features or events

"The invention of the printing press began a new era."

"The digital era has completely transformed the way people communicate around the world."

to be able to be seen or heard by a number of people

"The sound will reach you."

"The speaker's voice was clear enough to reach every member of the large audience."

a group of individuals who receive, consume, or engage with a particular form of media, such as television shows, films, performances, or social media content

"The audience enjoyed the show."

"The film's director carefully considered the preferences of the target audience during production."

the planet Earth

"The whole globe spins."

"Scientists are concerned about the rapid climate changes affecting the entire globe."

not according to reality or facts

"The rumor is false."

"The false alarm caused everyone to evacuate the building for no reason and they were all annoyed when they found out it was a mistake."

happening later in a process or sequence, often with an impact on subsequent stages

"The village is downstream."

"The downstream effects of this decision will likely impact our entire department's workflow."

a state of compatibility or coordinated action among people, ideas, or groups

"We live in harmony."

"The two nations finally achieved a state of harmony after decades of conflict and misunderstanding."

in all parts of a place, group, or area

"News spread across the nation."

"We walked across the bridge to the other side of the river where the old castle is located."

to spread or scatter something over a surface

"Distribute the flyers."

"The volunteers worked tirelessly to distribute blankets and food to the homeless population."

something that we think is true or real

"My belief is strong."

"Her unwavering belief in her own abilities propelled her towards achieving her ambitious objectives."