Test 4 - Listening - Part 4 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

an urgent situation in which proper action must be taken to remove the threats done to the environment

"The climate crisis is urgent."

"The climate crisis requires immediate action because delaying emission reductions will make the consequences more severe and difficult to reverse."

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

"She is the CEO of a multinational corporation."

"The large multinational corporation has offices in over fifty different countries around the world."

to compensate for the effects of something through appropriate actions or measures

"The gains offset the losses perfectly."

"The company hopes that increased sales in Europe will offset the declining revenue from its struggling domestic market."

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

"Carbon emission contributes to global warming."

"Carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels were the primary driver of climate change."

used to express regret or say that something is disappointing or sad

"Unfortunately I cannot come to the party."

"Unfortunately I cannot come to the party because I have to work late tonight at the office."

by a significant amount or to a significant extent

"The new car is considerably faster."

"The new car is considerably faster than the old one and it also uses less fuel on the highway."

the process of replanting trees in an area where forest cover has been depleted or removed, aiming to restore or create a forest ecosystem

"Reforestation efforts are underway to restore the burned forest."

"The organization planted thousands of new trees as part of a large reforestation project to restore the forest that had been destroyed by wildfires the previous year."

extremely important or essential

"This step is crucial."

"The crucial piece of evidence was found by a detective who noticed a small detail that everyone else had missed."

an event that combines things in a mixture

"The party was a mix."

"The cake mix only required adding water and oil before baking in the oven."

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

"The panda is a critically endangered species."

"This particular species of orchid is extremely rare and can only be found in a small region of the Amazon rainforest."

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

"The forest is an ecosystem."

"A healthy ecosystem depends on the balance between living organisms and their environment."

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

"The panda is endangered."

"The endangered species list includes the giant panda and conservation efforts have helped increase its population in recent years."

(of plants or animals) not originally from the region or environment where they are found, often introduced from other areas

"This is a non-native plant."

"The introduction of non-native species can have detrimental effects on the local ecosystem."

regarding or affecting the entire world

"This is a global problem."

"The global pandemic affected every country in the world and changed the way people live and work."

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

"The Coral Triangle is a global center of marine biodiversity."

"Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life on Earth at all levels"

to increase something to the highest possible level

"We need to maximize our profits."

"The company restructured its operations to maximize profits and reduce unnecessary expenses across all departments."

the state of being able to be used, obtained, or accessed

"Check the availability of the room."

"The product availability is very good in all major stores across the country."

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

"Plants need good soil to grow."

"The farmer tested the pH level of the soil to determine which crops would grow best in that particular field."

able to be physically harmed or wounded

"The child is vulnerable."

"The vulnerable child needed extra support from his teachers because he had experienced trauma and was easily frightened."

in a favorable or approving manner

"She is a highly respected doctor."

"She is a highly respected doctor and many patients travel from far away just to see her."

the process of collecting carbon dioxide gas from places like power plants or factories and storing it safely so that it does not enter the air and cause more global warming

"Carbon capture technology removes CO2 from the air."

"Carbon capture technology removed carbon dioxide from industrial emissions before it entered the atmosphere."

to put a seed, plant, etc. in the ground to grow

"Gardeners plant flowers in the garden."

"The farmer woke up early every morning to plant hundreds of vegetable seeds in the rich soil of his large field."

to be more numerous, powerful, or significant than everything else around it

"The big trees dominate."

"In that ecosystem, the apex predator tends to dominate all other species."

a list of things that need to be considered, solved, or done

"What is the first item on the agenda?"

"The committee chair distributed the agenda a week before the meeting so members could prepare."

easy to comprehend or perform without any difficulties

"The answer is straightforward."

"The instructions for assembling the furniture were surprisingly straightforward, making the process quite simple."

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

"She will undertake a huge project."

"The scientist decided to undertake a dangerous expedition to study the effects of climate change in Antarctica."

the size, amount, or degree of one thing compared with another

"The map has a scale of one inch to a mile."

"The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to quantify the size of earthquakes based on the amplitude of seismic waves recorded by seismographs."

to choose someone or something from a group of people or things

"Please select a payment method."

"The hiring committee will select the most qualified candidate based on their experience and interview performance."

representing the usual characteristics of a person, thing, or group

"That is typical behavior."

"It is typical for teenagers to want more independence and parents should try to understand their need for freedom."

found only in small numbers so considered interesting or valuable

"This is rare."

"Finding such a rare artifact in pristine condition is an extraordinary stroke of luck."

aggressively intruding or spreading into a space or situation where something is unwelcome or harmful

"The plant is invasive."

"Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems and threaten native biodiversity."

important or great enough to be noticed or have an impact

"The change is significant."

"The significant increase in temperature over the past century is a clear sign of climate change caused by human activity."

a factor that helps to make something happen

"Stress is a contributor."

"Lack of sleep is a major contributor to decreased productivity and poor decision-making."

a situation in which one must deal with serious problems or make some important decisions

"This is a crisis."

"The unexpected economic downturn created a severe crisis for many small businesses."

the rivalry between two or more organisms or species, as they actively compete for a scarce environmental resource

"There is competition."

"Intense competition among the various species for limited food resources shapes the ecosystem."

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

"The storm threaten us."

"The aggressive rhetoric from the opposing party began to threaten the stability of the government."

the process by which organisms best adapted to their environment continue to exist while others die out

"It is survival."

"The ability to adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions is crucial for survival."

to bring something back into existence or operation, especially after a period of inactivity or decline

"We will restore the house."

"The city council voted to restore the historic theatre to its former glory after decades of neglect."

used to express a situation or condition that is most desirable

"Ideally we should arrive early."

"Ideally we should arrive early to avoid the crowds but if you are late it is not a big problem."

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

"Conservation protects natural resources."

"Conservation efforts are essential to protect endangered animals and preserve natural resources for future generations."

to make something stay in the same state or condition

"Maintain the car's condition."

"It is important to maintain a positive attitude even when facing significant challenges."

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

"The table has good stability."

"The economic stability of the nation is crucial for its long-term prosperity and growth."

during the time that something else is happening

"She sang whilst she worked."

"Whilst I appreciate your help I think I can finish this project on my own."

the act of inflicting injury, damage, or loss on someone or something

"The storm does significant harm to the crops."

"The chemical spill caused great harm to the local fish population and polluted the river for miles."

a fundamental unit of language linking a signifier to what it signifies

"This is a stop sign."

"The arbitrary nature of the sign is a fundamental concept in semiotics."

an organized and carefully planned course of action

"It is a clever scheme."

"The intricate scheme was designed to outwit their competitors and secure market dominance."

an area of scenery visible in a single view

"The landscape looked beautiful in spring."

"We admired the landscape from the top of the hill."