Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

a vessel designed for transporting goods and merchandise as part of commercial trade

"The merchant ship carries cargo across the ocean."

"The merchant ship carried thousands of containers across the Pacific Ocean to California."

a regularly used path or route across the sea, often for the exchange of goods and services between different places or countries

"The Silk Road was an ancient trade route."

"The ancient Silk Road was a major trade route connecting China with the Mediterranean world."

to fully remove or get rid of something

"Eliminate unnecessary words from your essay."

"The new software update should eliminate many of the bugs that users have been complaining about recently."

related to ancient Rome, its citizens, or empire

"She visited Roman ruins."

"The Roman empire controlled most of Europe and northern Africa for hundreds of years and its legacy is still visible today."

to completely destroy something, particularly a problem or threat

"We must eradicate poverty worldwide."

"The World Health Organization is working hard to eradicate polio from every country on the planet through massive vaccination campaigns."

to store information in a way that can be used in the future

"She records her voice for practice."

"The journalist used a small device to record the entire interview for later use."

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

"The king's reign ended peacefully."

"The queen's reign brought economic stability and cultural prosperity to the kingdom."

a title used for ancient Egyptian rulers

"The pharaoh ruled Egypt wisely."

"The pharaoh commissioned enormous pyramids to demonstrate divine authority and political power."

a person who attacks and robs ships at sea, typically for personal gain

"The pirate stole the gold."

"The notorious pirate was known for his daring raids on merchant vessels sailing the Caribbean Sea."

a person or thing that chases, follows, or tries to catch something or someone

"The pursuer gains on the escaping car."

"The pursuer chased the escaped prisoner through crowded streets until losing him in an alley."

(of an idea or thought) to suddenly be remembered or thought of

"A good idea came to mind."

"When someone mentions Italian food pizza immediately comes to mind as the most popular dish."

a person or thing that is out of place or does not conform to the norms or expectations of a particular group, environment, or situation

"He feels like a misfit among his peers."

"The social misfit found acceptance among the art students who appreciated his eccentricities."

a boat that uses large pieces of cloth called sails to catch the wind and move across the water

"The sailing ship uses the wind for power."

"The sailing ship used its square rigged sails to catch the strong trade winds."

a region of islands and territories in the Caribbean Sea known for its tropical climate, diverse cultures, and natural beauty

"They vacation in the Caribbean every winter."

"The Caribbean islands were famous for their white sand beaches and crystal clear turquoise water."

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

"A new millennium began."

"The ancient civilization flourished for nearly a millennium before its eventual decline."

to exist or occur at an earlier time than something else

"Dinosaurs predate human existence."

"The fossil evidence suggests that dinosaurs predate humans by millions of years on this planet."

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

"Ancient civilization thrived."

"The ancient Egyptian civilization lasted for thousands of years along the Nile River."

to a specific extent or degree

"The sky is partly cloudy today."

"The sky is partly cloudy today so you might want to bring an umbrella just in case it rains later."

as a result of a specific cause or reason

"The game was canceled due to rain."

"Due to the bad weather the flight was delayed for over three hours at the airport."

in a manner that consists mostly of a specific kind, quality, etc.

"The population is predominantly Christian."

"The population is predominantly Christian but there are also small Muslim and Jewish communities living in the city."

having many hills

"The terrain is hilly."

"The hilly terrain made the bike ride much more difficult than we had expected it to be."

a person or animal that resides in a particular place

"The island's only inhabitant is a hermit."

"The local inhabitant knew all the hidden beautiful places in the small town."

to a great or considerable extent

"It rained heavily all night long."

"It rained heavily all night long and the streets were completely flooded by the time we woke up."

concerning or involving travel by sea, especially for work or adventure

"His family is seafaring."

"The seafaring nation has a long history of exploration and trade across the oceans dating back hundreds of years."

not exceeded by anything or anyone else

"Her beauty is unsurpassed."

"The chef's unsurpassed skill in the kitchen earned him three Michelin stars and fame around the world."

the boundary between land and water, particularly as seen on a map or from above

"Beautiful coastline attracts many tourists."

"The rugged coastline of Maine features rocky shores and picturesque lighthouses that have guided ships safely through fog for centuries."

used to introduce a result based on the information or actions that came before

"Thus the experiment was a success."

"Thus the experiment was a success and the scientists published their findings in a prestigious medical journal."

indicating a large number of something

"He has numerous friends."

"There are numerous reasons to exercise regularly including better health more energy and improved mood."

a small curved area of land that partly encloses a specific part of the sea

"A small boat was anchored in the sheltered cove."

"We discovered a hidden cove with crystal-clear water while hiking along the rocky coastline."

not discovered, noticed, or detected, often referring to something that was searched or looked for

"The virus went undetected."

"The virus remained undetected in the patient's body for months before symptoms finally appeared and she sought medical help."

designed or capable of traveling on the open sea, especially over long distances

"The ship is oceangoing."

"The oceangoing vessel was designed to withstand rough seas and it could travel for months without returning to port."

any body of water that is not contained within a defined or enclosed area

"The swimmer is nervous about the open water."

"The swimmer panicked in open water because she could not see the bottom beneath her."

(of a sea or other area of water) deep or wide enough for ships or boats to travel through

"The river is navigable."

"The river is navigable for small boats during the summer months but the water level drops too low in winter."

to load or put cargo on board a ship

"The ship lades cargo at port."

"The workers laded the heavy cargo onto the ship as quickly as possible before the tide went out."

a small, fast sailing ship used in the past mainly by the Portuguese and Spanish

"The caravel sailed fast."

"The caravel was a small highly maneuverable sailing ship used by Portuguese explorers in the fifteenth century."

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

"It happened circa 1900."

"The painting was created circa 1850 but the artist is unknown to this day."

to roam about without a specific purpose

"The cat will prowl."

"The lone wolf began to prowl around the campsite, searching for an opportunity to scavenge."

to enter a place and remove or take away a large number of things quickly and illegally, often as part of a criminal enterprise or activity

"They raid the store."

"The thieves planned to raid the jewelry store during the night and escape with valuable items."

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

"The storm threaten us."

"The aggressive rhetoric from the opposing party began to threaten the stability of the government."

absolutely necessary and of great importance

"Water is vital."

"Clean drinking water is vital for human survival and access to it should be considered a basic human right."

a country under the control of one government

"This is a new state."

"The newly formed state quickly established its own governing institutions."

the act of attacking or robbing ships at sea, often for financial gain

"The piracy was bad."

"The rise of digital piracy has significantly impacted the revenue streams of creative industries."

something that benefits or advantages someone or something, often in a specific situation

"This is of interest."

"The company is acting in its own best interest by diversifying its investment portfolio."

a state or country where power is held by the people or their elected representatives, typically with an elected head of state rather than a monarch

"It is a republic."

"The transition to a democratic republic was a monumental step for the nation's political evolution."

extremely large or heavy

"It is massive rock."

"The massive oak tree had stood in the park for centuries, its thick trunk a testament to its age and strength."

a group of naval vessels organized as a single fighting or operational unit

"The Spanish fleet sailed for England."

"The Spanish Armada was a fleet of one hundred thirty ships sent to invade England."

being subject to the rule, authority, or governance of something or someone

"He is under my command."

"All employees must operate under the strict guidelines set by the company's new management."

a military unit, area, or operation that is under the control and direction of one officer or leader

"The general leads the command."

"The entire Northern command was mobilized for the offensive operation."

a high-ranking officer in the army, Air Force, or Marines

"He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General."

"The general outlined the strategic plan for the upcoming military offensive against the enemy."

to change the appearance, character, or nature of a person or object

"A caterpillar transforms into a butterfly."

"The caterpillar will transform into a beautiful butterfly after spending several weeks inside its chrysalis."

demonstrating sensible judgment or fairness in decision-making

"The price is reasonable."

"The price of the apartment was reasonable for the neighborhood so they decided to make an offer immediately."

to travel on water using the power of wind or an engine

"They sail across the ocean every summer."

"He learned how to sail when he was just a boy and now he dreams of sailing across the entire Atlantic Ocean alone one day."

all the people who work on a ship, aircraft, etc.

"The crew is ready."

"The entire flight crew underwent rigorous training before their long-haul journey."

someone who is reckless and likes putting themselves in danger

"The daredevil jumps his motorcycle over ten cars."

"The daredevil planned to jump his motorcycle over twelve buses lined up in a row."

a daring or adventurous person, who engages in brave or reckless activities

"He was a swashbuckler."

"The daring swashbuckler faced danger with a smile and a sword."

(of land or soil) able to produce crops or plants well

"The land is fertile."

"This fertile valley is known for producing the finest grapes in the region."

(of land or terrain) rough, uneven, and often difficult to navigate, with features such as steep slopes or rocky surfaces

"The terrain is rugged."

"The rugged terrain of the desert made it difficult for the vehicles to pass and the soldiers had to walk for miles."

(of an area) having a lot of mountains

"The region is mountainous."

"The mountainous region receives heavy snowfall every winter and the roads are often closed for several days at a time."

to depend on someone or something for support and assistance

"I rely on you."

"As a new student, she had to rely on her classmates for guidance and support during the initial adjustment period."

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

"The animal is marine."

"The marine ecosystem is threatened by plastic pollution and many sea animals mistake trash for food."

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

"Oil is valuable resource."

"Many countries depend heavily on their natural resource exports to build wealth and support their economies."

to have a particular quality, attribute, knowledge, or skill

"She can possess great talent."

"To excel in this field, one must possess a unique blend of creativity and technical skill."

to begin doing something harmful, like crime or drugs, often as a response to feeling unhappy

"He will turn to crime."

"After losing his job, he unfortunately began to turn to petty theft to survive."

to launch a planned and forceful attack against an enemy or target

"They will strike now."

"The air force prepared to strike the enemy's command center with precision missiles."

the influence, control, or power that comes from status, money, or position

"He used his might."

"The might of the Roman army was unmatched in the ancient world for centuries."

a fixed way between two places, along which a bus, plane, ship, etc. regularly travels

"The route was long and tiring."

"The delivery driver planned a new route to avoid the morning traffic jam that usually causes him to be late for his first stop."

to have information, meaning, or condition

"The box does hold secrets."

"This ancient manuscript appears to hold valuable information about the lost civilization."