Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

money that a person earns, daily or weekly, in exchange for their work

"The wage is low."

"The wage increased after the new contract."

together with something else

"He came along with his sister."

"She went to the party along with her best friend and they had a great time."

a device used for weaving textiles or fabrics, consisting of a frame or machine with a series of parallel threads called the warp, and a set of perpendicular threads called the weft, which are interlaced to create the fabric

"The loom weaves thread into cloth."

"A loom weaves threads into cloth by interlacing warp and weft yarns under tension."

a practice requiring experience and skill, in which objects are made with one's hands

"She loves making craft items."

"Learning a traditional craft like pottery requires a lot of patience, practice, and dedication over many years."

lacking training or expertise in a particular type of work or task

"He does unskilled labor."

"The unskilled laborer worked long hours for low pay because he had no training or education to qualify for better jobs."

an individual responsible for controlling and maintaining machines in a manufacturing or production setting

"The machine operator monitors the production line."

"The machine operator monitored the production line and stopped it immediately when a problem occurred."

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

"Fishing is his main livelihood."

"Fishermen lost their livelihood when the river became too polluted for fish to survive."

someone who works for a skilled person for a specific period of time to learn their skills, usually earning a low income

"The apprentice learned quickly."

"The young apprentice watched carefully as the master carpenter carved the wood knowing that someday he would need to perform the same delicate work alone."

to damage or destroy something severely

"He wrecks his father's new car."

"The teenager accidentally wrecked his father's car by driving too fast on the wet and slippery road."

a specific case or example of something

"This instance clearly proves the main argument."

"Each instance of misconduct was carefully documented by the research team."

the repeated shooting of one or several guns

"The gunfire was loud."

"The sudden burst of gunfire from the distance startled the hikers on the trail."

a person or organization that hires and pays individuals for a variety of jobs

"My employer is very kind."

"A good employer provides fair wages, benefits, and opportunities for professional development to their employees."

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

"The machinery is loud."

"The factory floor was filled with the hum and clatter of advanced manufacturing machinery working tirelessly."

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

"The army was sent to crush the violent uprising."

"The failed uprising against the government led to the arrest of hundreds of protesters and activists."

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

"Social unrest led to protests in the capital."

"Social unrest grew after the controversial government decision was announced last month."

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

"This country has a high standard of living."

"The standard of living in this city has improved greatly over the past ten years."

a social group made up of people who hold the highest social position and are usually quite wealthy

"The upper class often sends its children to private schools."

"Upper class people often live in large houses and send their children to expensive schools."

the social class between the upper and lower classes that includes professional and business people

"Middle class family."

"The middle class family works hard to provide good education for their children every day."

someone who is employed in a factory and works there

"The factory worker wears safety goggles."

"The factory worker stood at the assembly line for ten hours each day performing repetitive tasks."

to a very great amount or degree

"The weather is extremely cold today."

"The weather is extremely cold today so make sure to wear a warm coat and gloves before going outside."

the skill or act of making a piece of clothing from threads of wool, etc. by using a pair of special long thin needles or a knitting machine

"Knitting is calming."

"Knitting helps reduce stress for many people because the repetitive motions have a calming effect similar to meditation or deep breathing exercises."

a member of a group of early 19th-century English workers who protested against the use of machinery that threatened their jobs, often by destroying the machines

"Luddites destroyed machines they believed threatened their jobs."

"The Luddite destroyed mechanical looms believing the machines would put skilled weavers out of work."

to spread or tell information unverified information or gossip, often without knowing if it is true

"They rumor gossip."

"He tends to rumor about his neighbors, spreading unverified gossip without any evidence."

to a very near extent but not completely

"He was all but dead when they found him."

"He was all but dead when the paramedics arrived but they managed to revive him at the hospital."

the rate or speed at which something progresses or changes

"The pace was fast."

"The brisk pace of the runner indicated they were well-prepared for the marathon."

to provide the energy or inspiration needed to drive or enhance a specific activity or process

"Fuel the fire."

"Her passionate speech seemed to fuel the students' determination to demand change."

the act of resisting, disagreeing with, or countering something

"There was opposition to the plan."

"The proposed legislation faced significant opposition from environmental groups concerned about its impact."

to express disapproval of something

"I strongly object to that proposal."

"I strongly object to your proposal because it does not take into account the needs of the local community."

powered by machines or motors to perform tasks automatically, instead of by hand

"The factory is mechanized now."

"The new mechanized farming equipment significantly increased the efficiency of harvesting the crops."

to feel anxious or afraid about a likely situation or event

"I fear the dark."

"Many people fear that climate change will have devastating effects on future generations."

to deprive someone of their rights, opportunities, or possessions

"Rob the bank."

"The dictator sought to rob his people of their basic freedoms and human rights."

(of people) behaving dangerously or aggressively due to the circumstances

"He is desperate now."

"The trapped hikers became desperate and took extreme risks to find their way out."

to use force to enter a building, vehicle, or other enclosed space, usually for the purpose of theft

"Someone tried to break into our house."

"Someone tried to break into our house last night but the alarm scared them away."

to forcibly break something into several pieces

"He smashes the window with a rock."

"The angry child smashed the toy against the wall because he could not make it work properly."

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

"Good practice makes perfect."

"The consistent practice of mindfulness meditation helped him manage his daily stress effectively."

an example of a certain kind of situation

"This is a common case."

"In this particular case, the evidence strongly suggests innocence."

a person whose job is to protect and look after a person or place

"The guard watched the gate."

"The security guard checked every ID carefully before allowing anyone to enter the building following the recent break in that happened late last month."

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

"We install the new TV."

"The technicians will install the advanced security system by tomorrow morning."

to do something or provide a reply based on what others have done or said

"She will respond quickly."

"The government promised to respond promptly to the citizens' concerns about public safety."

deserving of punishment under the law or established rules

"The crime is punishable."

"Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious crime punishable by fines and imprisonment in most countries."

the tangible or measurable results, products, or goods produced by a process or system

"We need more output."

"The factory's increased output of goods significantly boosted the company's annual profits."

with everything considered

"Overall, it was good."

"Overall, the conference was a resounding success, fostering collaboration and generating innovative ideas."

to move forward or make progress with difficulty

"He had to struggle."

"The small business had to struggle for survival in the highly competitive market."

the stage or point of highest quality, activity, success, etc.

"The show reached its peak."

"The artist's career reached its peak with the release of her critically acclaimed masterpiece."

a building in which flour is made out of grain

"Old water mill worked."

"The old water mill ground wheat into flour for the village many years ago successfully."

to come after another thing or person in order or time

"The second car will follow."

"The sequel will follow the original story, continuing the adventures of the protagonist."

a large, unspecified number of something

"I need a dozen eggs."

"A dozen people gathered at the town square to protest the new policy."

to be killed by being held in the air with a rope around one's neck

"They will hang him."

"The historical account describes how the rebels were captured and forced to hang for their actions."

a covert group organized to oppose or overthrow an occupying power or government

"The resistance fought back."

"The underground resistance movement bravely sabotaged enemy supply lines during the occupation."

to completely stop existing or being found

"The ghost will vanish."

"The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat, astonishing the audience."

to be connected or joined in some way

"These ideas link together."

"The new evidence seems to link the suspect directly to the crime scene."

the provided or available amount of something

"We have a supply."

"The emergency supply of water was crucial during the prolonged drought."

able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

"My car is reliable."

"The reliable old truck never broke down even after two hundred thousand miles and the farmer trusted it completely."

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

"Exercise provides great benefit for mental health"

"Regular exercise provides the benefit of improved cardiovascular health and stronger bones."

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

"This is a key sector."

"The technology sector has experienced rapid growth, driving innovation and creating numerous job opportunities."

the act or process of no longer having someone or something

"The loss was sad."

"The sudden loss of her best friend left her in a state of profound grief."

feelings of care and understanding toward other people's emotions, especially sadness or suffering

"He showed sympathy."

"I felt great sympathy for my neighbor after her dog passed away because I know how close she was to that animal for many years."

a machine with a sturdy structure that holds parts in place and speeds up the process of making items like cloth, lace, or thread

"She used a loom frame."

"The intricate lace was carefully woven on a specialized wooden frame by skilled artisans."