Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

"The machinery is loud."

"The factory floor was filled with the hum and clatter of advanced manufacturing machinery working tirelessly."

water containing salts

"Seawater is too salty to drink."

"The reverse osmosis plant removed salt from seawater to produce fresh drinking water."

a mixture consisting of a liquid and solid particles suspended within it

"The slurry from the mine leaks into the river."

"The cement slurry was poured into the form and allowed to harden for twenty four hours."

the act of transporting goods, particularly by sea

"Fast shipping is important."

"Free shipping on online orders over fifty dollars encourages customers to add more items to their carts."

in a manner expressing the capability or likelihood of something happening or developing in the future

"This could potentially help you."

"This decision could potentially change your life so think carefully before you make any final choices."

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

"Unexpected consequences of the choice."

"The decision had serious ramification for the future of the entire company and its employees."

regarding or affecting the entire world

"This is a global problem."

"The global pandemic affected every country in the world and changed the way people live and work."

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

"The agency is regulatory."

"The regulatory agency fined the bank for violating consumer protection laws and ordered it to change its business practices immediately."

a structure or model guiding organization or development, often with rules or principles

"The report provides a clear framework for the new policy."

"We need a strong framework to guide our project development."

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

"He won despite the rain."

"Despite the overwhelming odds, the determined team managed to secure a surprising victory in the championship game."

at or during a time that is recent

"They are newly married."

"They are newly married and are still getting used to living together and sharing all of their daily routines."

a very deep or seemingly bottomless hole or gorge in the earth or sea

"The diver stares into the dark abyss."

"The diver looked down into the dark abyss and felt a wave of vertigo overcome him."

a chemical element with a shiny, silvery-blue appearance, often used in the production of batteries and other metals and

"Cobalt is used in rechargeable batteries."

"Cobalt was a critical metal used in lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones."

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

"She is the CEO of a multinational corporation."

"The large multinational corporation has offices in over fifty different countries around the world."

‌to suggest that something is true or is the case

"The evidence points to his guilt."

"All of the evidence seems to point to the butler as the person who committed the crime."

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

"Aluminum pots are good."

"Aluminum is lightweight and resistant to corrosion making it ideal for aerospace and packaging applications."

to supply with the needed energy to make something work

"The battery powers the small device fully."

"The new solar panels can power an entire house during the day when the sun is shining brightly."

a rock that contains valuable mineral or metal

"Wealth was generated by extracting iron ore."

"The ore was processed at a smelter to separate the valuable copper from the waste rock."

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

"The extraction of oil damages the environment."

"The extraction of crude oil from the seabed required massive drilling platforms and specialized equipment."

to remove water from something like sediment, waste, or other materials

"They dewater the mining site."

"The mining company uses a specialized process to dewater the extraction site and remove excess groundwater."

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

"Convert the currency before traveling."

"The company plans to convert the old warehouse into modern loft apartments for young professionals seeking affordable housing in the city."

related to or living on land, rather than in the sea or air

"Turtles can be terrestrial."

"Turtles can be both aquatic and terrestrial depending on the species but some turtles live entirely on land away from any water sources."

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

"They excavated the ancient ruins."

"The team of archaeologists received permission to excavate the ancient burial site and search for valuable historical artifacts."

the distance below the top surface of something

"The pool has great depth."

"Divers explored the ocean's immense depth, discovering unknown marine life and geological formations."

to bring or gather fluids, such as blood or pus, to a specific area or point in the body

"Draw the blood."

"The inflammation caused fluid to draw to the affected area."

firm and stable in form, not like a gas or liquid

"The wall is solid."

"The solid oak table has been in our family for generations and still looks as good as new."

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

"A tiny particle floated."

"Scientists study the behavior of subatomic particles to understand the fundamental forces of the universe."

the outermost level of the land or sea

"Look at the surface."

"The submarine remained hidden beneath the ocean's surface for several days."

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

"She transfers money to her savings account."

"The student decided to transfer to a different university because she was unhappy with her current program of study."

any vehicle designed for travel across or through water

"Large cargo vessel arrived."

"The cargo vessel carried thousands of shipping containers across the Pacific Ocean to Los Angeles."

to obtain or isolate a specific substance or component by distillation or other methods of separation

"Extract the oil."

"Scientists are working to extract valuable compounds from the plant."

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

"He pumps air into the flat tire."

"The heart pumps blood through the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body."

to give off or release a substance like gas or liquid

"The factory can discharge waste."

"The volcano will discharge lava and ash during its eruption."

the quality of being careful and attentive to possible danger or risk

"Use caution when driving."

"Drivers are advised to exercise caution on the icy roads due to the hazardous weather conditions."

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

"It is massive."

"The construction project required a massive amount of resources and labor."

located close to a particular place or within a short distance

"We ate at a nearby restaurant."

"The nearby town was evacuated when the forest fire spread rapidly and residents were told to leave immediately."

to write something for the first time that needs corrections for the final presentation

"Draft a letter to the editor."

"The lawyer spent the entire weekend to draft a detailed contract that would protect his client's rights in the business deal."

to occupy a particular amount of space or time

"The book will take up space."

"This large sofa will take up too much space in our small living room, so we need a smaller one."

to have or hold something within or include something as a part of a larger entity or space

"This box contains old photographs."

"The old wooden box contained many valuable treasures that had been hidden for centuries."

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

"Nickel is a metal."

"The corrosion-resistant properties of nickel make it ideal for plating in harsh environments."

something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose

"Keep it in reserve."

"She kept a small reserve of cash for unexpected emergencies."

to change something in order to add variety to it

"The company needs to diversify its products."

"The company decided to diversify its products to reduce the risk of relying on only one source of income."

costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services

"Demand is increasing."

"As demand for electric vehicles increases manufacturers are investing billions of dollars in building new battery factories and expanding production capacity worldwide."

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

"Copper pipes carry the water."

"Copper is a soft reddish metal widely used in electrical wiring because it conducts electricity very well."

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

"The eagle is soaring."

"The soaring temperatures broke all previous records and the city opened cooling centers for residents without air conditioning."

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

"This tree yields delicious fruit every year."

"The fertile land is expected to yield a bountiful harvest of corn and soybeans this season."

to a large degree

"It is far better now."

"The station is not far from here so you can easily walk there in less than ten minutes."

surpassing others in terms of overall goodness or excellence

"The product is superior."

"The superior quality of the handmade furniture was obvious compared to the cheap factory made pieces."

materials that have no use and are unwanted

"We must reduce waste daily."

"It is important to separate your waste into recyclables and non-recyclables to help protect the environment and reduce pollution."

to make use of something for a particular purpose

"Employ your skills."

"We should employ innovative strategies to overcome these challenges."