Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 19 Vocabulary List

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

"Reproductive organs create offspring."

"The reproductive system includes the organs involved in producing offspring and it functions differently in males and females."

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

"It is cold, indeed."

"The journey was challenging, indeed, but the reward of reaching the summit was immense."

used to describe the typical or average value or amount based on a set of data or observations

"It rains on average."

"On average, students in this program achieve a high level of proficiency in their chosen field."

having all the necessary tools, supplies, or features for a specific purpose

"The lab is well-equipped."

"The new hospital is well-equipped with the latest medical technology and facilities."

to handle a difficult situation and deal with it successfully

"She learned to cope with anxiety."

"She learned various techniques to cope with stress after attending several mindfulness and meditation workshops."

with a lack of desire or a sense of resistance

"He agreed unwillingly."

"She reluctantly, and quite unwillingly, handed over the sensitive documents to the authorities."

someone who has a strong interest in a particular activity, subject, or hobby, and really loves learning about it and doing it

"The car enthusiast attends every auto show."

"The car enthusiast could identify any vintage vehicle by its engine sound alone."

a large quantity or amount of something

"The garden provides an abundance of vegetables."

"There is an abundance of fresh food available in the market during the harvest season."

together with something else

"He came along with his sister."

"She went to the party along with her best friend and they had a great time."

in a manner emphasizing the important nature of an action, event, or situation

"Crucially, he found the key."

"Crucially, the evidence presented in court proved the defendant's innocence beyond a reasonable doubt."

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

"There is a subtle difference."

"There is a subtle difference between the two shades of blue but you have to look closely to see it."

having a possibility of happening or being the case

"It is likely to snow."

"It is likely to rain tomorrow so you should bring an umbrella with you to work."

the process of gradually coming into existence

"The emergence of new ideas."

"The emergence of social media has fundamentally changed how people communicate and share information."

before the present moment or a specific time

"I previously worked at a bank."

"I previously worked at a bank for five years before I decided to change careers and become a teacher."

used to convey that someone or something is conforming to a particular standard, guideline, or expectation

"His actions in line with policy."

"The new regulations are in line with international standards for environmental protection and sustainability."

to the direction of north

"They traveled northward."

"The migrating birds flew steadily northward, following ancient instinctual pathways."

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

"A new generation arrives."

"Each generation faces unique challenges and opportunities that shape their perspective on the world."

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

"The cycle repeated again."

"The butterfly undergoes a complete metamorphosis during its life cycle."

the point or degree to which something extends

"What is the extent?"

"The full extent of the damage caused by the wildfire is still being assessed by authorities."

without being exact

"Roughly half of the students passed."

"Roughly half of the students passed the exam while the other half failed and will have to retake it."

a perceptible indication or clue of something not immediately obvious

"I saw a sign."

"The sudden silence was a clear sign that something unexpected was about to happen."

to gradually get used to or become comfortable with a new situation or reality

"I will adjust."

"It takes time to adjust to a completely new environment and cultural norms."

affected or strained by a force, influence, or condition

"He is under stress."

"The bridge is designed to withstand significant stress under extreme weather conditions."

not according to nature; not by natural means

"It looks unnaturally red."

"The experiment produced a substance that glowed unnaturally in the dark laboratory."

to make an effort to achieve or obtain something

"I seek help."

"Many individuals seek personal fulfillment through creative expression and intellectual challenges."

to collect various items or pieces of information into one place or format

"Pull together the data."

"The team had to pull together all the scattered research data to complete the report."

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

"The survey collected a lot of data."

"Analyzing big data requires sophisticated algorithms and powerful computational resources."

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

"This is a record."

"The library meticulously maintains a detailed record of every book accessioned into its collection."

to present an idea, opinion, or argument for consideration, often in a formal or structured setting

"Please submit your work."

"You must submit your proposal for review by the committee next week."

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

"She estimates the cost of repairs."

"The contractor estimated that the repairs would cost approximately five thousand dollars and take two weeks to complete."

the pattern or arrangement of objects, organisms, or phenomena across a range, area, or volume

"See the distribution."

"The study revealed an unusual distribution of the rare plant species across the mountain range."

fully developed and mature

"He is an adult."

"The museum exhibition featured a collection of contemporary art suitable for an adult audience."

something that is subject to change and can affect the result of a situation

"This is a variable."

"The unpredictable variable in the experiment caused a significant deviation from the expected results."

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

"My schedule is flexible."

"The flexible work schedule allows employees to choose their own hours as long as they complete their tasks each week."

to be the influencing factor that causes something to make progress

"Ambition will drive him."

"Her strong desire for success will drive her to work tirelessly towards achieving her goals."

considered a separate or distinct entity

"Each individual is unique."

"Every individual has the right to express their opinions freely."

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

"New trend became popular."

"The trend in sales continued for months."

the point or degree to which something extends

"What is the extent?"

"The full extent of the damage caused by the wildfire is still being assessed by authorities."

pleasantly small and attractive, often implying a sense of elegance

"Her feet are dainty."

"The dainty teacups were made of fine china and the hostess handled them carefully because they were antiques from her grandmother."

force applied to a material that produces strain or deformation

"Material stress is high."

"The extreme stress on the metal components led to their eventual failure."

to compel or force someone or something to come along against their will

"They drag him away."

"The authorities decided to drag the reluctant witness into court to testify."

during a period of time

"Across the river."

"The team worked tirelessly across the entire night to complete the critical project."

(biology) a community of plants or animals that live close to each other in the same place

"The coral reef had a colony."

"Scientists are studying the unique adaptations of the ant colony living beneath the desert surface."