Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

apply to a wrong thing or person; apply badly or incorrectly

"Don't misapply the rules."

"It is important not to misapply the principles of democracy in a way that undermines individual liberties."

appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use

"He misappropriated the money."

"The treasurer was accused of deliberately misappropriating company funds for personal gain and illegal activities."

to bring ideas, texts, things, etc. together and create something new

"Conflate the data points."

"The journalist was careful not to conflate the two separate issues in her report because they had very different causes and required different solutions."

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

"There is a subtle difference."

"There is a subtle difference between the two shades of blue but you have to look closely to see it."

to increase something to the highest possible level

"We need to maximize our profits."

"The company restructured its operations to maximize profits and reduce unnecessary expenses across all departments."

the quality of yielding the desired result

"Effectiveness is high."

"The effectiveness of the new vaccine was proven through rigorous clinical trials with thousands of volunteers."

planned, desired, or aimed for as a specific goal or objective

"This is the intended use."

"The intended use of this tool is for delicate repairs, not for heavy-duty construction work."

a mutual relationship between things, where one tends to influence the other

"Strong correlation exists."

"There is a strong correlation between regular exercise and good health according to many scientific studies."

the image or idea that is formed based on how one understands something

"Extrasensory perception is a controversial topic."

"Visual perception involves the brain's complex process of interpreting raw light signals from the retina."

to make someone want to do something by giving them a reason or encouragement

"Good teachers motivate their students."

"Good teachers know how to motivate their students by making lessons interesting and relevant to their lives."

not clear or specific, lacking in detail or precision

"His answer is vague."

"The instructions were vague and confusing so nobody knew what to do and the project was delayed for several days."

a supporter who usually speaks publicly in favor of a theory, idea, or plan

"He is a proponent of renewable energy."

"She is a strong proponent of environmental protection and works hard to save forests and rivers every day."

an abstract idea or concept formed by generalizing from particular instances

"Gender is a construct."

"The idea of national identity is often viewed as a social construct that evolves over time and across cultures."

focused or directed toward a specific goal, objective, or audience

"The campaign is targeted."

"The marketing campaign was highly targeted, ensuring that advertisements reached the most relevant consumer demographic."

in a way that seems opposite to what one would expect

"Paradoxically less is more."

"Paradoxically less is more when it comes to adding seasoning to the dish because too many spices can ruin the flavor."

an activity or situation that does not produce any benefit or value, and instead consumes time and resources that could be better utilized elsewhere

"Waiting for the bus is a waste of time."

"Waiting for the bus is a waste of time so he listens to podcasts to stay productive."

a piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject

"The student wrote an essay on climate change."

"A well-researched essay presents a coherent and persuasive argument on a given topic."

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

"It is cold, indeed."

"The journey was challenging, indeed, but the reward of reaching the summit was immense."

in a way that is true in most cases

"Generally speaking it is a good school."

"Generally speaking it is a good school but some of the teachers are better than others."

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

"Nota bene means "note well" in Latin."

"The nota bene at the bottom of the page warned readers about an important exception."

a series of methods by which a certain subject is studied or a particular activity is done

"The research methodology was carefully planned"

"The researcher's flawed methodology cast doubt on the validity of the entire experiment's results."

having an understanding or perception of something, often through careful thought or sensitivity

"I am aware of the danger."

"She was aware of the risks involved in starting a new business but she decided to take the chance anyway."

deserving of praise and respect due to excellent standards and positive attributes

"Her effort is admirable."

"The admirable courage of the firefighter saved the child from the burning building and the mayor awarded him a medal."

believing something that is not true, often because of being misled or refusing to accept reality

"He is deluded."

"The deluded man believed that he could fly and he jumped off the roof of his garage breaking both of his legs."

in a manner that is appropriate to the circumstances

"We acted accordingly to the rules."

"We acted accordingly to the rules and regulations and submitted all of the required documents before the deadline."

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

"A wide range of colors."

"The store offers an impressive range of artisanal cheeses from various European countries."

to show or make a thought, feeling, etc. known by looks, words, or actions

"Learn to express your feelings clearly."

"Art allows people to express their emotions and ideas without using words which can be very liberating."

a feeling of being uneasy, troubled, or worried about something such as problem, threat, uncertainty, etc.

"I have a concern."

"The growing concern about climate change is prompting global action and policy changes."

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

"The movement grew larger."

"The civil rights movement inspired millions to fight for equality and justice."

a means or tool used to express or achieve something

"Use this vehicle."

"Education serves as a powerful vehicle for social mobility and personal empowerment."

to show a particular quality, characteristic, or emotion

"It will reflect."

"Her genuine smile seemed to reflect the joy she felt in that moment."

to convey a speech, idea, etc. to an audience in a clear and effective manner

"He will deliver speech."

"The keynote speaker is expected to deliver a powerful message that will inspire innovation and encourage collaboration."

a young person who is in the process of becoming an adult

"The adolescent is moody."

"Navigating the challenges of adolescence requires support as the young person develops their identity and independence."

to become aware or conscious of something

"How do you perceive this situation?"

"Humans perceive the world through their five main senses which are sight hearing touch taste and smell working all together."

to communicate or portray a particular feeling, idea, impression, etc.

"It conveys a message."

"The artist's abstract painting manages to convey a profound sense of melancholy and existential longing."

to make null or cancel the effects of something

"Please undo the mistake."

"He tried to undo the damage caused by his careless words, but it was too late."

to be the influencing factor that causes something to make progress

"Ambition will drive him."

"Her strong desire for success will drive her to work tirelessly towards achieving her goals."

truly what something appears to be, without any falseness, imitation, or deception

"The bag is genuine leather."

"The bag is made of genuine leather so it will last for many years."

having the ability to be executed or done successfully

"The plan is viable."

"The startup needs a viable business plan before investors will give them any money."

a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation

"Work in the laboratory."

"The new laboratory is equipped with state-of-the-art technology for advanced scientific research."

to allocate, assign, or dispense something

"Administer the medicine."

"The committee will administer the funds fairly to all approved projects."

to doubt a fact or to call its truth into question

"Do not dispute it."

"He chose not to dispute the referee's controversial call during the intense match."

complete confidence in a person or plan etc

"Have faith in them."

"Despite numerous setbacks, she maintained her faith in the project's ultimate success."

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

"It has great capacity."

"The stadium has the capacity to hold over fifty thousand spectators."

a distinguishing quality that is considered a key part of someone or something's nature

"Honesty is a great attribute."

"Her most remarkable attribute was her unwavering dedication to helping others."

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

"It will serve well."

"This comprehensive report will serve as an excellent resource for future research endeavors."

a lecture or speech given to an audience on a specific subject

"He gave a talk."

"The distinguished professor delivered an insightful talk on the future of artificial intelligence."

used to express possibility or likelihood of something

"Perhaps we should wait."

"Perhaps we should ask the teacher for help because this math problem is really difficult to solve."

(of a policy, point of view, or situation) to become something different

"The policy will shift."

"The government announced a significant policy shift towards renewable energy sources."

to move away from one's area of interest or original path

"Do not turn away from me."

"The artist decided to turn away from traditional techniques to explore a more abstract style."

the inherent capability or ability to develop, achieve, or succeed in the future

"He has potential."

"The young athlete demonstrated considerable potential to excel in the upcoming national competition."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."

having a strong desire to win or succeed

"She is competitive."

"Her highly competitive nature drove her to consistently outperform her colleagues in every project."

something that is told or given to someone in order to give them hope or provide support

"Give him encouragement."

"Her words of encouragement gave him the confidence to pursue his ambitious goals."

to encourage or influence someone, or oneself, to work harder

"You must push yourself."

"The coach's motivational speech was designed to push the athletes to their absolute best."

to understand or assign meaning to something

"Interpret the meaning."

"It is difficult to interpret the abstract artist's intentions behind the provocative work."

to help or support the progress or development of something

"They promote equality."

"The organization works tirelessly to promote understanding and cooperation among diverse cultural communities worldwide."

to increase or enhance the amount, level, or intensity of something

"This drink will boost your energy."

"Drinking coffee can temporarily boost your energy levels and help you stay focused during work."

one's personal level of confidence, enthusiasm, and emotional well-being, especially in the context of facing challenges or adversity

"High team morale."

"Good leadership helped maintain high team morale during the difficult project period."

a factor, force, or influence that initiates or causes a particular action, process, or change

"He is a driver."

"Technological innovation has become a significant driver of economic growth in recent years."

done on purpose

"His mistake was deliberate."

"His mistake was deliberate because he wanted to get fired so he could collect unemployment benefits."

to try as hard as possible to achieve a goal

"Strive to be your best self."

"We should always strive to be better than we were yesterday instead of comparing ourselves to others."

formal approval, acknowledgment, or commendation

"Give him credit."

"She deserves considerable credit for her innovative approach to solving the problem."

to show improvement or favorable reactions in response to a specific action or intervention

"The patient will respond well."

"We are hopeful that the new treatment will cause the patient to respond favorably to the therapy."

to change something in a way that suits a new purpose or situation better

"We adapt quickly."

"Organisms must adapt to changing environmental conditions to survive and thrive in their habitats."

something that is believed to be a perfect solution to a problem, often in an unrealistic or overly hopeful way

"It is not an elixir."

"Many people search for a miracle elixir to solve all of life's complex problems."