Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

the quality of thoroughness and accuracy in approach or analysis

"The scientific study lacked rigor."

"The scientific study lacked rigor because the sample size was too small to draw conclusions."

for the greatest part

"The decision was largely based on cost."

"The decision was largely based on cost rather than quality because the company had a very tight budget to work with."

involving a significant numbers of people or a vast area

"The project is large-scale."

"The large scale construction project employed hundreds of workers and it took five years to complete the new highway."

an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

"The city plans an expansion."

"The expansion of the company into international markets required significant investment and careful planning over several years."

to consider something again in order to improve it or make a different decision

"Rethink your career choices seriously."

"The disappointing results forced the company to rethink its entire marketing strategy and approach to selling its products."

having multiple twists and turns

"The road is winding."

"The winding road through the mountains had many sharp turns so drivers had to slow down to avoid accidents."

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

"The bus is overcrowded."

"The small apartment felt extremely overcrowded with so many guests staying overnight."

to lay things on top of each other

"Pile the leaves in the corner."

"The children began to pile the leaves into a huge mound before jumping into them with joy and laughter."

in relation to or concerning someone or something

"Regarding your question I have no answer."

"Please call me regarding your application status as soon as you have any news."

ordered well

"The room is well-ordered."

"The librarian maintained a well-ordered system of cataloging to ensure easy access to all the books."

a low wall with alternating raised sections and indentations built along the top of a fortified structure for defensive purposes

"Battlements top medieval castle walls."

"Battlements are the notched parapets at the top of castle walls that protected defenders."

in accordance with a particular style, tradition, or expectation

"In keeping with the theme."

"In keeping with the festive spirit, the entire neighborhood decorated their houses with colorful lights and ornaments."

positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down

"The line is vertical."

"The vertical line goes straight up and down and is perpendicular to the horizontal line on the grid."

a set of stairs inside a building including its surrounding side parts that one can hold on to

"He climbed the old staircase."

"The grand marble staircase in the hotel lobby led up to the luxurious guest rooms."

not following established customs or norms

"Her style is unconventional."

"The unconventional teaching methods of the young instructor included games and music and her students loved coming to class."

during a specific period in the past

"At the time I did not understand."

"At the time I did not understand what was happening but later everything became clear to me."

used to emphasize or confirm a statement

"It is cold, indeed."

"The journey was challenging, indeed, but the reward of reaching the summit was immense."

to use something for personal gain in an unfair or dishonest manner

"They took advantage of him."

"The unscrupulous salesman tried to take advantage of the customer's lack of knowledge about the product."

left alone without interference or interruption

"The forest is undisturbed."

"The forest remained undisturbed for centuries until the loggers arrived with their machines."

having a refined and graceful appearance or style

"Her dress is elegant."

"The elegant ballroom was decorated with crystal chandeliers and fresh flowers and the guests danced until the early morning hours."

the study, planning, and development of cities and towns, including how they are designed and organized

"New Urbanism promotes walkable neighborhoods."

"New Urbanism promotes walkable neighborhoods with mixed use buildings and public transportation options."

the act of changing the arrangement or setup of parts or elements into a different form or order

"The reconfiguration of the office space creates more room."

"The reconfiguration of the office space creates more room by moving walls and adding cubicles."

to record something in writing

"Note the important dates on your calendar."

"Please note that the office will be closed for the holidays from December twenty fourth until January second."

a field of study that is typically taught in a university

"Physics is a discipline."

"Theoretical physics is a challenging academic discipline that requires a strong foundation in mathematics and abstract reasoning."

aware of and responsive to one's surroundings

"He is conscious of danger."

"She was conscious during the entire surgery and could hear the doctors talking while they worked on her knee."

the creation of something in the mind

"This is my conception."

"The architect's innovative conception of the building's design was inspired by natural forms."

the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual

"That is his thought."

"The prevailing thought of the Enlightenment era emphasized reason and individualism."

well-known or easily recognizable due to importance, influence, or distinct features

"He is a prominent figure."

"The prominent scientist was invited to speak at the international conference about climate change and its effects on coastal cities."

to actively promote or publicize a product, service, or idea

"We will push the product."

"The marketing team will aggressively push the new software to increase market share."

to fill someone with the desire or motivation to do something, especially something creative or positive

"Great leaders inspire others daily."

"The young athlete hopes to inspire others with her story of overcoming injury and achieving her dreams."

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

"The castle is medieval."

"The medieval castle had thick stone walls and a moat to protect the king from invading armies during times of war."

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

"Identify the object."

"Investigators worked tirelessly to identify the source of the mysterious signals emanating from deep space."

functioning as a unified unit, with various parts or elements working together harmoniously

"The team is coordinated."

"The coordinated efforts of the emergency services ensured a swift and effective response to the crisis."

incoherent or chaotic in nature

"It is disordered."

"His thoughts were so disordered that he struggled to articulate a coherent sentence."

a basic version of something, often created to outline or test ideas before the final version

"The architect made a quick sketch of the proposed building."

"She drew a quick sketch of the landscape before painting it."

a group of particular objects put together and considered as a whole

"I like this collection."

"The museum unveiled an impressive collection of rare artifacts from ancient civilizations."

to make something by putting separate parts of something together

"Assemble the furniture using the instructions."

"It took him nearly two hours to assemble the new bookshelf because the instructions were very confusing and poorly written."

(of ideas, products, etc.) creative and unlike anything else that exists

"This is an innovative idea."

"The company's innovative approach to renewable energy has positioned it as a leader in the industry."

to rebuild or reimagine something from the past, often using research or gathered information

"We will reconstruct it."

"Historians will attempt to reconstruct the events of the lost civilization through archaeological evidence."

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

"The foundation is strong."

"A solid concrete foundation is essential for the stability of any large building."

to extend or pass in a specific direction

"The road will run."

"The scenic highway will run along the coast, offering breathtaking ocean views."

items made or produced for sale

"These goods are cheap."

"The store received a new shipment of high-quality goods from its international suppliers this morning."

grand and wast in scale, scope, or extent

"The room is spacious."

"The architect designed a spacious hall that could accommodate a large number of guests comfortably."

bringing enjoyment and happiness

"The day was pleasant."

"They enjoyed a pleasant evening stroll through the park, admiring the blooming flowers and gentle breeze."

involving logical thinking or sensible reasoning

"This is a rational decision."

"He made a rational choice after carefully considering all the available evidence."

having the same quality, level, or effect throughout

"He is consistent."

"Her performance has been consistently excellent throughout the entire competition."

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

"The telephone was a major innovation."

"The company's innovation in battery technology gave it a competitive advantage over other manufacturers."

to be connected or joined in some way

"These ideas link together."

"The new evidence seems to link the suspect directly to the crime scene."

(of a place or space) located outside in a natural or open-air setting, without a roof or walls

"We love outdoor activities."

"The outdoor concert was canceled because of the heavy rain and strong winds that arrived suddenly."

(of buildings) having many floors

"The apartment is in a high-rise building."

"The apartment is in a high rise building on the thirtieth floor with a great view."

to make use of a situation, opportunity, or resource in a way that benefits oneself or achieves a desired outcome

"Take advantage of this offer."

"We should take advantage of the good weather to go for a hike."

located on the inside part of a particular thing

"The interior is dark."

"The interior of the church is beautiful with high ceilings stained glass windows and wooden pews for the congregation to sit on."

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

"We will implement the change."

"The company plans to implement a new software system to streamline its customer service operations."

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

"The movement grew larger."

"The civil rights movement inspired millions to fight for equality and justice."

a very large, fancy, and beautiful house that usually belongs to someone very rich

"It is a palace."

"The opulent palace, adorned with intricate gold leaf, was a testament to the monarch's immense wealth."

related to a style in art, design, literature, or architecture that uses new and simple ideas, moving away from old or traditional styles

"The building is modernist."

"The modernist building was made of concrete and glass and its simple geometric shapes contrasted with the ornate historic structures nearby."