Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

to give someone or something a different name, often to show affection or emphasize a particular trait

"Fans nickname the athlete "The Flash"."

"The fans nicknamed the famous basketball player Air Jordan because of his incredible ability to jump high and fly through the air."

to be without or to not have enough of something that is needed or desirable

"He lacks confidence in his abilities."

"The report lacks sufficient evidence to support its claims about the effectiveness of the new drug."

indicating a large number of something

"He has numerous friends."

"There are numerous reasons to exercise regularly including better health more energy and improved mood."

a solid, round part that moves back and forth inside a hollow tube in an engine or machine, helping to push or pull gases or liquids, or to turn pressure into movement

"The piston moves up and down inside the cylinder."

"The engine's piston slid smoothly within the cylinder, converting combustion pressure into rotational force."

showing a difference when compared to something else

"In contrast to him, she is quiet."

"In contrast to the bustling city, the countryside offered a peaceful and tranquil escape for the weekend."

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

"Gasoline is a hydrocarbon fuel made only from hydrogen and carbon atoms."

"A hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms"

in a way that is remarkable or notable, often causing a sense of admiration or awe

"He sang impressively."

"The young pianist played impressively and the crowd gave him a standing ovation at the end of his performance."

an impressive or remarkable achievement or accomplishment, often requiring great skill or strength

"Climbing is amazing feat."

"Climbing Mount Everest is an amazing feat that requires great courage and serious physical preparation."

a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

"The heading shows the topic."

"Each chapter begins with a clear heading that summarizes its main content."

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

"The conditions were harsh."

"The harsh winter conditions made travel extremely difficult and dangerous for everyone."

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

"Teachers assess student performance regularly."

"The teacher will assess the students' performance based on their homework participation and final exam scores."

actions or information that are meant to gain the support or attention of the public

"Bad publicity damaged company."

"The company received a lot of bad publicity after the scandal became public knowledge."

a vehicle powered by a steam engine, typically fueled by burning combustible material

"The steam car was popular in the early 1900s."

"The steam car was popular in the early 1900s and used a steam engine instead of gasoline."

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

"Base your decision on evidence."

"The movie is based on a true story about a soldier who saved many lives during the war."

made smaller in size or scale, often while retaining essential features or functions

"The camera is miniaturized."

"Modern electronics often feature miniaturized components that allow for smaller, more portable devices."

to set something on fire

"He lights the candle with a match."

"She used a match to light the candles on the birthday cake for her son."

used to introduce additional information

"Furthermore I need more money."

"The plan is too expensive furthermore it is risky and might not even work at all."

the process of refilling or restoring something to its original level or condition

"The replenishment of supplies arrived."

"The store needs regular stock replenishment to keep all shelves full for customers."

a flaw or weakness that reduces the quality or effectiveness of something or someone

"His main shortcoming was impatience."

"His only shortcoming as a manager was his impatience with slow workers though he was otherwise fair and supportive."

done or made or performed with purpose and intent

"The chair was designed well."

"This ergonomic chair was specifically designed to provide maximum comfort during long work hours."

moved forward by its own force or momentum

"The toy car is self-propelled."

"The new model of lawnmower is self-propelled, making it much easier to push across the yard."

to convey or move people or items back and forth between locations

"Buses shuttle passengers to the airport."

"Buses shuttle passengers between the airport terminal and the long term parking lot every fifteen minutes."

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

"Every citizen has the right to vote."

"A responsible citizen always follows the laws and helps improve the community."

a type of motor that burns fuel inside cylinders to generate power for vehicles or machinery

"The engine burns fuel."

"The roar of the internal combustion engine signaled the powerful acceleration of the sports car."

a liquid used by cars, trucks, etc. as a fuel

"The gasoline is mixed with ethanol."

"The gasoline is mixed with ethanol and has an octane rating of eighty seven."

in small amounts over a long period of time

"The sun gradually rose over the mountains."

"The sun gradually rose over the mountains and the sky turned from dark blue to soft pink and orange."

to gradually stop using, producing, or providing something

"The company is phasing out old models."

"The company plans to phase out its older product line over the next two years as customers switch to the newer models."

to revive or renew something, such as a relationship or interest, that has faded

"They rekindle their romance after many years."

"They hoped to rekindle their passion for painting after a long period of creative block."

to be made up of various components or parts within a whole

"The team comprises eight members."

"The delegation will comprise representatives from ten different countries who will discuss trade issues and negotiate new agreements."

destroyed in an accident

"The boat was wrecked."

"After the storm, the small fishing boat was found completely wrecked on the shore."

a time in the past when someone or something was at its best, most successful, or most admired

"She remembers glory days."

"The aging athlete often reminisced about his glory days when he was a champion."

a handle that is turned by hand to operate a machine or device

"Turn the hand crank now."

"To start the old generator, you must vigorously turn the hand crank several times."

a loud and repeated banging or rattling sound made when hard objects hit or move against each other

"I heard clattering."

"The clattering of dishes in the kitchen signaled that dinner was almost ready."

the state of being helpful or useful for a specific situation

"For convenience the store is open twenty four hours."

"For convenience the store is open twenty four hours a day seven days a week."

to lead or attract someone toward a specific place, situation, or course of action, often by exerting an appealing force or influence

"The music will draw you."

"The museum's unique exhibits and interactive displays are designed to draw visitors of all ages."

a particular type of business or industry that deals with buying and selling goods or services

"It is a good trade."

"The import/export trade is a vital component of the global economy."

surpassing others in terms of overall goodness or excellence

"The product is superior."

"The superior quality of the handmade furniture was obvious compared to the cheap factory made pieces."

to generate the power necessary to make a machine work

"Electricity did drive the machine."

"The powerful electric motor will drive the industrial machinery at full capacity."

very similar to the actual thing in almost every way

"It's a virtual copy."

"The virtual reality simulation provided an immersive and virtually indistinguishable experience from the real thing."

to release gases or odors into the air

"The factory emit smoke."

"Industrial facilities must take measures to limit the amount of harmful gases they emit."

any property detected by the olfactory system

"The aroma is lovely."

"The rich aroma of freshly brewed coffee filled the kitchen, enticing everyone to wake up."

occurring or moving with great speed

"The bird was swift."

"Her swift response to the emergency call undoubtedly saved the patient's life."

to make a vehicle, machine or object move more quickly

"The car will accelerate."

"The driver pressed the gas pedal to accelerate onto the highway and merge safely with the fast moving traffic."

the rate at which a vehicle increases its speed over a specific distance or time

"Watch the acceleration."

"The car's impressive acceleration allowed it to gain a significant lead in the opening laps."

coming immediately after a person or thing in time, place, or rank

"The following day was sunny."

"The following day after the storm the sun finally came out and people began to clean up the damage."

a defining or distinctive feature of something

"The most interesting aspect is the historical context."

"One important aspect of the job was the ability to work well under pressure."

to transfer knowledge, traditions, or skills to another person or group, often to ensure they are preserved or continued

"Pass on the old stories."

"The grandfather wanted to pass on his knowledge of woodworking to his grandson before he got too old to teach him properly."

of the kind or quality used in commerce; average or inferior

"This is a commercial product."

"The company decided to sell a less expensive, more commercial version of their luxury item."

a request for a specific item or service to be provided

"Please order the food."

"The waiter took our order and brought our drinks while we waited for the main course to arrive."

to begin to exist or become noticeable

"Problems arise when people are careless."

"Problems may arise during the project, but the team is prepared to handle any unexpected challenges."

basic and simple, lacking modern features or advancements

"This is a primitive tool."

"The indigenous tribe still uses primitive methods for hunting and survival."

a system or network of tracks with the trains, organization, and people needed to operate them

"The railway connects the port to the city."

"The railway connected the inland coal mines to the coastal ports for export."

to develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period

"Species evolve over long periods."

"The company's business model has evolved significantly over the past decade to keep up with changing market demands and new technologies."

to receive or be left with a situation, object, or condition from a predecessor or former owner

"He will inherit the house."

"She was shocked to inherit a substantial debt along with the family business from her uncle."

a closed vessel in which water is heated to create steam or hot water, used for heating buildings, producing electricity, or powering machines

"The boiler heats the building."

"The old boiler in the basement finally broke down, so they had to install a new one before winter."

to make something more powerful, intense, or larger in quantity

"We will build up strength."

"The politician tried to build up public support through a series of well-placed speeches."

a large container or storage tank used for collecting and holding water or other fluids

"The reservoir is full."

"The city's main reservoir provides a vital supply of fresh water for millions of residents."

a passenger railcar or coach

"The carriage was old."

"They traveled in a luxurious private carriage pulled by two magnificent white horses."

to manage or control the working of a machine, process, or system to ensure it performs its intended function

"Please operate the machine."

"The technician will operate the complex machinery to ensure optimal performance and prevent any breakdowns."

(of a vehicle or its engine) to experience an explosion in the engine or exhaust system due to improper timing, causing a loud noise or malfunction

"The car will backfire."

"If the timing is off, the engine might backfire, creating a loud popping sound and potential damage."

to reduce in amount, size, intensity, etc.

"His health began to decline rapidly."

"His health began to decline rapidly after he stopped taking his prescribed medication regularly."

to cause engines or machines to operate, function, or perform their designated tasks

"Can you run the engine?"

"The mechanic will run the engine to check for any unusual noises or vibrations."

an early or preliminary model of something from which other forms are developed or copied

"The engineers tested a prototype of the new electric engine."

"The team built a working prototype to test the new software's core functionalities before full development."

to have something in mind as a plan or purpose

"He intends to visit his parents soon."

"She intends to apply for the manager position because she has the required qualifications and experience."

an electric motor for starting an engine

"The starter motor failed."

"A faulty starter is often the reason why a car engine refuses to turn over when you try to start it."

to set up a system, device, software, or components in a specific way to achieve a desired functionality

"We must configure the settings."

"The IT department will configure the new servers to ensure optimal performance and network integration."