Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

the capability to read and write

"Literacy helps you read books."

"Digital literacy is essential for navigating today's technology-driven world effectively."

the process by which a fictional character is portrayed and transformed throughout a story

"Character development shows change over time."

"The character development showed the selfish hero learning empathy through the consequences of his cruel actions."

relating to or concerning written or printed material

"The analysis is textual."

"The textual analysis of the novel examined the author's use of language and symbolism to convey the theme of isolation."

to publicly support or recommend something

"She advocates for environmental protection policies."

"The environmental group advocates for stronger government regulations to reduce carbon emissions from factories and power plants."

the act or state of avoiding excess or extremes in thought, behavior, or action

"Eating in moderation is healthy."

"Doctors always advise patients to practice moderation in eating and drinking."

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

"Honesty is a virtue."

"Patience is a virtue that can be cultivated through practice and self-awareness."

the action or fact of achieving a goal or an aim

"The attainment of a college degree requires hard work."

"The attainment of a college degree requires hard work and dedication over several years of study."

very big or wide in scale or scope

"She uses a macro lens."

"The macro lens allows photographers to capture tiny insects and flowers in extreme detail that the naked eye cannot see."

with regard to formal education or scholarly activities

"He is academically gifted."

"The student is academically gifted and she received scholarships from several prestigious universities."

a British or Canadian secondary school that provides a broad curriculum to students of all abilities and backgrounds, without selecting based on academic ability

"The comprehensive school admits all students regardless of ability."

"The comprehensive school admits all students regardless of ability and does not select based on academic testing."

in a way that is guided by natural understanding or instinct

"He intuitively knew the answer."

"He intuitively knew the answer without having to think about it because he had solved similar problems many times before."

pleasing and likely to arouse interest or desire

"The job offer is appealing."

"The idea of a tropical vacation proved incredibly appealing to the weary office workers."

an individual or group with an interest in the success of an organization, project, or initiative

"Every stakeholder attended the meeting."

"A stakeholder is not just a shareholder; the term includes any individual or group who can affect or is affected by the actions of a business"

to agree to be in charge of a situation

"She took the lead in the race."

"The young athlete surged ahead in the final lap to take the lead and win the gold medal."

a feeling of great excitement and passion

"Her enthusiasm for the project was contagious."

"Her enthusiasm for the new project was contagious and motivated the entire team to work harder."

feeling ashamed and uncomfortable because of something that happened or was said

"He felt embarrassed."

"He felt deeply embarrassed when he realized he had accidentally sent the private message to the entire group."

to reach the highest point of a mountain or peak

"They will summit the mountain."

"After weeks of arduous climbing, the team finally managed to summit the treacherous peak."

someone who strays or falls behind

"The hiker waits for the straggler to catch up."

"The hiker waits for the straggler to catch up before continuing down the mountain trail."

a relaxed walk taken for enjoyment

"They take a leisurely stroll through the park."

"They take a leisurely stroll through the park every evening after dinner to relax."

ordinariness as a consequence of being average and not outstanding

"The team's mediocrity frustrates the fans."

"The team's mediocrity frustrates the fans who expect championships and winning seasons every year."

of or relating to pedagogy

"The method is pedagogical."

"The pedagogical approach of the school emphasizes hands on learning and students spend much of their time doing experiments and projects."

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

"He is arguably the best player."

"He is arguably the best player in the league and many experts believe he will win the MVP award."

to give special attention or importance to something

"Give special attention to this."

"The speaker will emphasize the key takeaways from the presentation for everyone to remember."

located closer to the center of the body or the point where a limb or structure attaches to the main body

"The bone is proximal."

"The proximal end of the bone is closer to the center of the body and the distal end is farther away."

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

"You can achieve anything with hard work."

"With hard work and determination anyone can achieve their dreams regardless of their background or circumstances."

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

"Build strong scaffolding."

"Workers build strong scaffolding around the building before starting repair work on the upper floors."

without taking into consideration or being influenced by a particular factor or condition

"He went regardless of the danger."

"Regardless of the cost we must buy the best equipment for the hospital."

natural talent or ability in a particular skill or area

"He has a natural aptitude for mathematics."

"He has a natural aptitude for mathematics and solves complex problems faster than his classmates."

very stupid behavior that could develop into a dangerous situation

"The reckless decision seemed like pure madness"

"It was sheer madness to drive through the blizzard with no winter tires or chains."

involving people who have different levels of skill, knowledge, or ability in the same group

"The class is mixed-ability."

"The mixed ability classroom includes students with different skill levels and the teacher adapts lessons to meet everyone's needs."

an incident or event, either real or imagined, that is depicted or described with specific details and context

"It was a sad scene."

"The detective meticulously reconstructed the crime scene, noting every minute detail."

an example of a certain kind of situation

"This is a common case."

"In this particular case, the evidence strongly suggests innocence."

a short portion or segment taken from a larger work, such as a book, speech, or document

"Read this extract."

"The professor shared a fascinating extract from a historical document during the lecture."

easy to understand or use

"This is friendly software."

"The user interface is designed to be extremely friendly for beginners."

a situation or requirement that necessitates relief or assistance

"We have a demand."

"The sudden surge in demand for electricity put a strain on the power grid."

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

"Identify the object."

"Investigators worked tirelessly to identify the source of the mysterious signals emanating from deep space."

hesitant, timid, and not having enough confidence

"He was tentative about the plan."

"Her tentative steps into public speaking gradually gave way to confident pronouncements."

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

"The plot of the movie was too complicated to follow."

"The plot of the novel kept readers guessing until the very last chapter."

something that is expressed through things one says or writes

"Her statement was clear."

"He made a statement to the police after the accident."

to want to know about something particular

"She wonders about the future often."

"I often wonder what my life would be like if I had chosen a different career path."

having or displaying a strong love or enthusiasm for something

"She is passionate about art."

"His passionate dedication to environmental causes inspired many to join the movement."

the act of participating or being actively involved in something

"What is your engagement?"

"The community's engagement in the local environmental initiative has led to significant positive changes."

a difference, particularly an unwanted one, causing separation between two people, situations, or opinions

"There is a gap."

"There was a significant gap between their opinions on the new policy."

a business, institution, or facility that operates from a particular place

"The new establishment opened."

"This historic establishment has been serving the community for over a century with its excellent services."

very careful or meticulous in choosing only the best or most suitable options

"She is selective."

"As a selective reader, she only chooses books that promise intellectual stimulation and depth."

capable of thinking and learning in a good and quick way

"She is a bright student."

"The bright young scientist quickly grasped the complex theories and contributed innovative ideas to the research project."

a group of students who are taught together in the same class or classes, typically based on their academic ability or chosen subjects

"The science stream requires advanced math."

"The science stream requires advanced math and students are grouped by ability level."

a comparison between two different things, done to explain the similarities between them

"Make good analogy."

"The teacher made a good analogy to help students understand the difficult concept more easily yesterday."

quick and energetic in movement or action

"The walk was brisk."

"The brisk walk in the cold air woke her up and she felt ready to face the busy day ahead."

a person's speed when walking, moving, or running

"Her pace was fast."

"The runner maintained a steady pace throughout the marathon, eventually securing a respectable finish."

to gradually decrease in intensity, strength, importance, size, influence, etc.

"The moon's light began to wane."

"The moon began to wane after reaching its full brightness and gradually became smaller and smaller each night."

at the same time but often somewhere else

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner."

"Meanwhile I will prepare dinner while you set the table and pour the drinks for everyone."

to put a great deal of effort to overcome difficulties or achieve a goal

"Many students struggle with math."

"Many students struggle with time management during their first year of university because they have more freedom."

to move or progress at the same rate as someone or something else

"Keep up with the class."

"It's challenging to keep up with the rapid advancements in technology these days."

to do something that causes a person become uninterested, tired, or impatient

"The lecture bores the students."

"The long repetitive lecture began to bore the students who struggled to keep their eyes open."

to make someone feel annoyed or upset for not being able to achieve what they desire

"The puzzle frustrated him greatly."

"The difficult puzzle frustrated the child who could not figure out the correct solution despite trying many different approaches for a long time."

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

"He burned out from overwork."

"Many employees in high stress jobs eventually burn out after years of working long hours without adequate rest."

to feel discomfort, distress, or unease due to a particular condition or situation

"I suffer from cold."

"Many people suffer from seasonal allergies during the spring and fall months."

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

"The farm is run as a collective where everyone shares the work."

"A collective is a cooperative enterprise where members jointly own and democratically control the means of production"

to remain in use, fashion, or existence over time

"Old customs prevail."

"Despite technological advancements, traditional methods often prevail in certain artisanal crafts."

a selection of theories and ideas that explain how a particular school, subject, or discipline is generally understood

"A new paradigm emerged."

"The discovery of DNA fundamentally shifted the paradigm of biological research."

a learning theory that suggests learners actively construct their understanding of the world through experiences and reflection

"This is constructivism."

"Constructivism emphasizes the importance of active learning and personal knowledge construction through experience."

to become apparent after a period of development, transformation, or investigation

"Truths emerge slowly."

"After months of investigation, the truth began to emerge from the shadows."

a specific area with unique characteristics

"The no-parking zone is strictly enforced."

"The coastal zone was vulnerable to flooding during hurricanes and tropical storms."

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

"This is a development."

"The rapid development of renewable energy technologies is crucial for combating climate change."

without assistance from others

"He worked independently."

"After years of training, the young entrepreneur decided to launch her business independently."

(of a person) able to do things and make decisions independently

"She is autonomous."

"The highly autonomous researcher was capable of managing her own projects without supervision."

to be a direct or logical consequence of something

"This will follow that."

"The economic downturn will likely follow the unexpected political instability."

(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money

"This method is efficient."

"The efficient new washing machine uses less water and electricity than the old model which saves money on utility bills."

a method of teaching where students are divided into groups based on their level of ability or performance

"They use streaming."

"The school implemented a streaming policy to better address the diverse learning needs of students."

a teaching method where students are placed into different courses or learning paths based on their abilities, performance, or future goals

"The teacher uses tracking."

"The university employs a sophisticated tracking system to guide students toward appropriate academic pathways."

to find out the cause of a problem or issue by carefully examining the situation or system

"Can you diagnose it?"

"The mechanic will diagnose the engine problem to determine the necessary repairs."