Test 3 - Listening - Part 3 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

"Automation uses machines now."

"Robotic process automation has significantly reduced the time needed to handle customer requests."

something that helps a person realize something new or different about a situation or a person

"The documentary about poverty is a real eye-opener."

"The documentary about poverty was a real eye opener and changed my perspective completely."

to show disagreement by taking action or expressing it verbally, particularly in public

"The students plan to protest tomorrow."

"The students decided to protest against the university's decision to increase tuition fees for the third consecutive year."

a textile machine that makes knitted fabrics

"The knitting machine produces sweaters quickly."

"The knitting machine produces sweaters quickly and can make complex patterns automatically."

after doing or considering everything

"Ultimately the decision is yours."

"Ultimately the decision is yours to make but I strongly recommend that you consider all the options carefully."

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

"Industrialization changed the country greatly."

"Import substitution industrialization is a trade policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production to boost a local economy."

during a specific period in the past

"At the time I did not understand."

"At the time I did not understand what was happening but later everything became clear to me."

having a hopeful and positive outlook on life, expecting good things to happen

"She is optimistic about the future."

"The optimistic entrepreneur believed that her new business would succeed despite the difficult economic conditions."

***contrary to how things usually happen or in order to introduce variety

"Let's eat Italian for a change."

"Let us go to the Italian restaurant for a change instead of eating at the same place every week."

a period of time extending into the future

"The long term effects of the drug are unknown."

"The long term effects of the drug are unknown because it has not been studied for many years."

capable of being reasonably predicted

"The future is foreseeable."

"The foreseeable future looks bright for the company because they have secured several large contracts and increased their market share."

someone whose job is to keep or check financial accounts

"Professional accountant works."

"The professional accountant prepares accurate financial reports for the company every single month carefully."

greatly desired

"Skilled workers are in demand."

"Skilled software engineers are in high demand and companies compete to hire them with generous salaries and benefits."

care for the hair: the activity of washing or cutting or curling or arranging the hair

"She studies hairdressing at the technical college."

"She studies hairdressing at the technical college and hopes to open her own salon one day."

someone ‌whose job is to cut, wash and style hair

"The hairdresser cut ten centimeters off her hair."

"My hairdresser suggested a completely new style and although I was nervous the result turned out surprisingly well."

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

"Her job is administrative."

"The administrative assistant was responsible for scheduling meetings answering phones and organizing files for the entire department."

to a great or vast degree

"The team benefited enormously from her help."

"The team benefited enormously from her experience and she taught them many valuable skills and techniques."

matter that has been dictated and transcribed; a dictated passage

"The teacher reads the passage for dictation."

"The teacher reads the passage for dictation and students write what they hear in their notebooks."

related to the practice or science of farming

"The land is agricultural."

"The agricultural fair featured cows pigs sheep and giant pumpkins grown by local farmers in the area."

a periodic count of the population

"The census counts every person in the country."

"The census counts every person in the country and helps distribute government funding fairly."

in a manner that almost does not exist or occur

"I could barely hear the speaker."

"I could barely hear the speaker because the microphone was not working properly and the room was very noisy."

the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

"The average lifespan of a mouse is two years."

"The average lifespan of a wild elephant was about sixty to seventy years in its natural habitat."

a machine that allows customers to perform financial transactions such as withdrawals, deposits, transfers, etc.

"The automated teller machine is broken."

"She stopped at the automated teller machine to withdraw cash before going to the farmer's market where most vendors did not accept credit cards."

an employee at a bank responsible for handling financial transactions, such as receiving and paying out money

"The bank clerk verifies the customer's signature."

"The bank clerk verifies the customer's signature and processes the withdrawal request carefully."

able to have much impact on someone or something

"He is influential."

"The influential book changed the way people thought about economics and its ideas are still debated by experts today."

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

"Teaching is rewarding."

"Teaching can be a rewarding career because you have the opportunity to make a positive difference in young people's lives."

regularly and with short time in between

"He frequently travels abroad for work."

"He frequently travels abroad for work and spends a lot of time in airports and hotels around the world."

prone to danger or harm

"Your health is at risk if you smoke."

"Children who are not vaccinated are at risk of contracting serious and preventable diseases."

to a significantly large extent or by a considerable amount

"His health improved dramatically."

"His health improved dramatically after the treatment and he was able to return to work within a few weeks."

income (after taxes) that is available to you for saving or spending

"Increased disposable income leads to more spending."

"Increased disposable income leads to more spending on luxury goods and entertainment services."

the vertical distance or height between the springing point and the highest point of the arch

"The arch's rise is very steep."

"The rise of an arch is the vertical distance from the springing line to the underside of the crown."

a person whose job is to look after people who are sick, elderly, or need help with daily activities

"The care worker helps the elderly with daily tasks."

"The care worker helps the elderly with daily tasks like bathing dressing and preparing meals."

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

"It is massive."

"The construction project required a massive amount of resources and labor."

of or relating to fabrics or fabric making

"This is textile art."

"The textile factory employed hundreds of workers who operated looms to weave cotton into fabric for clothing."

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

"The storm threaten us."

"The aggressive rhetoric from the opposing party began to threaten the stability of the government."

referring to something that involves repeating the same actions or elements multiple times, often leading to boredom or dissatisfaction

"The work is repetitive."

"The repetitive nature of the assembly line job bored the workers and they listened to music to pass the time."

a period of time when one is free from duties and can do fun activities or relax

"Leisure is valuable."

"She used her leisure time to rest and enjoy simple things."

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

"The telephone was a major innovation."

"The company's innovation in battery technology gave it a competitive advantage over other manufacturers."

to stop working after reaching retirement age or for other reasons

"He will put out soon."

"After forty years of dedicated service, the veteran decided to put out and enjoy retirement."

(of a person) capable of performing tasks with the least amount of wasted time, effort, or resources

"She is very efficient."

"The efficient manager streamlined the workflow, significantly increasing the team's productivity and reducing errors."

used to multiply a number by another

"Three times four is twelve."

"Three times five equals fifteen so you need to practice your multiplication tables."

to be able to pay the cost of something

"She cannot afford a new car now."

"We cannot afford to buy a new car right now because we are saving for a house."

a group of people who work for a particular company or organization

"The staff were helpful."

"The staff cleaned the room after the meeting and made sure everything was ready for the next group."

someone who works in an office as someone's assistance, dealing with mail and phone calls, keeping records, making appointments, etc.

"The secretary answered the phone."

"The secretary organized the meeting schedule and handled the office details efficiently."

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

"What is your current employment status?"

"Social status is very important in some traditional societies."

a person who has completed the requirements for a degree from a university or college and has been awarded it

"The graduate receives a diploma."

"The graduate receives a diploma and shakes the dean's hand as she walks across the stage."

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

"This is a key sector."

"The technology sector has experienced rapid growth, driving innovation and creating numerous job opportunities."

to insert or add something into a particular place or situation, often making it part of the whole

"They will introduce change."

"The company plans to introduce new software to streamline their workflow."

(of situations) not giving any or much hope or encouragement

"The future looks bleak."

"The future looks bleak for the company because sales have been falling for five consecutive quarters."

no longer employed because there is no more work available or the position is no longer necessary

"My job is redundant."

"Due to automation, his position became redundant, necessitating a career change."

not achieving the desired outcome or intended result

"The medicine is ineffective."

"The ineffective treatment did not improve the patient's condition and the doctors decided to try a different medication instead."

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

"She accepted the criticism calmly."

"The harsh criticism from the reviewer left the artist feeling deeply discouraged about his work."

the typical way a person thinks or feels about something or someone, often affecting their behavior and decisions

"Her attitude is positive."

"His positive attitude towards challenges helped him succeed where others gave up after facing initial difficulties or setbacks."

capable of being accepted or explained as reasonable given the circumstances

"His anger is understandable."

"Her frustration was understandable because she had been waiting for the bus for over an hour in the cold rain."

(of a person) uncertain or hesitant about something

"He is doubtful about it."

"She felt doubtful about whether she had made the correct decision during the negotiation."

to need or demand something as necessary for a particular purpose or situation

"This job requires five years experience."

"This job requires at least five years of experience in a similar role as well as excellent communication skills."

a skill or personal quality that makes someone suitable for a particular job or activity

"She has a good qualification."

"Her extensive experience in project management is a valuable qualification for the demanding role."