Test 2 - Listening - Part 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

including or consisting of many different types

"The menu is varied."

"The menu offers varied options including vegetarian vegan and gluten free dishes so everyone can find something they like to eat."

animals that are kept on a farm, such as cows, pigs, or sheep

"The farmer raised livestock for meat."

"The farmer keeps livestock such as cows, pigs, and sheep on his large farm."

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

"The vegetation here is green."

"The dense tropical vegetation along the riverbank provides a habitat for many rare species."

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

"Factory waste contaminates the nearby river water."

"The chemical spill contaminated the local river and killed thousands of fish living in the polluted water."

a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite

"Fluorine is a highly reactive gas."

"The highly reactive gas fluorine was rarely found in its pure form in nature."

used to indicate the outcome of a preceding action or situation

"As a result, he won."

"The company invested heavily in new technology; as a result, their productivity significantly increased."

airborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event

"Radioactive fallout from the nuclear test spread over many miles."

"The radioactive fallout from the nuclear accident contaminated the soil and water for many miles around the damaged power plant."

strange or unexpected in appearance, style, or behavior

"That is bizarre."

"The artist's bizarre sculptures, made from recycled materials, challenged conventional notions of beauty and form."

a long period of time when there is not much raining

"The drought killed all the crops."

"A drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall"

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

"The Nile River is the longest river in Africa."

"The Nile River was the longest river in Africa and supported ancient Egyptian civilization."

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

"Famine causes many deaths yearly."

"A man-made famine is a catastrophic food crisis caused directly by political decisions"

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

"The mortality rate from the disease is high."

"The mortality rate from the disease decreased dramatically after the vaccine became widely available."

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

"Presumably he forgot about our meeting."

"Presumably he will arrive later today because his flight was delayed due to bad weather in Chicago."

a number or amount expressed as a fraction of 100

"A small percentage of the population is affected."

"The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is a critical indicator of air quality."

confined or shut in by heavy snow

"The village is snowbound."

"The snowbound village could not be reached by road for a week and helicopters delivered food and medicine to the stranded residents."

never having existed or happened before

"The event is unprecedented."

"The unprecedented heat wave broke all temperature records and many cities opened emergency cooling shelters for vulnerable residents."

causing great surprise or amazement due to being impressive, unexpected, or remarkable

"The view is astonishing."

"The astonishing speed of the cheetah makes it the fastest land animal on earth."

showing the intensity or greatness of something

"Her insight is profound."

"The profound impact of the book changed the way she thought about the world and she recommended it to everyone she knew."

a statement or proposition that denies another statement or proposition

"His actions are a contradiction of his words."

"The witness testimony was a contradiction of the facts presented by the physical evidence."

a decision reached after thoroughly considering all relevant information

"We reached a final conclusion."

"After reviewing all the evidence and testimonies, the jury reached a conclusion that the defendant was not guilty."

an expert who observes and comments on something

"The observer watches the experiment through a window."

"The renowned art critic served as an observer, offering expert commentary on the exhibition's artistic merit."

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

"The disease is widespread."

"The widespread use of smartphones has changed the way people communicate and access information in their daily lives."

enduring or remaining for a considerable amount of time without quickly wearing off or disappearing

"The perfume is long-lasting."

"The long lasting friendship between the two women began in elementary school and they still talk on the phone every week."

to go over, read, or explain something quickly

"Run through the checklist quickly."

"Let us run through the presentation one more time before the client arrives for the meeting."

a variety of things that are different but are of the same general type

"A wide range of colors."

"The store offers an impressive range of artisanal cheeses from various European countries."

(of sheep, cows, etc.) to feed on the grass in a field

"Sheep graze here."

"The peaceful herd of sheep was content to graze lazily on the lush green meadow all afternoon."

a piece of land in the country, especially one where crops are grown or animals are kept, typically surrounded by a fence, etc.

"Look at the field."

"The farmer surveyed the vast green field, anticipating a bountiful harvest this season."

a regular and distinct sequence that can be found in certain situations

"See the pattern."

"The detective noticed a recurring pattern in the burglaries across the city."

very harsh or intense

"The pain is severe."

"He experienced severe headaches that significantly impacted his daily life."

a plant that is grown for food over large areas of land

"The crop is healthy."

"Farmers rotate their crops each season to prevent soil depletion and reduce the buildup of pests that target specific plants."

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

"The plague killed millions in medieval Europe."

"The bubonic plague killed millions of people in Europe during the fourteenth century pandemic."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

a book or journal in which one records personal experiences, thoughts, or feelings on a regular basis, usually on a daily basis

"Diary records daily personal events."

"The diary was a daily personal record of events thoughts and feelings never intended for publication."

to be in motion on a body of water or current of air at a slow pace

"The boat will float."

"The balloons will float gently upwards into the clear blue sky."

logically deductive

"This is formal."

"The argument presented was a formal deduction based on established logical principles."

information or facts collected to be used for various purposes

"The survey collected a lot of data."

"Analyzing big data requires sophisticated algorithms and powerful computational resources."

belonging to the current era

"The museum has contemporary art."

"The contemporary art museum features works by living artists from around the world."

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

"People associate dark clouds with rain."

"Most people associate the color red with love and passion but it can also symbolize danger and anger."

to create a barrier that prevents light or noise from reaching a specific space

"Block out the sun."

"The thick curtains were designed to block out the harsh sunlight and keep the room cool."

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

"He claims he is innocent."

"The politician made a bold claim about economic growth without providing any supporting evidence."

to find or discover something by searching for its features, characteristics, or details

"Identify the object."

"Investigators worked tirelessly to identify the source of the mysterious signals emanating from deep space."

to overlook or neglect something important or noteworthy

"Do not ignore it."

"It is unwise to ignore the subtle but critical warning signs of an impending crisis."

something that shows there may be danger, trouble, or a problem ahead

"See the warning sign."

"The flashing red light served as a clear warning sign of impending danger."

to experience and be affected by something bad or unpleasant

"Many people suffer from allergies."

"Many people suffer from allergies during spring because of the high pollen levels in the air."

the act or process of no longer having someone or something

"The loss was sad."

"The sudden loss of her best friend left her in a state of profound grief."

the practice and study of growing crops and raising animals for food or other products

"Agriculture is vital."

"Modern agriculture depends heavily on technology including GPS guided tractors and drones that monitor crop health from the air."

easily anticipated or expected to happen based on past experiences or knowledge

"The ending is predictable."

"The predictable plot of the movie made it boring and the audience could guess the ending after only twenty minutes."

to a degree that is higher than usual

"I particularly enjoy Italian food."

"I particularly enjoy Italian food especially pasta dishes like spaghetti and lasagna with rich tomato sauce."

having an unpleasant or rough nature, in a way that is difficult to endure

"It is harsh."

"The harsh desert climate made survival extremely difficult for the early explorers."

to make land, water, air, or other natural areas unsafe and harmful by spreading dangerous chemicals or substances

"Do not poison water."

"Industrial waste can poison rivers, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water sources."

surprising or exciting in appearance or effect

"The show was dramatic."

"The sudden plot twist created a dramatic shift in the audience's perception of the characters."