Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

"Obesity increases the risk of heart disease."

"Obesity is a serious health problem that increases the risk of heart disease diabetes and high blood pressure."

belong to an earlier time

"The church dates from the fifteenth century."

"The beautiful old church dates from the fifteenth century and is a popular tourist attraction."

to gain something good from something or someone

"Reading benefits your mind."

"Learning a new language can greatly benefit your career prospects and personal growth."

safe or suitable for consumption as food

"The mushroom is edible."

"The mushroom is edible and safe to eat as long as you cook it thoroughly first."

an area of land where edible plants, such as vegetables and herbs, are grown for personal use or sale

"The vegetable garden produces tomatoes"

"The vegetable garden produced zucchini tomatoes and peppers from spring until autumn frost."

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

"Autumn foliage covered the hiking trail beautifully"

"The autumn foliage turned beautiful shades of red and gold."

including or addressing a variety of topics, issues, or subjects

"The book is wide-ranging."

"The conference offered a wide-ranging discussion on the future of artificial intelligence and its societal impact."

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

"We must mitigate the environmental damage."

"The company took immediate steps to mitigate the damage caused by the data breach by notifying affected customers and offering free credit monitoring."

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

"The forest is their habitat."

"The rainforest provides a natural habitat for thousands of unique species that cannot survive anywhere else."

all wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment

"Protecting wildlife is important."

"The national park is a sanctuary for diverse wildlife, offering protection to many rare and endangered species."

the state of being part of something or having a connection with it

"Her involvement in the project is minimal."

"Her involvement in the charity began when she volunteered at a local food bank."

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

"The house is relatively cheap."

"The house is relatively cheap compared to others in the same neighborhood because it needs some repairs and renovations."

innovative and proactive in anticipating and preparing for future developments or trends

"The company is forward-thinking."

"The company is forward thinking and invests in new technologies before its competitors do."

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

"The new policy will be announced."

"An accommodative monetary policy is a central banking strategy of lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply to stimulate economic growth during a slowdown."

to create a situation in which it is easier for one to do something or for something to happen

"This discovery paved the way for new medicine."

"His research paved the way for future scientists to make even more important discoveries."

to prominently display or present something to attract attention and admiration

"The museum showcases local artists."

"The new museum was designed to showcase the region's rich cultural heritage and attract tourists from around the world."

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

"This bag is environmentally friendly."

"This bag is environmentally friendly because it is made from recycled plastic bottles and can be reused."

green foliage

"The park has much greenery."

"The garden was a vibrant oasis, filled with lush greenery and colorful blooming flowers."

a network of pipes, channels, and structures designed to collect and channel excess water, wastewater, or other liquids away from an area or a property

"The drainage system collects stormwater runoff."

"The drainage system includes gutters downspouts and underground pipes that carry rainwater away from the building."

the activity of taking care of trees, bushes, and flowers in a garden for pleasure

"She loves weekend gardening."

"She loves weekend gardening and spends many hours every weekend taking care of her beautiful flowers and vegetables."

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

"Dementia gradually affects memory and reasoning abilities"

"Dementia causes progressive decline in memory and thinking."

a person who is experiencing mental or physical pain as a result of suffering from an illness or disease

"The patient is a sufferer."

"The charity provides support and resources for every chronic pain sufferer in the local community."

widely accepted or popular among the general public

"His ideas are mainstream."

"While once considered radical, her views on environmental protection have now become widely accepted and mainstream."

a striking or remarkable collection of things presented together

"An array of flowers."

"The museum displayed a stunning array of ancient artifacts from various civilizations."

covering a large physical area

"The desert is expansive."

"From the mountaintop, we enjoyed an expansive view of the rolling hills and distant valleys."

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

"We install the new TV."

"The technicians will install the advanced security system by tomorrow morning."

to actively promote or publicize a product, service, or idea

"We will push the product."

"The marketing team will aggressively push the new software to increase market share."

a collective of individuals united by shared beliefs or ideology, working toward general social, political, or cultural goals

"The movement grew larger."

"The civil rights movement inspired millions to fight for equality and justice."

to supply someone or something with essential resources or support needed for survival or well-being

"We must maintain the animals."

"The organization works diligently to maintain the delicate ecosystem for future generations to enjoy."

focused on protecting the environment and promoting sustainability

"We need green energy."

"The green initiative promoted sustainable practices to protect the environment for future generations."

(of vegetation) growing densely and looking strong and healthy

"The garden is lush."

"The lush garden was filled with green plants and colorful flowers and the owners spent every weekend maintaining its beauty."

anything that is seen

"What a beautiful sight!"

"The breathtaking sight of the aurora borealis captivated everyone who witnessed it."

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

"The authority said no."

"The regulatory authority issued new guidelines for financial institutions."

to spend money or resources with the intention of gaining a future advantage or return

"People invest money in the stock market."

"It is wise to invest your money in a diversified portfolio to reduce risk."

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

"Exercise provides great benefit for mental health"

"Regular exercise provides the benefit of improved cardiovascular health and stronger bones."

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

"We must tackle climate change now."

"The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment by creating more jobs for young people."

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

"His idea is radical."

"The radical change in the company's strategy surprised investors but the new approach proved to be very successful in the long run."

a plan or drawing according to which something is made

"This is a good design."

"The architect presented a revolutionary design for the new city library."

having exceptional importance or significant impact

"The achievement is monumental."

"The discovery of penicillin was a monumental breakthrough in the history of medicine."

the right or opportunity to use something or benefit from it

"Students need internet access for online learning"

"The building has a ramp that provides wheelchair access for people with mobility problems who cannot use stairs."

(usually plural) a country's gas, oil, trees, etc. that are considered valuable and therefore can be sold to gain wealth

"Oil is valuable resource."

"Many countries depend heavily on their natural resource exports to build wealth and support their economies."

characterizing an area that is richly covered with natural plant life or foliage

"The park is very green."

"We hiked through a lush, green valley surrounded by ancient, towering trees."

the process of making a piece of land produce more profit by building on it or using its resources for such purpose

"The land development is good."

"The rapid development of the waterfront property attracted many investors."

a large organization that serves a religious, educational, social, or similar function

"This institution helps poor people."

"The charitable institution has been providing essential services to the homeless population for over fifty years."

a range of things or people with the same general features but different in some details

"There is a variety."

"The store offers a wide variety of fresh produce sourced from local farms."

to transform a piece of land for a new purpose

"They will develop the park."

"The city plans to develop the abandoned industrial site into a vibrant residential area."

to actively influence or impact a situation, event, or outcome

"The wind will play."

"The changing economic conditions will undoubtedly play a significant role in the company's future decisions."

a set of actions and responsibilities that are assigned to a person or group within a specific context

"What is your role?"

"Her role as the project manager was crucial to the successful completion of the complex assignment."

to increase something by two times its original amount or value

"Double the recipe for more cookies."

"The company's profits doubled in the last year due to increased sales and better marketing strategies."

to bring things together to form a whole or include something as part of a larger group

"We integrate the parts."

"The new software update is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing operating systems, enhancing user experience."

the specific environment or set of conditions where something can thrive or function effectively

"This is a good medium."

"The internet has become the primary medium for disseminating information globally."

to provide proof, show, or be a sign of something, often based on observation or analysis

"This indicates a problem."

"The declining sales figures clearly indicate a need for a new marketing strategy."

a sign or indication that suggests something

"There is evidence of that."

"The archaeologists found compelling evidence that supported their theory about the ancient civilization's demise."

to show clearly that something is true or exists by providing proof or evidence

"The teacher will demonstrate the experiment."

"The technician will demonstrate how to operate the new machine safely during the training session tomorrow morning."

(of a healthcare professional) to tell someone what drug or treatment they should get

"Doctors prescribe medicine for the cough."

"The doctor decided to prescribe a strong antibiotic to treat the patient's persistent bacterial infection that had not responded to weaker medications."

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

"He has much anxiety."

"Her anxiety about the upcoming exam made it difficult for her to sleep at night."

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

"She suffers from depression."

"The Great Depression of the 1930s was a severe economic downturn."