Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

involving or relating to two or more governments or governmental agencies, especially those of different countries

"The agreement is intergovernmental."

"The intergovernmental panel on climate change includes scientists from many countries who study global warming together."

to be entirely destroyed by fire

"The satellite burned up in the atmosphere."

"The small meteor began to burn up as it entered the Earth's atmosphere creating a bright streak of light in the night sky."

in a continuous manner up to the present moment

"So far, the weather is good."

"So far we have raised five hundred pounds for the charity but we hope to raise more."

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

"You must abide by the rules."

"All employees must abide by the company's strict safety rules or face immediate termination."

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

"He won despite the rain."

"Despite the overwhelming odds, the determined team managed to secure a surprising victory in the championship game."

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

"His intention is to help"

"Her intention was to help but her interference made the situation even worse."

to run out of money or assets and be unable to pay one's debts or financial obligations

"The small shop went bankrupt."

"Many local businesses went bankrupt during the economic crisis last year."

with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details

"In theory, this plan should work."

"In theory this plan sounds perfect but in practice it might be very difficult to achieve."

unusual largeness in size or extent or number

"The vastness of the ocean is humbling."

"The vastness of the universe made it difficult to comprehend the distances between stars."

to approach or move in the direction of someone or something

"We near the finish line."

"As the ship began to near the harbor, the passengers gathered on deck to catch their first glimpse of land."

the quality of being very careful and accurate, especially in performing tasks or making measurements

"The watch is made with great precision."

"The surgeon operated with great precision because the nerves were very close to the tumor."

to reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.

"This medicine will alleviate pain."

"This medication can help alleviate the symptoms of allergies such as sneezing and itchy eyes."

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

"She is the CEO of a multinational corporation."

"The large multinational corporation has offices in over fifty different countries around the world."

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

"You can achieve anything with hard work."

"With hard work and determination anyone can achieve their dreams regardless of their background or circumstances."

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

"Prioritize your tasks now."

"When faced with multiple demands, it's crucial to prioritize your tasks based on their importance."

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

"Nota bene means "note well" in Latin."

"The nota bene at the bottom of the page warned readers about an important exception."

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

"The reports are conflicting."

"The conflicting reports made it impossible to know what really happened during the protest."

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

"The customer data is stored in a secure database."

"A relational database stores structured information in tables with rows and columns that can be linked using shared key values."

to form a mental image or picture of something

"Visualize your success before competing."

"The coach asked the athletes to visualize themselves winning the race before they even stepped onto the track to compete."

a symbol that establishes the identity of the one bearing it

"The ID number is a unique identifier."

"The unique identifier on the package allowed the courier to track its location in real time."

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

"The environmentalist gave a speech on plastic pollution."

"The environmentalist gave a passionate speech about the dangers of plastic pollution in the ocean and urged everyone to reduce their use of single-use plastic bottles and bags."

grow worse

"The situation will devolve."

"During the crisis power temporarily devolved to the regional commanders until the central government could reestablish control."

a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere

"Spaceflight requires years of training."

"The history of human spaceflight began with Yuri Gagarin's orbit of Earth in nineteen sixty one."

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

"Factories pollute the air and water."

"The factory continues to pollute the river with toxic chemicals despite repeated warnings from the government."

to occur at a specific time or location

"The event will take place tomorrow."

"The annual conference will take place in London next month, attracting experts from around the world."

to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant

"You should minimize your daily sugar intake."

"You can minimize the risk of injury by wearing proper safety equipment and following all the instructions carefully."

information or details that are given to make something clear or easier to understand

"His explanation does not make sense."

"The scientist offered a clear explanation of the complex theory that even non experts could understand."

a specific, concrete objective that a person or group actively works toward, believing it to be realistically achievable

"The aim is clear."

"His main aim in life is to become a doctor and help people in underserved communities who lack access to quality healthcare."

a written or oral piece intended to give a mental image of something

"The witness gives a description of the suspect."

"The job description listed the responsibilities required qualifications and reporting structure for the position."

the process of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things or people

"The comparison was useful."

"The comparison showed how the two products differ."

the ability to act or function with minimum effort, time, and resources

"The new hybrid engine offers a ten percent increase in fuel efficiency."

"Implementing new software dramatically improved the team's efficiency, allowing them to complete tasks much faster."

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

"The city's transportation system includes buses and subways."

"The city's transportation system included buses subways commuter trains and ferries."

an expert in the field of astrodynamics, which involves the study of the motion of objects in space under the influence of gravitational forces

"The astrodynamicist calculates the satellite's orbit."

"The astrodynamicist calculated the precise trajectory for the spacecraft to reach Mars."

traffic created by the movement of aircraft

"Air traffic is heavy around the holiday weekend."

"The air traffic controller directed the pilot to a different runway to avoid congestion."

to provide someone with suggestion or guidance regarding a specific situation

"I advise you to study more."

"I would advise you to save some money each month because unexpected expenses can arise at any time."

the layer of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by gravity

"Earth has a thick atmosphere."

"The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful radiation from the sun and keeping the planet warm."

to break down or fragment into constituent components due to various forces or interactions

"The rock will disintegrate."

"Over time, the ancient manuscript began to disintegrate due to humidity and improper preservation techniques."

an operation carried out in space

"The space mission was successful."

"The ambitious space mission aims to explore the outer reaches of our solar system and search for extraterrestrial life."

an enormous project that is part of a for-profit business

"It's a big enterprise."

"Launching the new product line was a risky but potentially lucrative enterprise."

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

"We must tackle climate change now."

"The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment by creating more jobs for young people."

a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill

"It was a skillful maneuver."

"The race car driver executed a daring maneuver to overtake his competitor on the final lap."

in a careful and accurate manner, with great attention to detail

"Do it precisely."

"The surgeon performed the delicate operation precisely, ensuring every incision was exact and carefully placed."

a person with extensive knowledge or skill in a specific field or area of expertise

"He is a specialist doctor."

"As a leading specialist in astrophysics, her research significantly advanced the field."

the sector of technology and industry focused on aircraft, spacecraft, and their associated systems

"She works in the aerospace industry."

"The aerospace industry encompasses the design, manufacturing, and operation of aircraft and spacecraft."

an area of activity or a subject of study

"The children played in the field."

"Her groundbreaking research in the field of neuroscience earned international recognition."

to align or position something precisely in relation to another thing

"Line up the chairs."

"Please line up the bookshelves precisely against the wall to maximize the available space in the room."

a set of actions or behaviors that someone does regularly or habitually

"This is his routine."

"Her morning routine includes a cup of coffee and reading the news."

to make null or cancel the effects of something

"Please undo the mistake."

"He tried to undo the damage caused by his careless words, but it was too late."

to a more focused or reduced form

"Calm down."

"After the initial excitement, he managed to calm down and focus on the task at hand."

to monitor or record the movement or progress of something over time

"We track the birds."

"The researchers will track the migratory patterns of the whales using satellite telemetry devices."

in a way that is always the same

"She consistently arrives on time."

"She consistently arrives on time for work and never misses a day because she is very responsible."

of recognized authority or excellence

"Her voice is authoritative."

"The authoritative voice of the commander made the soldiers stand at attention and they followed his orders without question."

a list of items in a particular category, especially one systematically arranged

"Catalog lists products for sale."

"A catalog is a printed or online booklet listing items for sale with descriptions and prices."

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

"These examples illustrate the problem well."

"The graph illustrates the relationship between population growth and the increasing demand for natural resources."

to use information, knowledge, or past experience to aid in performing a task or achieving a goal

"Draw on your experience."

"The artist likes to draw on her personal experiences of travel and nature for inspiration when creating new paintings."

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

"What is your source here?"

"A reliable source of information is essential when writing an academic essay or conducting scientific research."

to keep a record of something by regularly documenting updates or details in writing

"Maintain the records."

"It is essential to maintain accurate financial records for tax purposes and future audits."

arranged in opposite or inverse relationships

"The ideas were cross."

"The two opposing viewpoints created a cross discussion, with each side challenging the other's assumptions."

to cause or show a mutual relation between two things

"These correlate."

"Studies suggest that regular exercise and a balanced diet correlate positively with improved overall health."

to function in a specific way

"The machine will operate soon."

"This new software is designed to operate efficiently across multiple platforms."

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

"A new generation arrives."

"Each generation faces unique challenges and opportunities that shape their perspective on the world."

a group of people having a religion, ethnic, profession, or other particular characteristic in common

"Our community is nice."

"The online community offered support and shared resources for people with rare diseases."

to provide evidence or support for a particular conclusion or viewpoint

"I will argue this."

"The lawyer will argue that the evidence presented is insufficient to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt."

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

"This is a reference to the book."

"The author made a direct reference to a previous study to support her argument."

to categorize or group something based on shared characteristics or qualities

"Classify these items."

"The librarian will classify the new books according to their genre and subject matter."

a person who is responsible for the care, management, or protection of something

"He is a steward."

"As the environmental steward of the park, she was responsible for its conservation and visitor safety."

to design and administer something attentively

"Choreograph the dance."

"The director will choreograph the entire theatrical production, paying close attention to staging and character movement."

someone who exercises authority, guidance, or restraint over others or over a process

"The controller manages."

"The air traffic controller expertly managed the flow of aircraft, ensuring safety during peak hours."