Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

relating to the transmission or control of fluids under pressure within confined systems or machinery

"The machine uses hydraulic power."

"The machine uses hydraulic power to lift heavy objects with the force of pressurized liquid."

made by humans rather than occurring naturally in nature

"The flower is artificial."

"The artificial flower looked so real that I tried to smell it before realizing it was made of plastic."

situated next to or near something

"The house is adjacent to mine."

"The house adjacent to ours is empty because the owners moved out last month and nobody has bought it yet."

an area composed of subdivided lots

"The subdivision has two hundred single-family homes."

"The subdivision has two hundred single family homes and a community swimming pool for residents."

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

"The government plans to invest heavily in new infrastructure."

"A country's infrastructure includes its physical systems like roads"

exposed to air

"The room is ventilated."

"The well ventilated workshop had large windows and fans that kept the air fresh and comfortable for the workers."

a wide street in a town or city, typically with trees on each side or in the middle

"The boulevard is beautiful."

"The new bicycle lane on the busy boulevard has reduced accidents significantly but some drivers still complain about losing a lane meant for cars."

a path for walking, typically built outdoors and above the ground level

"The walkway is clean."

"The garden walkway was made of flat stones placed slightly apart with soft moss growing in the gaps between them creating a natural appearance."

the process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

"The renovation took weeks."

"The renovation of the old library took several months but was worth the effort."

a male king that rules an empire

"The emperor lived in a vast"

"The emperor issued a decree that changed the laws across his entire empire."

a facility that provides a source of water

"The city's water system needs upgrades."

"The ancient Roman water system used aqueducts to transport fresh water from distant springs."

a set of documents necessary for a particular business deal, trip, etc.

"The paperwork for the loan takes hours to complete."

"The paperwork for the loan takes hours to complete and requires many signatures and forms."

containing harmful or dirty substances

"The air is polluted."

"The polluted river killed many fish and made the surrounding land unsafe for farming."

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

"The tower block dominates the skyline."

"The tower block dominates the skyline and is visible from every part of the city."

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

"Her expertise was great."

"A center of expertise is a dedicated team within an organization that provides deep"

easily perceived by the mind or senses

"It is evident."

"It was evident from his red eyes that he had been crying before the meeting started."

to apply a concept or idea in a real-life situation to test its effectiveness or gain experience in using it

"Put the idea into practice."

"The students were eager to put their newly learned theoretical knowledge into practice during the hands-on workshop."

to imagine something in one's mind, often considering it as a possible future scenario

"Can you envisage the future?"

"The architect envisaged a modern building that would blend harmoniously with the historic surroundings of the city."

a particular type of business or industry that deals with buying and selling goods or services

"It is a good trade."

"The import/export trade is a vital component of the global economy."

the quality or state of being new, creative, and unique, not copied from another thing

"The artist's originality sets her apart."

"The artist's originality sets her apart from others because no one else paints like her."

the process or occurrence of combining or merging elements to create a unified whole

"Fusion makes new elements."

"The fusion of diverse cultures created a vibrant and unique society."

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

"He loves engineering projects."

"Her passion for mechanical engineering led her to design innovative solutions for renewable energy systems."

covering a large area

"The garden is extensive."

"The extensive library contained over fifty thousand books and the scholar spent years researching the history of the region."

a place, such as a factory, in which an industrial process happens or where power is produced

"The plant makes cars."

"The new solar power plant is expected to significantly reduce the city's carbon footprint."

a long and artificial passage built and filled with water for ships to travel along or used to transfer water to other places

"Canal brings water to dry farms."

"The Panama Canal allows ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans without sailing around the southern tip of South America saving thousands of kilometers."

to organize or arrange something in a systematic and orderly way to ensure efficiency or compliance

"Please regulate the speed."

"The government decided to regulate the import of foreign goods to protect domestic industries."

a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits

"Large river basin."

"The Amazon basin contains the largest tropical rainforest in the world and supports incredible biodiversity."

to be required to do something, especially because of a rule, agreement, tradition, etc.

"You suppose it."

"Under the terms of the contract, the tenant is supposed to pay rent on the first of the month."

to travel across or on an area of water by a ship or boat

"Sailors navigate using the stars."

"It was very difficult to navigate through the dense fog without a compass but the experienced sailor managed to find the way safely."

the interior or central parts of a country, away from the coast or borders

"We visited the inland."

"The explorers ventured deep into the vast inland, discovering uncharted territories and unique wildlife."

used to talk about what one expects or likes to happen

"You ought to eat well."

"You ought to apologize for your rude behavior because you really hurt her feelings with your words."

to conform and adhere to the principles, practices, or guidelines established by someone or something

"Please follow the rules."

"It is imperative that all members diligently follow the established safety protocols."

belonging to the current era

"The museum has contemporary art."

"The contemporary art museum features works by living artists from around the world."

the right or opportunity to use something or benefit from it

"Students need internet access for online learning"

"The building has a ramp that provides wheelchair access for people with mobility problems who cannot use stairs."

an important or distinctive aspect of something

"This is a key feature."

"A prominent feature of the new smartphone is its advanced camera system."

small and efficiently arranged or designed

"The camera is compact."

"The compact camera fit easily into her pocket so she could take it everywhere without carrying a heavy bag."

in a comprehensive manner

"Clean it thoroughly now."

"The detective examined the crime scene thoroughly, searching for any overlooked clues that might help solve the case."

with regard to technical skill and the technology available

"Technically, it works."

"Technically, the proposed solution is feasible, but it would require significant financial investment."

to produce a plan, idea, etc. in one's mind

"She conceived a brilliant idea suddenly."

"It is very difficult for most people to conceive what life was like before the invention of the internet and smartphones existed."

to implement, activate, or enforce a plan, policy, or procedure

"We will apply it."

"The government decided to apply stricter regulations to ensure environmental protection."

the purpose or intended use of something

"What is its function?"

"The primary function of this device is to regulate air quality within the building."

a person who lives in a particular place, usually on a long-term basis

"The resident is happy."

"The new community center aims to provide essential services for every resident in the surrounding neighborhoods."

used to show that something is the case and nothing more

"You can simply turn off the lights."

"You can simply turn off the lights when you leave the room to save electricity and reduce your energy bill."

(of an argument, idea, etc.) having a strong logical foundation or reasoning

"This argument is valid."

"Her argument for increased funding was valid and supported by extensive research data."

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

"The scholar published many books on ancient history."

"The respected scholar spent years researching ancient manuscripts to write his definitive book on Roman history."

to bring things together to form a whole or include something as part of a larger group

"We integrate the parts."

"The new software update is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing operating systems, enhancing user experience."

(of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity without wasting much time, effort, or money

"This method is efficient."

"The efficient new washing machine uses less water and electricity than the old model which saves money on utility bills."

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

"The project is sustainable."

"The sustainable farming practices protect the soil and water for future generations to use."

to agree with a group, idea, person, or organization and support it

"I align with you."

"It is essential for the new team members to align their strategies with the company's overall vision."

a distinct period of history or culture, or a specific moment or duration of time

"These are hard times."

"During those difficult times, people relied on each other for support and shared what little they had."

a factor that helps to make something happen

"Stress is a contributor."

"Lack of sleep is a major contributor to decreased productivity and poor decision-making."

to make information that was previously unknown or kept in secrecy publicly known

"The report will reveal the truth."

"The investigation revealed shocking evidence that completely changed the direction of the criminal case."

located on the outer surface of a particular thing

"The exterior is painted."

"The exterior of the building is painted white but the inside walls are a warm shade of beige and cream."

to make or show a logical connection between two things

"His story relates to our situation."

"I can easily relate to his story because I had a very similar experience when I was young."

a defining or distinctive feature of something

"The most interesting aspect is the historical context."

"One important aspect of the job was the ability to work well under pressure."

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

"This approach works very well."

"The new approach to teaching mathematics has helped students understand complex problems more easily than before."