Test 1 - Reading - Passage 1 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

"Factories pollute the air and water."

"The factory continues to pollute the river with toxic chemicals despite repeated warnings from the government."

to occur at a specific time or location

"The event will take place tomorrow."

"The annual conference will take place in London next month, attracting experts from around the world."

thriving or prospering that results in success and positive development

"The business is flourishing."

"With careful nurturing and consistent effort, the small startup quickly became a flourishing enterprise."

the practice of giving professional advice within a particular field

"McKinsey & Company is one of the world's most powerful consultancy firms."

"A strategy consultancy is a professional service firm that provides high-level advice to corporations on their most complex"

an act of asking questions to gather information, clarify doubts, or seek answers about a particular topic or issue

"He makes an enquiry about the price."

"The customer's enquiry about the product's warranty was answered promptly by the support team."

to provide with the tools, resources, or items necessary for a specific purpose or activity

"We equip the team well."

"The expedition team was equipped with specialized gear to survive the harsh Arctic conditions and complete their mission."

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

"Farmers use pesticide to protect their crops from insects and other pests."

"A pesticide is a chemical substance designed to kill or control pests that damage crops"

any type of gas, particularly carbon dioxide, that contributes to global warming by trapping heat

"Methane is a strong greenhouse gas."

"A greenhouse gas traps heat in the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation"

made or kept cold by refrigeration

"The food is refrigerated."

"The refrigerated truck kept the meat cold during the long journey and it arrived at the supermarket still fresh and safe to eat."

to resist or endure the force, pressure, or challenges imposed upon oneself

"The building can withstand strong earthquakes."

"The building is designed to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude eight on the Richter scale without collapsing."

a plant that develops in a particular way

"This is a slow grower."

"This particular orchid is a slow grower, taking many years to reach its full bloom."

someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers

"The wholesaler sells goods in bulk to retailers."

"The wholesaler sold bulk quantities of fresh produce to restaurants and grocery stores."

with no one or nothing else involved

"This is solely mine."

"The success of the project was solely due to the hard work and dedication of the team."

a complete electrical circuit around which current flows or a signal circulates

"The camera sends a signal through a closed circuit."

"The closed circuit television system recorded all activity in the parking garage twenty four hours daily."

in a manner that almost does not exist or occur

"I could barely hear the speaker."

"I could barely hear the speaker because the microphone was not working properly and the room was very noisy."

to make a waste product usable again

"People recycle plastic bottles and paper."

"It is important to recycle plastic bottles and paper to help protect the environment for future generations."

previously in use but is now abandoned, neglected, or no longer in operation

"The building is disused."

"The disused factory was scheduled for demolition and the city planned to build affordable housing on the empty lot."

a large standardized metal container used for the transportation of goods by ship, truck, or train

"The house is made from recycled shipping containers."

"The shipping container was converted into a small office with insulation windows and air conditioning."

an area where people can leave their cars or other vehicles for a period of time

"The car park is full on weekends."

"The underground car park was nearly empty on Sunday morning before the shops opened."

having or showing high moral standards

"She is virtuous."

"The virtuous monk dedicated his life to helping the poor and he never asked for anything in return for his kindness."

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

"One fraction is 1/2."

"An improper fraction is one where the numerator exceeds the denominator"

fitting for a specific purpose, situation, or person

"He is suited for the job."

"The quiet library was well suited for studying and the students appreciated the peaceful atmosphere without distractions."

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

"The salad had radish."

"Radishes grow quickly and have a spicy flavor."

used to introduce an opposing statement

"It was raining nevertheless we went out."

"It was raining heavily nevertheless we went out because we had already bought tickets for the concert."

to answer questions or deal with requests

"He will field questions."

"The spokesperson was prepared to field all the difficult questions from the press during the live interview."

a category or type of something

"This is a new breed."

"The author's unique writing style represents a new breed of contemporary fiction."

situated toward or near the center of a place, area, or structure

"Go to the inner part."

"She found a sense of peace within her inner self, away from the chaos."

a benefit or gain resulting from something

"This is an advantage."

"Having prior experience in a similar role provided a significant advantage during the job interview."

to apply a substance or process to something in order to protect it, preserve it, or give it special qualities

"Treat the wood."

"We need to treat the leather to prevent it from drying out and cracking."

(of farming practices) using large amounts of labor, capital, and resources to produce high yields in a small area

"This is intensive farming."

"Intensive agricultural practices are often criticized for their environmental impact."

a device that creates gas or vapor by converting energy from another source

"The generator is loud."

"The portable generator provided essential power during the extended outage."

to spray or cover someone or something with water in the form of small drops or a light stream

"Do not shower me."

"The sprinklers will shower the lawn with water to keep it hydrated."

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

"It has great capacity."

"The stadium has the capacity to hold over fifty thousand spectators."

significant in amount or degree

"It was substantial."

"The substantial increase in funding will allow the research team to pursue groundbreaking new avenues of study."

to enhance the quality of something, particularly by adding something to it

"Education can enrich your life greatly."

"Education can enrich your life by opening doors to new opportunities and experiences you never imagined."

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

"Plants need nutrient."

"Adequate nutrient availability is essential for optimal plant growth and development."

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

"He pumps air into the flat tire."

"The heart pumps blood through the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body."

a plant that is grown for food over large areas of land

"The crop is healthy."

"Farmers rotate their crops each season to prevent soil depletion and reduce the buildup of pests that target specific plants."

the ability of a person, organism or microorganism to withstand or defend against diseases, drugs, toxins, or environmental stress

"The bacteria show resistance."

"The increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics poses a significant threat to global public health."

a series of connected or interdependent items or events

"A chain of events."

"The economic downturn created a chain reaction affecting businesses globally."

to use up or deplete a resource, material, or supply completely

"They exhaust the fuel."

"The prolonged drought threatened to exhaust the region's water reserves, causing widespread concern among the farmers."

with a soft or light touch, or with minimal force

"She gently stroked the cat's fur."

"She gently stroked the cat's fur and it purred with contentment and closed its eyes in happiness."

highly typical and recognizable example of a common situation, behavior, or mistake

"That is a classic mistake."

"Forgetting to check the expiration date on food is a classic mistake that many people make."

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

"The yield was good."

"The farmer was pleased with the substantial yield from his apple orchard this year."

a remarkable, noteworthy, or outstanding development, person, or thing

"What a phenomenon!"

"The aurora borealis is a stunning natural phenomenon visible in polar regions."

to experience great growth and improvement

"The economy boomed after the war."

"The economy began to boom after the war as factories converted back to producing consumer goods and people had more money to spend on luxuries."

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

"We install the new TV."

"The technicians will install the advanced security system by tomorrow morning."

without being exact

"Roughly half of the students passed."

"Roughly half of the students passed the exam while the other half failed and will have to retake it."

to own, manage, or organize something such as a business, campaign, a group of animals, etc.

"He will run the shop."

"She decided to run a small bakery after years of working in corporate finance."

to use a supply of energy, fuel, etc.

"Cars consume fuel."

"Electric vehicles are designed to consume significantly less energy than traditional gasoline cars."

having a base

"It is based on facts."

"The new policy is based on extensive research and public feedback."

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

"This apple is organic."

"The organic vegetables were more expensive than regular ones but they tasted fresher and better according to the customers who bought them."

used to show that something is the case and nothing more

"You can simply turn off the lights."

"You can simply turn off the lights when you leave the room to save electricity and reduce your energy bill."

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

"What is the return?"

"The property investment promised a significant return within five years."

a situation treated as an observable object

"Look at the picture."

"The media painted a grim picture of the economic situation."

the amount of produce gathered from crops during one growing season

"Good harvest season."

"Farmers celebrated the good harvest season after many months of hard work in the fields this year."

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

"This accounts for it."

"Online sales now account for a substantial portion of the company's total revenue."

with everything considered

"Overall, it was good."

"Overall, the conference was a resounding success, fostering collaboration and generating innovative ideas."

used to compare or to show contrast between two choices, decisions, etc.

"This versus that."

"The debate focused on the merits of renewable energy versus traditional fossil fuels."