Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (3) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

"The museum displays a 2000-year-old artifact."

"Archaeologists discovered an ancient artifact that provided insight into the daily lives of early humans."

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

"The society is agrarian."

"The agrarian society depends on farming for its economy and most people live in rural areas and grow their own food."

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

"The garden is communal."

"The communal garden is shared by all the residents of the apartment building and everyone contributes to its maintenance."

to have a powerful and lasting effect on someone or something

"She left her mark."

"The innovative scientist was determined to leave her mark on the field of renewable energy."

someone who comes to live in a foreign country

"The immigrant came from Mexico."

"The immigrant worked very hard to learn the new language and build a successful life for his family in the adopted country."

the area or conditions immediately around something or someone where it exists or operates

"The surround is nice."

"The peaceful surround of the countryside provided a welcome escape from the city's noise and chaos."

a person whose job is designing buildings and typically supervising their construction

"The architect designed a modern glass building."

"The architect designed the building with large windows to maximize natural light and reduce energy costs."

‌used when you take the most optimistic view, especially in a bad situation

"It will take days at best."

"Given the current delays, the project will likely be completed in six months at best."

an agreement reached by all members of a group

"The team reached a consensus on the new project plan."

"A consensus is a general agreement reached by a group after considering all opinions"

a piece of land where people are buried

"The ancient burial ground is marked by stones."

"The ancient burial ground was marked by stones and contained the remains of several important chiefs."

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

"The astronomer discovered a new comet."

"The astronomer spent every clear night looking through the telescope hoping to discover a new comet or asteroid."

of or relating to megaliths or the people who erected megaliths

"The stones are megalithic."

"The megalithic stones at Stonehenge weigh several tons each and no one knows exactly how ancient people moved them into place."

relating to or concerned with astrology

"The reading is astrological."

"She consulted an astrological chart to understand the potential influences on her upcoming career change."

a period during which the sun or moon is temporarily obscured by the shadow of another celestial body

"The eclipse was amazing."

"People watched the eclipse with special glasses."

large in quantity, extent, or degree

"The damage is considerable."

"The project required a considerable amount of time and money but the results were worth the investment."

someone who evaluates and provides opinions or judgments about various forms of art, literature, performances, or other creative works

"The critic wrote a review."

"The critic praised the performance but also pointed out a few weak parts."

to be without or to not have enough of something that is needed or desirable

"He lacks confidence in his abilities."

"The report lacks sufficient evidence to support its claims about the effectiveness of the new drug."

to conceal or hide something

"Fog obscured the mountain view."

"The thick fog began to obscure the view of the mountains making it difficult for the hikers to see the trail."

able to heal or relieve a medical condition

"The treatment is curative."

"The treatment is curative and will completely eliminate the disease from your body."

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

"The Iron Age started three thousand years ago."

"The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division"

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

"This event is Common Era."

"The Common Era calendar is used worldwide today and it counts years starting from the birth of Jesus."

a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains, commonly used in construction for its durability and natural beauty

"The sandstone walls age gracefully."

"Sandstone is a sedimentary rock used as building stone in walls and paving."

used to say that something such as a number or amount is not exact

"The trip takes approximately two hours."

"The trip takes approximately two hours depending on traffic conditions and the route you choose to take."

either of the two moments in a year when the Sun, in its apparent motion along the ecliptic, crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal periods of daylight and darkness worldwide

"The spring equinox occurs in March."

"The spring equinox occurs when day and night are approximately the same length."

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

"The colors are distinct."

"The distinct smell of coffee filled the room and everyone felt more awake."

a social group united by shared ancestry, culture, or customs

"The tribe lives in the Amazon rainforest."

"The tribe lived in the Amazon rainforest and had no contact with the outside world."

to be one of the causes or reasons that helps something happen

"He will contribute money."

"His insightful comments will contribute significantly to our final decision-making process."

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

"She will undertake a huge project."

"The scientist decided to undertake a dangerous expedition to study the effects of climate change in Antarctica."

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

"They are indigenous people."

"The indigenous tribe fought to preserve their ancestral lands and unique cultural heritage from exploitation."

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

"She maintains her innocence."

"Despite all the criticism, she continued to maintain her innocence throughout the trial."

describing the people who have lived in an area for a very long time

"She is native here."

"The guide shared fascinating insights into the traditions of the native inhabitants."

to be related by blood, typically referring to the lineage or family connection

"He will descend from a king."

"The esteemed historian is said to descend from a long line of notable scholars."

faint or unclear, often making it hard to see or understand fully

"It is shadowy."

"The shadowy figure lurking in the alleyway made the pedestrians feel uneasy and apprehensive."

the reason or intention for which something is made, done, or used

"What is the purpose?"

"The stated purpose of the new initiative is to improve public safety throughout the city."

exceptionally eye-catching or beautiful

"Her resemblance is striking."

"The striking resemblance between the two strangers made them wonder if they were long lost relatives separated at birth."

the larger part or number of a given set or group

"The majority voted yes."

"The vast majority of participants expressed satisfaction with the newly implemented policies."

to be suitable, advantageous, or occur at a convenient or favorable time

"This will serve you well."

"This particular timing will serve to greatly increase our chances of success during the negotiation."

the purpose or intended use of something

"What is its function?"

"The primary function of this device is to regulate air quality within the building."

to learn of and confirm the facts about something through calculation or research

"The test will determine your level."

"The scientists conducted several experiments to determine whether the new drug was safe for human use or not at all."

a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other

"A cluster of data points appeared."

"The statistical analysis revealed a distinct cluster of similar customer behaviors within the dataset."

to match or be similar to something else

"Your actions should correspond with your words."

"The signature on the check does not correspond to the customer's signature on file at the bank."

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

"A strange phenomenon occurred."

"The aurora borealis is a beautiful natural phenomenon visible in polar regions."

to be subjected to or experience a particular reaction or feedback from others

"He will receive criticism."

"The controversial policy was expected to receive considerable backlash from environmental groups."

a general interest that leads people to want to know more

"Get your attention now!"

"The novel marketing campaign managed to capture the public's attention by being highly unconventional."

the act of hiding something from sight by blocking the view

"The cover hid the box."

"The dense foliage provided excellent cover for the hidden encampment from aerial observation."

to find out about something, particularly by doing research

"We unearth secrets."

"Through meticulous research, the historian was able to unearth fascinating details about the ancient civilization."

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

"Analysts speculate about the company's future."

"Financial analysts often speculate about the company's future performance based on limited information available to the public."

the process of becoming healthy again after an injury or illness

"The wound needs healing."

"Proper nutrition and rest are essential for the body's natural healing process after a significant injury."

a large hole in the ground where stones, minerals, or other materials are removed

"They dug a pit."

"The mining operation extracted valuable minerals from the deep pit created over decades."

to begin to exist or become noticeable

"Problems arise when people are careless."

"Problems may arise during the project, but the team is prepared to handle any unexpected challenges."

a specific point or location identified relative to surrounding features in an area or region

"This is the spot."

"We found the perfect spot by the lake for our picnic."

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

"The finding surprised all scientists."

"The finding of the research showed that children who read more books tend to perform better in school."