Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

having ideas, beliefs, or qualities that are more advanced or progressive than those of the current period or one's peers

"His ideas were ahead of his time."

"The inventor was ahead of his time and nobody understood his ideas until many years later."

marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare

"His approach is humanist."

"The humanist philosophy emphasizes the value and agency of human beings and it rejects supernatural beliefs in favor of reason and ethics."

the capacity to deeply appreciate and react to complicated emotional or aesthetic impacts

"The novel appeals to the reader's sensibility."

"The novel appeals to the reader's sensibility with its emotional characters and moral dilemmas."

the quality of having little or no significance

"The size of the Earth shows the insignificance of one person."

"The size of the Earth shows the insignificance of one person in the vast universe."

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

"The Renaissance was a rebirth of art and classical learning."

"The European Renaissance marked a rebirth of classical art and learning."

the quality of being up-to-date or related to recent times, especially in culture, technology, or ideas

"The museum's design reflects modernity."

"The museum's design reflects modernity with its glass walls and minimalist concrete interior."

to occur at a specific time or location

"The event will take place tomorrow."

"The annual conference will take place in London next month, attracting experts from around the world."

regarding or affecting the entire world

"This is a global problem."

"The global pandemic affected every country in the world and changed the way people live and work."

to cause something to occur

"The accident resulted in injuries."

"The heavy rainfall could result in serious flooding in low lying areas near the river."

at the starting point of a major development or change

"The company is on the cusp of success."

"The company is on the cusp of a major breakthrough that will change the industry."

an urgent situation in which proper action must be taken to remove the threats done to the environment

"The climate crisis is urgent."

"The climate crisis requires immediate action because delaying emission reductions will make the consequences more severe and difficult to reverse."

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

"The disease is widespread."

"The widespread use of smartphones has changed the way people communicate and access information in their daily lives."

a situation in which a particular animal or plant no longer exists

"The dodo bird was hunted to extinction many years ago by humans."

"Extinction is the complete and permanent disappearance of a species from the Earth"

not addressed

"The issue remains unaddressed."

"The unaddressed complaints from customers piled up on the manager's desk and she finally hired more staff to handle the backlog."

to change something in a significant or fundamental way

"The internet revolutionized global communication."

"The invention of the smartphone revolutionized the way people communicate and access information all around the entire world."

to take steps to ensure the safety and security of something or someone

"Safeguard the children well."

"New security protocols were implemented to safeguard sensitive customer information from potential cyber threats."

any epidemic disease with a high death rate

"The pestilence wiped out half the population."

"The pestilence wiped out half the population and changed the course of European history forever."

determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community

"Urban planning controls the growth of cities."

"Urban planning controls the growth of cities and ensures there are parks and schools for residents."

as a result of a specific cause or reason

"The game was canceled due to rain."

"Due to the bad weather the flight was delayed for over three hours at the airport."

beyond what is considered normal or socially acceptable

"The spending is excessive."

"The excessive use of plastic bottles harms the environment and many cities have banned single use containers to reduce waste."

not capable of being maintained or continued over the long term

"The growth is unsustainable."

"The unsustainable fishing practices have depleted the ocean's fish populations and scientists warn that some species may become extinct."

a change in the world's climate

"Global climate change causes more frequent heatwaves."

"Global climate change causes more frequent heatwaves and threatens coastal cities with rising sea levels."

famous and admired by many people

"The doctor is renowned."

"The renowned chef opened a new restaurant in the city and food critics from all over the world came to review it."

the study or art of building and designing houses

"She studies architecture."

"The stunning architecture of the ancient Roman buildings is still admired today."

a person who is skilled and knowledgeable in many different subjects or areas

"Leonardo da Vinci was a true Renaissance man."

"Leonardo da Vinci was a true Renaissance man skilled in art science and engineering."

someone who is very smart or is very skilled in a specific activity

"Einstein was a genius in physics."

"Einstein was a genius whose theories of relativity revolutionized our understanding of physics."

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

"People associate dark clouds with rain."

"Most people associate the color red with love and passion but it can also symbolize danger and anger."

to express a particular characterization or a thing as a person

"She will embody the queen."

"The actor perfectly embodies the complex character of the conflicted protagonist."

a tendency or mindset of a particular type

"The team has a winning spirit."

"The rebellious spirit of the youth culture challenged the established norms of society."

having or showing creativity and skill in the arts

"She is artistic."

"Her artistic flair was evident in the unique and captivating designs she created for the exhibition."

to disappear slowly

"Her memory will fade."

"The vibrant colors of the sunset began to fade as night slowly descended upon the landscape."

the set of opinions or ideas that one has about something

"What is your thinking?"

"Her clear thinking on complex issues makes her an invaluable asset to the team."

to serve as a distinguishing quality or characteristic of someone or something

"This will mark the event."

"His innovative approach to problem-solving will undoubtedly mark him as a leader in the field."

the process or period of changing from one state, place, or condition to another

"It is a big transition."

"The company is undergoing a major transition from traditional manufacturing to advanced digital technologies."

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

"The plague killed millions in medieval Europe."

"The bubonic plague killed millions of people in Europe during the fourteenth century pandemic."

a period of serious difficulty or danger that requires immediate action

"The crisis is serious."

"The economic crisis left millions of people unemployed and struggling to pay for basic needs like food."

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe

"Climate change caused the displacement of many people."

"Forced displacement of people happened after the war started in the region."

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

"His idea is radical."

"The radical change in the company's strategy surprised investors but the new approach proved to be very successful in the long run."

to make something required, necessary, or appropriate

"This calls for action."

"The escalating crisis clearly calls for immediate and decisive intervention from authorities."

the quality of being kind, empathetic, and understanding towards others, and treating them with respect and dignity

"The new medicine is a gift to humanity."

"The new medicine is a gift to humanity and will save millions of lives worldwide."

a state of extreme ruin, misfortune, or irreversible damage

"It was a catastrophe."

"The unexpected economic downturn led to a financial catastrophe for many small businesses."

to direct one's interest or attention toward a specific subject or activity

"I turn to music."

"When faced with difficult decisions, he would often turn to his trusted mentors for advice."

to conform and adhere to the principles, practices, or guidelines established by someone or something

"Please follow the rules."

"It is imperative that all members diligently follow the established safety protocols."

representing the usual characteristics of a person, thing, or group

"That is typical behavior."

"It is typical for teenagers to want more independence and parents should try to understand their need for freedom."

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

"New trend became popular."

"The trend in sales continued for months."

indicating a goal, wish, etc. that has not been accomplished, carried out, or come true

"Her dream is unfulfilled."

"Despite her many achievements, she still felt a sense of unfulfilled potential in her personal life."

used to indicate that something is provided or accepted as a basis for a particular situation or argument

"Given the circumstances he did well."

"Given his age he is surprisingly fit and healthy and still runs every morning."

functioning or occurring in a normal way; lacking abnormalities or deficiencies

"This is natural."

"Her natural talent for music became apparent at a very young age."

to want to know about something particular

"She wonders about the future often."

"I often wonder what my life would be like if I had chosen a different career path."

a period of history marked by particular features or events

"The invention of the printing press began a new era."

"The digital era has completely transformed the way people communicate around the world."