Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 18 Vocabulary List

existing or available in large quantities

"The harvest is abundant."

"The abundant wildlife in the national park attracted nature lovers and photographers from all over the world."

forming again (especially with improvements or removal of defects); renewing and reconstituting

"The regeneration of the old industrial area takes years."

"The regeneration of the downtown area brought new businesses housing and public spaces."

able to be physically harmed or wounded

"The child is vulnerable."

"The vulnerable child needed extra support from his teachers because he had experienced trauma and was easily frightened."

appropriate for a certain situation or purpose

"This dress is suitable."

"This dress is suitable for a wedding because it is elegant and not too casual or revealing."

a place or a building is designed and equipped for a specific function, such as healthcare, education, etc.

"The facility is modern."

"The new sports facility includes an Olympic sized swimming pool and a fully equipped modern gymnasium."

a type of fossil fuel, which is black and found in the ground, typically used as a source of energy

"Coal is used to make energy."

"Many power stations still burn coal to generate electricity for millions of homes."

turn into gas

"Heat can gasify the water."

"The new power plant uses a process to gasify coal before burning it to produce cleaner electricity."

any substance that can produce energy or heat when burned

"The plane was already low on fuel."

"The car needs more fuel to complete the long journey across the country."

a type of alcohol fuel produced from renewable sources such as corn or sugarcane

"Ethanol is made from corn or sugarcane."

"Ethanol is made from corn or sugarcane and is blended with gasoline to make E10."

a liquid used by cars, trucks, etc. as a fuel

"The gasoline is mixed with ethanol."

"The gasoline is mixed with ethanol and has an octane rating of eighty seven."

a large, heavy motor vehicle designed for transporting goods or materials over long distances

"The lorry delivers goods to the supermarket."

"The lorry was stuck under the low bridge because the driver ignored the height warning signs."

a form of energy that is produced from organic or biological sources, which can be naturally replaced

"Bioenergy comes from organic materials like wood and crops."

"Bioenergy was produced from organic materials like wood chips crop residues and animal manure."

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

"The panda is a critically endangered species."

"This particular species of orchid is extremely rare and can only be found in a small region of the Amazon rainforest."

the quality or state of being easily reached, entered, used, or understood by everyone, regardless of any physical or mental limitations

"The building has ramps for accessibility."

"The building's accessibility features included ramps wide doorways and braille signs for visually impaired visitors."

a person who owns land

"The landowner allows hikers to cross his property."

"The landowner granted permission for hikers to cross his property using the marked trail."

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

"The forest is their habitat."

"The rainforest provides a natural habitat for thousands of unique species that cannot survive anywhere else."

makes things out of wood

"The woodworker carves a beautiful table."

"The skilled woodworker crafted a beautiful dining table from solid walnut without using any nails."

with no one or nothing else involved

"This is solely mine."

"The success of the project was solely due to the hard work and dedication of the team."

a standard or expectation that guides behavior within a group or society

"This behavior is outside the social norm."

"Working from home became the norm for many office employees during the pandemic lockdowns."

having or given a form or shape

"The clay was formed."

"The formed clay was fired in a kiln to make pottery and the artist created beautiful vases and bowls."

fitting for a specific purpose, situation, or person

"He is suited for the job."

"The quiet library was well suited for studying and the students appreciated the peaceful atmosphere without distractions."

the practice of selecting and keeping only the best or most valuable parts of something and leaving the rest behind, often used in mining, fishing, or logging

"High-grading removes the best timber"

"High grading removed the largest trees from the forest and left the smaller less valuable ones behind."

a lasting result or effect from past actions or events, often influencing the present or future

"The old railway is a legacy of the industrial revolution."

"The legacy of the civil rights movement was still evident in laws that protected voting rights."

not frequently or widely used, typically because of being lower in quality or less in demand

"This is a low-use area."

"The low use trail was overgrown with weeds because few hikers had walked on it for many years."

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

"Good practice makes perfect."

"The consistent practice of mindfulness meditation helped him manage his daily stress effectively."

belonging to or following the methods or thoughts that are old as opposed to new or different ones

"The food is traditional."

"The traditional wedding ceremony included customs that had been passed down through generations of the family."

to try to achieve a better result compared to that of other people or things

"They compete fiercely."

"Several companies will compete for the lucrative government contract next year."

worth doing or having

"A new car is desirable."

"A career that offers both financial security and personal fulfillment is highly desirable."

only for one certain type of person or thing

"This book was written specifically for children."

"This book was written specifically for children aged eight to twelve who are interested in science and nature."

to aim or direct something, such as an action or effort, towards a specific goal or objective

"Target the red dot."

"The marketing team will target specific demographics for their new product launch campaign."

the process of burning, characterized by the chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen that produces heat and light

"Fire needs combustion."

"The engine's efficient combustion process converts fuel into mechanical energy with minimal waste."

a closed vessel in which water is heated to create steam or hot water, used for heating buildings, producing electricity, or powering machines

"The boiler heats the building."

"The old boiler in the basement finally broke down, so they had to install a new one before winter."

the energy that is obtained through different means, such as electrical or solar, to operate different equipment or machines

"We need more power."

"The city's continued growth depends on its access to reliable and affordable power."

a place or a building that is designed and equipped for a specific function, such as healthcare, education, etc.

"This is a new medical facility."

"The university has invested heavily in a state-of-the-art research facility for its science departments."

a place, such as a factory, in which an industrial process happens or where power is produced

"The plant makes cars."

"The new solar power plant is expected to significantly reduce the city's carbon footprint."

to include something as part of a larger whole or system

"Incorporate these changes into the document."

"The architect plans to incorporate many eco friendly features into the design of the new office building."

a steady, ongoing flow of something, like information, data, or objects

"A stream of data flowed."

"The constant stream of information required careful analysis and processing."

the creation of heat, electricity, or other forms of energy

"The plant's generation of energy is amazing."

"The new power plant's efficient generation of renewable energy is a significant environmental achievement."

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

"This approach works very well."

"The new approach to teaching mathematics has helped students understand complex problems more easily than before."

to a large or significant degree

"He believes strongly in fairness."

"The company is strongly considering a merger with its main competitor."

to cut through something at its base in order to make it fall

"Cut down on sugary drinks."

"The doctor advised him to cut down on his salt intake to lower his high blood pressure."

to make sure one has a sufficient amount of something such as time, food, money, etc. available for a specific purpose

"I allow much time."

"We must allow sufficient resources to complete this ambitious project successfully."

to stay in existence after other parts or elements have disappeared or been used up

"Some food will remain."

"After the initial chaos subsided, a sense of calm began to remain in the town."

aggressively intruding or spreading into a space or situation where something is unwelcome or harmful

"The plant is invasive."

"Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems and threaten native biodiversity."

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

"The project is sustainable."

"The sustainable farming practices protect the soil and water for future generations to use."

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

"Money is one factor."

"Climate change is an important factor that affects the migration patterns of birds across different continents."

the purpose or intended use of something

"What is its function?"

"The primary function of this device is to regulate air quality within the building."

stated or specified; acknowledged or supposed

"It is a given fact."

"The given circumstances forced us to change our plans and we had to cancel the trip because of the unexpected snowstorm."

trees grown to be used in carpentry or construction

"The cabin was built from strong timber"

"The house was built from locally sourced timber that had been harvested sustainably."

a section of a tree trunk that has been cut or fallen, usually stripped of branches

"The woodcutter took a log."

"He dragged a heavy log from the forest to use as firewood for the winter."

the main part of a plant that connects the roots to the twigs, leaves, and flowers

"The stem is thin."

"She cut the stem of the flower at an angle before placing it in a vase filled with fresh water to help it absorb more liquid."

the main wooden body of a tree

"The tree trunk is big."

"The ancient oak's trunk was so wide that three people could not encircle it."

used when introducing additional information to a statement that has just been made

"He is kind likewise his brother."

"He is very kind and generous likewise his brother is also very helpful and always willing to assist others."

to have an illness or disease

"She will suffer soon."

"Many people suffer from chronic conditions that require ongoing medical attention."

to discard or abandon someone or something as no longer relevant or important to one's present or future

"She left behind old toys."

"He decided to leave behind his past mistakes and focus on a brighter future."

an area of land on which something is, was, or will be constructed

"Visit the site."

"The construction site is very busy."

a group of plants, especially trees, of the same species growing together in a particular area

"A stand of trees grew."

"The ancient stand of redwoods represented a vital part of the forest ecosystem."