Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 17 Vocabulary List

the internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape

"The skeletal frame of the house is made of steel."

"The skeletal frame of the house is made of steel and will be covered with brick and insulation."

a structural wall that supports the weight of the building or a significant portion of it, transmitting the load to the foundation and other structural elements

"The load-bearing wall supports the structure above."

"A load bearing wall supports the weight of the structure above it including floors and roof."

a statistical method used to model and analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

"Linear regression analysis."

"Linear regression analysis helps us understand the relationship between two variables in statistics."

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

"Base your decision on evidence."

"The movie is based on a true story about a soldier who saved many lives during the war."

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

"That is a false assumption."

"She made a wrong assumption about his intentions and later regretted it deeply."

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

"The urban center has a population of two million."

"The urban center has a population of two million and is the economic hub of the region."

in a way that forbids or effectively prevents something

"Too prohibitively expensive."

"The cost of living in that city has become prohibitively expensive for most young families."

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

"Technology enables people to work remotely."

"The scholarship enabled her to attend university because she could not afford the tuition fees without financial assistance."

large in quantity, extent, or degree

"The damage is considerable."

"The project required a considerable amount of time and money but the results were worth the investment."

to refer to a source, publication, or piece of information for evidence, support, or clarification

"Reference your sources properly."

"When writing an academic paper you must reference all of your sources to avoid plagiarism."

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

"The evidence is empirical."

"The scientist relied on empirical evidence gathered from experiments rather than on theories or opinions that could not be tested."

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

"The house is relatively cheap."

"The house is relatively cheap compared to others in the same neighborhood because it needs some repairs and renovations."

fitting for a specific purpose, situation, or person

"He is suited for the job."

"The quiet library was well suited for studying and the students appreciated the peaceful atmosphere without distractions."

a student who is trying to complete their first degree in college or university

"She is an undergraduate."

"She completed her undergraduate degree in biology before deciding to pursue a master program in environmental science at a different university across the country."

the quality of being full of energy, enthusiasm, liveliness, and excitement

"The puppy was full of exuberance and ran around the yard."

"Exuberance is a quality of overflowing energy and enthusiastic high spirits"

the act of providing a sum of money for running a business, activity, project, or individual needs, typically through loans, investments, etc.

"Financing is available."

"The project needs financing before it can begin."

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

"Teachers assess student performance regularly."

"The teacher will assess the students' performance based on their homework participation and final exam scores."

the ability of something to work successfully or be effective in practice

"We are testing the viability of the project."

"The economic viability of the new project was carefully studied before approval."

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

"The price depends on supply and demand."

"The price of goods is determined by supply and demand in a free market economy system."

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

"The reports are conflicting."

"The conflicting reports made it impossible to know what really happened during the protest."

made or designed for a specific function

"He has specialized knowledge."

"The specialized medical equipment can only be operated by trained professionals because it is very complex and dangerous to use incorrectly."

to provide funds or an amount of money

"The bank finances the new project."

"The bank agreed to finance the construction of the new shopping center by providing a large long term loan to the developers."

a sheltered area of water along the coast where ships, boats, and other vessels can anchor safely, typically protected from rough seas by natural or artificial barriers

"The harbor is busy."

"The fishing boats returned to the harbor at sunset unloading their catch of cod and haddock onto the docks where buyers were already waiting."

to think of someone or something in a particular way

"I regard him as a friend."

"Many people regard him as the best doctor in the city because he has saved countless lives."

a principle or instruction based on which a person should behave or act in a particular situation

"The guideline is clear."

"The safety guidelines clearly state that all workers must wear hard hats and safety goggles while in the construction zone."

a rate of charging by the linear foot of work done

"This is the footage."

"The security camera footage provided a clear, albeit grainy, record of the events that transpired."

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

"We must tackle climate change now."

"The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment by creating more jobs for young people."

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

"I argue my point."

"He will argue that the new policy is essential for economic growth and stability."

large watertight chamber used for construction under water

"Use the caisson now."

"Engineers employed a large caisson to create a dry working environment for underwater bridge construction."

underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water

"The water table is low."

"A prolonged drought caused the water table to drop significantly, impacting local wells."

extremely careful and attentive to detail

"Be thorough with this."

"A thorough investigation is required to understand the root cause of the problem."

a time of great economic growth

"The boom continues fast"

"The economic boom continues fast with rising investments and growing consumer confidence"

to produce a specific result or effect

"This will serve well."

"His extensive experience in project management will serve him well in his new leadership role."

to weigh relevant information to understand a situation or form a conclusion

"Please consider this."

"We need to carefully consider all the available options before making a decision."

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

"He has good credit."

"The bank approved the loan based on her excellent credit history and financial stability."

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

"She estimates the cost of repairs."

"The contractor estimated that the repairs would cost approximately five thousand dollars and take two weeks to complete."

a complete change, resulting in a situation that is opposite to the previous one

"It is a reverse."

"The company experienced a complete reverse in its fortunes after the economic downturn."

a brief section added at the end of a literary work, providing closure, commentary, or resolution

"The epilogue told what happened after the story ended."

"The epilogue of the book takes place ten years after the main story ends and shows what happened to all of the main characters."

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

"This approach works very well."

"The new approach to teaching mathematics has helped students understand complex problems more easily than before."

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

"New trend became popular."

"The trend in sales continued for months."

to use information, knowledge, or past experience to aid in performing a task or achieving a goal

"Draw on your experience."

"The artist likes to draw on her personal experiences of travel and nature for inspiration when creating new paintings."

the attraction and allure that makes one interesting

"Strong appeal made."

"The antique vase possessed a unique appeal that captivated collectors from all over the world."

covering or including a wide range of topics, subjects, or people

"The topic is broad."

"The conference offered a broad range of workshops covering everything from advanced technology to personal development."

a hole in the ground made by excavating

"The excavation is deep."

"The archaeological excavation revealed ancient artifacts dating back thousands of years."

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

"People associate dark clouds with rain."

"Most people associate the color red with love and passion but it can also symbolize danger and anger."

a sum of money paid or spent

"This expenditure is high."

"The company's annual report detailed a significant expenditure on research and development."

a belief or idea that many people think is true but is actually not based on facts

"That is a myth."

"The idea that you can get rich quick is a common myth with no factual basis."