Test 4 - Reading - Passage 1 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 17 Vocabulary List

in a manner choosing one option over another based on a preference or tendency

"He was treated preferentially."

"Loyal customers are sometimes treated preferentially with early access to new products."

to search for and collect food, typically in natural surroundings such as forests or fields

"The bears forage for berries."

"The hungry bears forage for berries and insects in the forest during the late summer months before hibernation begins."

easily affected by external factors

"She is susceptible to colds."

"She is susceptible to colds so she washes her hands frequently to avoid getting sick."

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

"The cockroach infestation was hard to eliminate."

"The termite infestation caused thousands of dollars in damage before the homeowner discovered it."

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

"It is an indication."

"The dark clouds were a clear indication that a severe thunderstorm would arrive within the next hour."

to overrun in large numbers

"Rats infest the old building."

"The old abandoned house was infested with rats and cockroaches and was considered unsafe to enter."

any fruit with a sour taste, such as oranges, limes, and tangerines

"Lemons and oranges are citrus fruits."

"Citrus fruits like oranges lemons and grapefruits are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants."

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

"Malaria spreads through mosquito bites."

"Malaria is a life threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes."

extremely important or essential

"This step is crucial."

"The crucial piece of evidence was found by a detective who noticed a small detail that everyone else had missed."

(birds or bats) to settle or rest on a perch or in a shelter for sleep or rest

"The chickens roost in the coop."

"The pigeons roost on the roof of the old building every night before returning to their nests in the morning."

a blood relative who lived a long time ago, usually before one's grandparents

"An ancestor lived here."

"His ancestors immigrated to the United States from Ireland during the great potato famine in the middle of the nineteenth century."

creating a positive outcome or value for both sides involved in it

"The deal is mutually beneficial."

"The mutually beneficial trade agreement helped both countries by lowering tariffs and increasing the flow of goods between them."

to increase something to the highest possible level

"We need to maximize our profits."

"The company restructured its operations to maximize profits and reduce unnecessary expenses across all departments."

to measure or express something as a number or amount

"It is hard to quantify happiness."

"It is difficult to quantify the exact amount of emotional damage caused by such a traumatic experience."

having a hopeful and positive outlook on life, expecting good things to happen

"She is optimistic about the future."

"The optimistic entrepreneur believed that her new business would succeed despite the difficult economic conditions."

to offer help to someone with a task or problem

"Can you give me a hand with this box?"

"Can you give me a hand with moving this heavy table to the other side of the room please."

forming again (especially with improvements or removal of defects); renewing and reconstituting

"The regeneration of the old industrial area takes years."

"The regeneration of the downtown area brought new businesses housing and public spaces."

to make information that was previously unknown or kept in secrecy publicly known

"The report will reveal the truth."

"The investigation revealed shocking evidence that completely changed the direction of the criminal case."

to prefer someone or something to an alternative

"I favor the blue design over red."

"The selection committee seems to favor candidates with extensive work experience over those who just graduated from university."

a chemical element or inorganic compound that green plants absorb and incorporate into their organic molecules to support growth and metabolism

"Plants need nutrient."

"Adequate nutrient availability is essential for optimal plant growth and development."

the flow of water or substances that drain away from an area of land, often carrying dirt, chemicals, or other materials

"The runoff is dirty."

"Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers can significantly pollute nearby rivers and streams."

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

"The sign indicates the correct direction."

"The arrows on the floor indicate the direction of the emergency exit in case of a fire."

to eat or drink something

"Consume less sugar for better health."

"It is important to consume enough water every day to keep your body hydrated and your organs functioning properly at all times."

an amount of money invested in a business

"She owns a large stake in the company"

"He had a personal stake in the company's success because he invested his life savings."

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

"People associate dark clouds with rain."

"Most people associate the color red with love and passion but it can also symbolize danger and anger."

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

"There is no evidence of a crime."

"Circumstantial evidence alone is insufficient for a conviction in a court of law."

a person or animal that carries a disease, without suffering from it themselves, and transmits to other people or animals

"He is a carrier."

"The mosquito acted as a silent carrier of the virus, infecting many people without showing any symptoms itself."

to show or mention something to someone and give them enough information to take notice

"I will point it out."

"The teacher decided to point out the common grammatical errors to the students before the exam."

existing in smaller amounts than what is needed

"Water is scarce here."

"Clean drinking water is scarce in many parts of Africa and Asia today."

deserving deep respect and admiration due to its spiritual, religious, or significant importance

"This is sacred."

"The ancient temple is considered sacred by the local community, holding deep spiritual significance."

having the possibility to develop or be developed into something particular in the future

"He has potential."

"The potential benefits of the new treatment outweigh the risks and the doctors recommended that the patient try it."

to help or support the progress or development of something

"They promote equality."

"The organization works tirelessly to promote understanding and cooperation among diverse cultural communities worldwide."

to set a piece of equipment in place and make it ready for use

"We install the new TV."

"The technicians will install the advanced security system by tomorrow morning."

a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

"The population is large."

"Conservation efforts aim to protect the entire population of this endangered species."

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

"The yield was good."

"The farmer was pleased with the substantial yield from his apple orchard this year."

able to continue for a long period of time

"This plan is sustainable."

"The company adopted sustainable practices to ensure long-term environmental viability."

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

"They carry out the plan carefully."

"The scientist needed special permission to carry out his dangerous experiment safely."

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

"The finding surprised all scientists."

"The finding of the research showed that children who read more books tend to perform better in school."

the typical way a person thinks or feels about something or someone, often affecting their behavior and decisions

"Her attitude is positive."

"His positive attitude towards challenges helped him succeed where others gave up after facing initial difficulties or setbacks."