Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 17 Vocabulary List

to a very great degree

"I am immensely grateful for your support."

"I am immensely grateful for your support during this difficult time and I will never forget your kindness."

in a manner that consists mostly of a specific kind, quality, etc.

"The population is predominantly Christian."

"The population is predominantly Christian but there are also small Muslim and Jewish communities living in the city."

related to the connection between animals, plants, and humans and their environment

"The damage is ecological."

"The ecological damage caused by the oil spill will take decades to repair and many species of fish and birds have been affected."

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

"Carbon emission contributes to global warming."

"Carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels were the primary driver of climate change."

forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity

"The virgin forest has never been logged."

"The virgin forest has never been logged and contains trees that are hundreds of years old."

to be constructed from or made up of certain things or people

"The team consists of five players."

"The committee will consist of ten members who will be elected by the board next week."

a store, person, or business that sells goods to the public for their own use, not for resale

"The retailer opened early"

"The retailer expanded business across multiple cities and increased sales significantly this year"

to demand something firmly and persistently

"I insist on speaking with manager."

"My mother always insists on washing the dishes immediately after dinner instead of letting them soak in the sink."

the practice of openly sharing information, sources, and processes to maintain trust, credibility, and accountability with the audience

"Transparency means openness about methods."

"Transparency in journalism is the practice of being open about sources methods and potential conflicts of interest."

to indirectly suggest something

"She dropped a hint about birthday gift."

"She dropped several hints about what she wanted for her birthday but he did not seem to notice them."

in a manner expressing the capability or likelihood of something happening or developing in the future

"This could potentially help you."

"This decision could potentially change your life so think carefully before you make any final choices."

a diverse group of organisms that include mushrooms, yeasts, and molds, characterized by their ability to decompose organic matter

"Mushrooms are a type of edible fungi."

"Fungi like mushrooms and yeast played important roles in food production and fermentation."

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

"Some bacteria can make us sick."

"Not all bacteria are harmful; in fact, many types of bacteria in our digestive system are essential for good health."

any cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.

"Frogs are a type of amphibian."

"An amphibian is a cold-blooded vertebrate that begins life in water with gills and later develops lungs for a terrestrial adult existence."

a class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin

"Snakes and lizards are reptiles."

"A reptile is a cold-blooded vertebrate covered in scales"

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

"The forest is an ecosystem."

"A healthy ecosystem depends on the balance between living organisms and their environment."

an increase in the amount, size, importance, or degree of something

"The city plans an expansion."

"The expansion of the company into international markets required significant investment and careful planning over several years."

a reason, explanation, or excuse that demonstrates something to be right, reasonable, or necessary

"There is no justification for rudeness."

"He had no strong justification for his rude behavior during the meeting yesterday."

in a gradual and even way

"He steadily climbed the ladder."

"He steadily climbed the ladder despite his fear of heights because he needed to clean the gutters before the rain started."

(of plants) growing on another plant without taking anything from it, usually just using it for support

"The plant is epiphytic."

"The epiphytic plant grows on trees without taking nutrients from the soil and it gets moisture from the air and rain."

a plant or animal that plays a very important role in keeping the balance of its environment, and if it disappears, many other living things can be affected

"The starfish is a keystone species in the intertidal zone."

"The starfish is a keystone species in the intertidal zone and its removal causes drastic ecosystem changes."

the total amount of something that is produced, as in agriculture or an industry

"The yield was good."

"The farmer was pleased with the substantial yield from his apple orchard this year."

the amount of space that a substance or object takes or the amount of space inside an object

"This bottle has a large volume."

"The total volume of the gas increased significantly when the temperature rose."

a plant that is grown for food over large areas of land

"The crop is healthy."

"Farmers rotate their crops each season to prevent soil depletion and reduce the buildup of pests that target specific plants."

to isolate a substance, typically a metal ion, within a compound to prevent it from reacting with other substances

"Sequester the metal."

"The chelating agent was used to sequester the toxic metal ions from the solution."

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

"We need to find an alternative route."

"Since the main road was closed due to construction, we had to find an alternative route through the countryside to reach the village on time."

impossible or very hard to control

"The situation got out of hand."

"After the initial incident, the protest quickly escalated and became completely out of hand."

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

"Agencies regulate food and drug safety."

"The government agency was created to regulate the pharmaceutical industry and ensure that all new drugs are safe for public use."

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

"The project is sustainable."

"The sustainable farming practices protect the soil and water for future generations to use."

a group of people who are gathered together for a common purpose

"It's a party."

"The search party meticulously combed the dense forest for any signs of the missing hiker."

to successfully accomplish or fulfill a task, goal, or requirement as expected or necessary

"We must meet the goal."

"The project team worked diligently to meet the stringent deadlines and deliver the product on time."

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

"The assessment was fair."

"The teacher's careful assessment of the student's work revealed significant areas for improvement."

a supply of something available for future use

"We have stock."

"The company decided to increase its stock of raw materials in anticipation of higher demand next quarter."

the guidelines or principles that help decide whether something meets a specific expectation or requirement

"What are the criteria?"

"The selection committee will use specific criteria to evaluate all the submitted applications."

to meet or fulfill the requirements, conditions, or expectations of something or someone

"This will satisfy you."

"The chef's exquisite presentation and delicious flavors were designed to satisfy even the most discerning palates."

endorsed authoritatively as having met certain requirements

"The teacher is certified."

"The certified public accountant reviewed the company's financial statements and confirmed that they were accurate and complete."

having the same meaning, quality, value, etc. as a different person or thing

"This is equivalent."

"A master's degree is considered equivalent to several years of advanced professional experience in this field."

(of land) unable to support the growth of plants

"The land is sterile."

"Due to the arid climate and poor soil quality, the desert landscape remained largely sterile."

a particular way in which something is done or happens

"That is the fashion."

"The latest fashion in interior design emphasizes minimalist aesthetics and natural materials."

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

"Plants need nutrient."

"A balanced diet provides essential nutrients for good health."

species that do not possess or cannot develop a spinal column, such as an arthropod, mollusk, etc.

"A jellyfish is an invertebrate with no bones inside its soft body."

"Many invertebrates, such as insects and worms, play a vital role in keeping ecosystems healthy and balanced."

the practice of preparing and using land for growing crops, especially on a large scale

"Rice cultivation requires a lot of water."

"Careful cultivation of the land produces good crops every year for the farmers."

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

"These examples illustrate the problem well."

"The graph illustrates the relationship between population growth and the increasing demand for natural resources."

the process of officially validating or confirming the authenticity, quality, or standards of something or someone

"He earned his teaching certification."

"She received professional certification after passing the difficult examination last month."

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

"The new regulation affects all drivers."

"The new safety regulations require all construction workers to wear hard hats and protective boots."

to regulate or control a person, course of action or event or the way something happens

"They govern the city."

"The new administration aims to govern with transparency and accountability, addressing the needs of all citizens."

a consistent method, system, or way of doing something

"Trust is the basis of a strong friendship."

"Trust is the basis of a strong friendship and without it relationships cannot survive for long."