Test 2 - Listening - Part 4 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 17 Vocabulary List

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

"There has been a decline in sales this month."

"The country experienced economic decline after the global financial crisis hit hard last year badly."

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

"I like all fruit in particular apples."

"I like all kinds of fruit in particular apples and oranges because they are sweet and refreshing."

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

"A new millennium began."

"The ancient civilization flourished for nearly a millennium before its eventual decline."

to a large extent

"I have a great deal of respect for you."

"She has spent a great deal of time practicing the piano and her skill shows it."

in a manner that consists mostly of a specific kind, quality, etc.

"The population is predominantly Christian."

"The population is predominantly Christian but there are also small Muslim and Jewish communities living in the city."

to a certain degree or extent in comparison to something else

"This is comparatively cheap."

"The new model is comparatively more efficient than the previous one."

so large or impressive that it is difficult to comprehend or believe

"The debt is staggering."

"The sheer amount of data collected by the project was staggering."

making one feel worried, upset, or uneasy about something

"The news is troubling."

"The recent increase in crime rates is a troubling trend for the community."

the first language that a baby acquires naturally

"Her mother tongue is French."

"He is fluent in English, but his mother tongue is Mandarin Chinese."

interested or ready to do something

"She is willing to try."

"She was willing to try the new recipe, even though she had never cooked that dish before in her life."

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

"He can't justify it."

"The young man tried to justify his rude behavior by saying that he was very tired and stressed from work."

a disadvantage or the feature of a situation that makes it unacceptable

"The main drawback is the high cost."

"The main drawback of living in a big city is the high cost and heavy traffic every single day."

to distribute or assign resources, funds, or tasks for a particular purpose

"We allocate funds for projects."

"The company decided to allocate a significant portion of its budget towards research and development for new products."

to obtain or procure a product, material, or service from a particular supplier, location, or country

"Source the materials now."

"The company decided to source its raw materials from local suppliers to reduce transportation costs and support the community."

a feeling of disbelief or uncertainty about something

"Doubt can be useful."

"She had doubt about the answer until she checked the notes."

unable to be prevented

"Change is inevitable."

"Change is inevitable so we should accept it and adapt rather than fighting against it."

to bring up a topic or issue for discussion or consideration

"He raised a question today."

"During the meeting, one of the employees raised a question about whether the new policy would affect their vacation days."

used to say that something such as a number or amount is not exact

"The trip takes approximately two hours."

"The trip takes approximately two hours depending on traffic conditions and the route you choose to take."

a country with clear borders where most people share the same culture, language, or history, and it governs itself independently

"The nation-state is the primary political unit in the modern world."

"The nation state is the primary political unit in the modern world and most people belong to one."

a scheduled period of teaching, instruction, or learning activities conducted within a defined timeframe

"The morning session ends at noon."

"The morning session ends at noon and the afternoon session begins after a one hour lunch break."

to cause a change in a person, thing, etc.

"Rain will affect picnic."

"The new government policy is expected to affect millions of low income families who rely on public assistance programs for food and housing support."

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

"These examples illustrate the problem well."

"The graph illustrates the relationship between population growth and the increasing demand for natural resources."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."

to take or adopt external elements into one's own expression or creation

"I will borrow ideas."

"The young composer was accused of borrowing heavily from classical pieces for his new symphony."

to check a web page, text, etc. without reading all the content

"Browse the website for products."

"She likes to browse the internet for hours looking at recipes and home decoration ideas for her new apartment."

a particular detail, feature, or aspect of something

"I respect that point."

"In this respect, the new policy is significantly more effective than the previous one implemented."

to help or support the progress or development of something

"They promote equality."

"The organization works tirelessly to promote understanding and cooperation among diverse cultural communities worldwide."

able to speak, understand, or use two languages fluently

"She is bilingual."

"Being bilingual has opened up many exciting career opportunities for her."

the point or degree to which something extends

"What is the extent?"

"The full extent of the damage caused by the wildfire is still being assessed by authorities."

the impact one thing or person has on another

"The influence is big."

"The celebrity's positive influence encouraged many young people to pursue their educational goals."

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

"They conduct the meeting."

"The orchestra conductor will conduct the symphony with precision and passion."

the amount of money spent to do or have something

"The company is cutting down on travel expense."

"Traveling to another country for a conference is a major expense for a small startup company."

a business or organization that is exceptionally large and influential in its field

"It is a giant company."

"Amazon is a true giant in the e-commerce industry, constantly expanding its global reach."

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

"We must tackle climate change now."

"The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment by creating more jobs for young people."

a total of money, typically owed in a financial transaction

"What is the sum?"

"The final sum required for the project completion was significantly higher than initially estimated."

a sum of money that is collected and saved for a particular purpose

"We have a school fund."

"The non-profit organization established a dedicated fund to support educational programs for underprivileged children in the community."

challenging situation that requires considerable effort

"The task is uphill."

"Getting the new legislation passed through Congress was an uphill task for the lawmakers."

a strenuous effort, especially involving difficulty or exertion

"It was a struggle."

"The small business faced a constant struggle for survival in the highly competitive economic climate."

being in good condition and without any damage or flaws

"His judgment is sound."

"The company's financial records are sound, indicating responsible management."

the unique personality that persists within an individual

"His passport shows identity."

"The artist explored themes of cultural identity in her latest exhibition."

to cause someone to worry

"This news concerns him."

"The new safety regulations concern all factory workers and anyone else who works with heavy machinery on a daily basis."

able to speak or write clearly and effortlessly

"She is fluent."

"The fluent speaker could switch effortlessly between English and Spanish and she translated for the visiting delegation."

to show or make a thought, feeling, etc. known by looks, words, or actions

"Learn to express your feelings clearly."

"Art allows people to express their emotions and ideas without using words which can be very liberating."

having a base

"It is based on facts."

"The new policy is based on extensive research and public feedback."

(usually plural) the things that are held, included, or contained within something

"What is the content?"

"The package contained a surprising amount of valuable content for its size."

to connect or link something to another thing, often making them depend on or relate to each other in some way

"Tie up the packages securely."

"The final piece of evidence helped tie up all the loose ends of the investigation and solved the mystery."