Test 3 - Reading - Passage 2 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 17 Vocabulary List

to be originated from something

"The word derives from Latin."

"Many English words derive from Latin and Greek origins which are ancient languages."

to eat a small amount of food between meals, typically as a quick and informal meal

"She snacks on fruit between meals."

"She tends to snack on healthy fruits and nuts throughout the day instead of eating three large meals."

a person, company, or country that produces large numbers of products

"The car manufacturer issues a recall."

"The manufacturer recalled thousands of vehicles due to a potential defect in the braking system."

enclosed in a package or protective covering

"The food is packaged."

"The packaged food contained preservatives to keep it fresh for months but many consumers prefer to buy fresh ingredients instead."

to increase something to the highest possible level

"We need to maximize our profits."

"The company restructured its operations to maximize profits and reduce unnecessary expenses across all departments."

to dedicate or commit oneself, time, effort, or resources to a particular purpose, activity, or cause

"Devote time to your family."

"She decided to devote all of her free time to volunteering at the local animal shelter."

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

"The farmer owns fifty hectares of land"

"One hectare equals approximately two point four seven acres of land measurement."

a unit of weight equivalent to 1000 kilograms

"The truck carries twenty tonnes of gravel."

"The truck carries twenty tonnes of gravel and the weight is clearly marked on the side."

someone who makes efforts to protect the environment and wildlife from any type of harm

"A conservationist works to protect the natural world."

"The conservationist worked tirelessly to protect the endangered species from extinction by advocating for laws that would ban hunting in the region and preserve the animal's natural habitat."

so numerous that it cannot be easily counted or quantified

"There are countless stars."

"There are countless stars in the night sky and astronomers have only studied a tiny fraction of them so far."

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

"Deforestation hurts the environment."

"Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees that destroys habitats and harms the environment."

gradually decreasing until little remains

"The supplies are dwindling."

"The dwindling supply of clean water worried the residents and the government imposed restrictions on lawn watering and car washing."

the cultivation of a single crop (on a farm or area or country)

"The vast cornfield is a monoculture"

"The vast cornfield is a monoculture lacking biodiversity and is more vulnerable to pests and disease."

related to the manufacturing or production of goods on a large scale

"The city is industrial."

"The industrial city is known for its steel mills and factories that produce heavy machinery and equipment."

a type of animal or plant that is at risk of becoming extinct

"Tigers are endangered species."

"Conservation efforts are crucial to prevent the majestic tiger from becoming another one of the world's endangered species."

the animals of a particular geological period or region

"The island has unique fauna found nowhere else."

"The island has a unique fauna that includes several species of birds and reptiles found nowhere else on Earth because of its long isolation from the mainland."

something that poses danger or the possibility of harm

"Serious threat appeared suddenly."

"The threat of fire made everyone leave."

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

"The Coral Triangle is a global center of marine biodiversity."

"Biodiversity refers to the incredible variety of life on Earth at all levels"

to officially tell people something

"The president declared a state of emergency."

"The president declared a state of emergency after the earthquake caused widespread destruction across several states."

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

"The environmentalist gave a speech on plastic pollution."

"The environmentalist gave a passionate speech about the dangers of plastic pollution in the ocean and urged everyone to reduce their use of single-use plastic bottles and bags."

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

"Customers boycotted the unfair company."

"Many consumers decided to boycott the brand after discovering that the company used child labor in its factories overseas."

showing subtle differences or complexities, often in a way that requires careful consideration

"Her argument is nuanced."

"The nuanced argument considered many different perspectives and the professor praised the student for her sophisticated analysis of the issue."

to fully remove or get rid of something

"Eliminate unnecessary words from your essay."

"The new software update should eliminate many of the bugs that users have been complaining about recently."

the sequence of processes, organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from its origin to the final customer

"The supply chain was disrupted by the global pandemic."

"A resilient supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific final product."

a country that is seeking industrial development and is moving away from an economic system that is based mainly on agriculture

"The developing country invests in infrastructure."

"The developing country received aid from international organizations to build schools and hospitals."

the resources or activities upon which an individual or household depends for their sustenance and survival

"Fishing is his main livelihood."

"Fishermen lost their livelihood when the river became too polluted for fish to survive."

land that is used for growing crops like wheat, rice, or vegetables

"The cropland is planted with wheat."

"The cropland is planted with wheat and the farmer rotates crops every year to maintain soil health."

a subject over which people disagree

"Money is a bone of contention between them."

"The main bone of contention between the two neighbours was the fence that separated their properties."

to eat or drink something

"Consume less sugar for better health."

"It is important to consume enough water every day to keep your body hydrated and your organs functioning properly at all times."

with a focus on the main aspects of a thing, situation, or person

"The course is primarily for beginners."

"The course is primarily designed for beginners who have no previous experience in the subject at all."

a feature or quality of something

"It has a nice property."

"The unique property of this material is its ability to change color with temperature."

to suddenly and forcibly take hold of something

"The army seized control of the city."

"The army moved quickly to seize control of the airport before the enemy could arrive and defend it."

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

"This accounts for it."

"Online sales now account for a substantial portion of the company's total revenue."

used to highlight how insignificant, minor, or small something is

"It was mere water."

"She dismissed his concerns as mere trifles, failing to grasp the seriousness of the situation."

a symbol that represents any number between 0 and 9

"Write the figure 5."

"She carefully wrote down each figure on the paper, ensuring that the numbers were clear and easy to read."

to refer to something as an example or proof

"Cite your sources in the bibliography."

"You must cite your sources correctly in your research paper to avoid accusations of plagiarism."

a large piece of land where many trees are grown for harvesting

"This is a plantation."

"The vast plantation was dedicated to cultivating high-quality coffee beans for export."

a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

"The population is large."

"Conservation efforts aim to protect the entire population of this endangered species."

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

"His idea is radical."

"The radical change in the company's strategy surprised investors but the new approach proved to be very successful in the long run."

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

"I argue my point."

"He will argue that the new policy is essential for economic growth and stability."

surprising or exciting in appearance or effect

"The show was dramatic."

"The sudden plot twist created a dramatic shift in the audience's perception of the characters."

based on or derived from instinct rather than rational analysis

"This is intuitive."

"Her intuitive understanding of the market allowed her to make profitable investments."

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

"He has a good argument."

"Her argument was so compelling that it convinced every member of the committee."

absolutely necessary and of great importance

"Water is vital."

"Clean drinking water is vital for human survival and access to it should be considered a basic human right."

worth doing or having

"A new car is desirable."

"A career that offers both financial security and personal fulfillment is highly desirable."

to successfully reach, achieve, or establish something that requires agreement or compromise

"They strike a deal."

"After lengthy negotiations, the two parties finally managed to strike an agreement."

having a design that prioritizes practicality and usefulness over aesthetics

"The design is utilitarian."

"The utilitarian design of the building prioritized function over beauty and the plain concrete structure was efficient but unattractive."