Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

to remove someone from active work and provide them with regular payments for their support

"The company pensioned off older workers."

"The company decided to pension off its older employees early to make room for younger and cheaper workers."

the period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age

"Retirement was peaceful."

"He planned for retirement carefully so that he could travel the world after leaving his job."

to imagine something in one's mind, often considering it as a possible future scenario

"Can you envisage the future?"

"The architect envisaged a modern building that would blend harmoniously with the historic surroundings of the city."

occurring in more than one stage

"The rocket has a multistage design."

"The rocket has a multistage design and the first stage falls away after the fuel is exhausted."

training for a new occupation

"The factory workers undergo retraining for new machinery."

"The factory workers undergo retraining for new machinery and learn how to operate the latest equipment."

to be established or rooted in a specific idea, belief, or principle

"The law was found on justice."

"The company's success was found on principles of innovation and customer satisfaction, guiding all its decisions."

a false idea or belief based on invalid arguments, often one that many people think is true

"That is a fallacy."

"His argument contained a common logical fallacy that made it invalid from the beginning."

relating to the end of the world or catastrophic destruction

"The scene is apocalyptic."

"The apocalyptic scene after the earthquake looked like a war zone with collapsed buildings and people trapped in the rubble."

the general condition of how many jobs are available and how many people are looking for work in a certain area or type of work

"The job market is very competitive right now."

"The job market for software developers was very competitive with many qualified candidates applying for each position."

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

"Robotics is transforming the modern manufacturing industry."

"Robotics is an exciting field of study focused on the design, construction, and operation of robots."

a state of being no longer needed or useful, often due to the existence of a duplicate or replacement

"The employee is at risk of redundancy due to layoffs."

"The employee is at risk of redundancy due to layoffs and the company offers a severance package."

the withdrawal and redistribution of forces in an attempt to use them more effectively

"The soldier awaits redeployment to a different unit."

"The soldier awaits redeployment to a different unit and will ship out next month to a new base."

to render a plan or action ineffective or unnecessary by doing something before it happens

"We preempted their move."

"The company decided to preempt the competitor's product launch by releasing their own version earlier."

characterized by growth and success

"The business is thriving."

"The thriving business expanded to three new locations and the owner credited the hardworking employees for the success."

extremely surprising or impressive

"The news is astounding."

"The astounding magician made an elephant disappear from the stage and reappear in the back of the theater."

involving a large company

"She works in a corporate office."

"The corporate lawyer works long hours at a large firm and represents big companies in complex legal disputes."

large-scale, standardized manufacturing for efficient production of identical items

"Mass production made automobiles affordable for the average citizen."

"Mass production involves the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products"

the source of trained people from which workers can be hired

"The labor force participation rate has fallen."

"The labor force participation rate has fallen as many older workers have retired early."

feeling anger because of perceived unfairness or wrongdoing

"She feels resentful."

"The resentful employee complained that her coworker received a promotion despite doing less work and she considered quitting her job."

showing the intensity or greatness of something

"Her insight is profound."

"The profound impact of the book changed the way she thought about the world and she recommended it to everyone she knew."

the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning or evidence

"She has strong intuition."

"She relied on her strong intuition to make the correct decision in a very difficult situation."

trust and confidence placed in someone or something

"His reliance on caffeine is strong."

"The country has heavy reliance on imported oil for its energy needs every single year."

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

"Nota bene means "note well" in Latin."

"The nota bene at the bottom of the page warned readers about an important exception."

pleasing and likely to arouse interest or desire

"The job offer is appealing."

"The idea of a tropical vacation proved incredibly appealing to the weary office workers."

to a degree that is enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose

"The room was adequately heated."

"The room was adequately heated so we did not feel cold even though the temperature outside was below freezing."

a strong request or demand for people to take action, especially to prepare for a challenge or fight

"The speech was a call to arms."

"The speech was a call to arms for everyone who cares about protecting the environment for future generations."

a movement, development, or shift from one stage, subject, or place to another

"It's a transition."

"The company is undergoing a significant transition to a more sustainable business model."

leading to wrong decisions or actions due to a lack of proper judgment or understanding

"His advice is misguided."

"The misguided policy caused more harm than good and the government reversed it after widespread protests from the public."

money, property, or valuable human resources owned by a person or business

"He has capital now."

"The startup required significant capital investment to fund its ambitious expansion plans."

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

"The advent of spring."

"The advent of modern technology has changed our lives in many positive and negative ways."

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

"We must tackle climate change now."

"The government needs to tackle the problem of unemployment by creating more jobs for young people."

to make individuals to behave in a particular way

"Police enforce traffic laws strictly."

"The police are responsible for enforcing traffic laws and issuing tickets to drivers who violate them."

to make or arrange a plan for a series of events, activities, etc. for a specific purpose or audience

"We will program the event."

"The organizers will program a series of workshops to cater to diverse professional interests."

a period of time when one is free from duties and can do fun activities or relax

"Leisure is valuable."

"She used her leisure time to rest and enjoy simple things."

(of a manner) showing confidence and willingness to take risks, often without fear or hesitation

"Be bold and try."

"The explorer's bold decision to venture into uncharted territory captivated the public's imagination."

to make sure that something will occur

"The store guarantees customer satisfaction fully."

"The store cannot guarantee that the product will be in stock next week because they are selling very quickly."

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

"It has great capacity."

"The stadium has the capacity to hold over fifty thousand spectators."

a source for getting basic necessities in order to survive

"This is for subsistence."

"Many rural communities rely on subsistence farming for their daily survival needs."

to officially declare or deliver a judgment, verdict, or decision

"Pronounce the word."

"The judge will pronounce the final verdict after careful deliberation by the jury."

a profound transformation in societal norms, beliefs, or systems

"A revolution happened."

"The invention of the printing press sparked a revolution in the dissemination of knowledge."

to cause something to change

"Do not alter the original document."

"The new medication may alter your sleep patterns so take it in the morning rather than at night."

the harmonious or balanced relationship among the parts of something in size, amount, or degree

"The proportion looks right."

"The architect achieved a perfect proportion between the building's height and its width."

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

"This is a key sector."

"The technology sector has experienced rapid growth, driving innovation and creating numerous job opportunities."

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

"This is a key point."

"The key factor in the success of the project was the excellent communication between the team members."

one of the things that affects something or contributes to it

"Money is one factor."

"Climate change is an important factor that affects the migration patterns of birds across different continents."

entry into a place or situation without permission, invitation, or welcome

"The intrusion scared them."

"The accidental intrusion into the private meeting caused significant embarrassment for the organizers."

used to talk about what one expects or likes to happen

"You ought to eat well."

"You ought to apologize for your rude behavior because you really hurt her feelings with your words."

to serve as a clear instance or representation of a broader concept or situation

"This illustrates the point."

"This case study will effectively illustrate the challenges faced by small businesses in a competitive market."

to discourage or prevent someone from doing something, usually by creating fear or doubt in their mind

"Rain will deter the picnic."

"The high cost of repairs might deter people from buying that particular model."

a method, product, way of doing something, etc. that is newly introduced

"The telephone was a major innovation."

"The company's innovation in battery technology gave it a competitive advantage over other manufacturers."

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

"There is a promotion."

"The company launched a new advertising campaign as a promotion for their latest product."

a resemblance or comparison between two things

"Show the parallel."

"There is a striking parallel between the challenges faced by emerging economies today and those of the past."

following established practices or standards that are widely accepted or commonly used

"This is a conventional method."

"The company decided to stick with conventional marketing strategies instead of innovative ones."

the path or direction of change or development that leads to a specific outcome or result

"The trajectory was high."

"The company's current trajectory suggests a significant increase in market share next year."

to take an opportunity or chance quickly and with determination.

"Seize the chance now."

"She decided to seize the opportunity to travel abroad before starting her career."

the way something changes or develops over time

"The course of the river."

"We are monitoring the course of the disease to understand its progression."