Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

related to the latest part of the Stone Age when humans used stones as tools and weapons

"The tool is from the neolithic era."

"The neolithic tools made of polished stone were discovered in an ancient burial site dating back over five thousand years."

(archeology) a heap of earth placed over prehistoric tombs

"The burial mound contains the remains of a Viking chieftain."

"The burial mound contains the remains of a Viking chieftain and was excavated by archaeologists."

an area of land where dead people are buried, usually not next to a church

"They visit the cemetery every Memorial Day."

"The old cemetery had gravestones dating back to the eighteen hundreds covered in moss and lichen."

used to introduce an opposing statement

"It was raining nevertheless we went out."

"It was raining heavily nevertheless we went out because we had already bought tickets for the concert."

a low area of land between mountains or hills, often with a river flowing through it

"The valley is beautiful."

"The small village was located in a peaceful valley surrounded by tall mountains and a gentle river."

a situation of being uncomfortably close to someone or something

"They were in close quarters."

"The cramped elevator forced the passengers into close quarters, leading to an awkward silence and a desire for personal space."

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

"This event is Common Era."

"The Common Era calendar is used worldwide today and it counts years starting from the birth of Jesus."

with regard to how people see things or use light, especially with lenses or visual processes

"The lens is optically clear."

"The device is optically powered and it uses light instead of electricity to transmit data between its components."

light from nonthermal sources

"The luminescence of the fireflies lights up the night."

"The luminescence of the fireflies lights up the night and creates a magical atmosphere in the forest."

related to the study or exploration of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and sites

"The site is archeological."

"The archeological dig uncovered ancient pottery and tools that provided new insights into the lives of early settlers."

the black or brownish substance consisted of organic remains, rock particles, and clay that forms the upper layer of earth where trees or other plants grow

"Plants need good soil to grow."

"The farmer tested the pH level of the soil to determine which crops would grow best in that particular field."

used to provide an alternative or clearer way of expressing the same idea

"He is lazy in other words."

"He is lazy in other words he does not like to work and always finds excuses to avoid it."

associated with a social group of people who share common ancestry, language, and traditions, and often reside in a specific geographic area

"The dance is tribal."

"The dance is tribal and has been performed by the same group of people for hundreds of years."

a person or animal that resides in a particular place

"The island's only inhabitant is a hermit."

"The local inhabitant knew all the hidden beautiful places in the small town."

as a second choice or another possibility

"Alternatively you can take the train."

"Alternatively you can take the train instead of driving if you do not want to deal with traffic and parking."

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

"The music is celtic."

"The Celtic music festival attracts musicians from Ireland Scotland and Wales who perform traditional folk songs on harps and fiddles."

the property of producing abundantly and sustaining vigorous and luxuriant growth

"The fertility of the soil is enriched by compost."

"The fertility of the soil is enriched by compost and crop rotation techniques used by the farmer."

a group of people with extreme religious views who are separate from any established religion

"The cult is secretive."

"The cult leader brainwashed his followers into giving him all their money and possessions."

the state of being important or worthy of attention

"The discovery has great scientific significance."

"The significance of the discovery was not immediately recognized by the scientific community."

to establish the truth of something by providing evidence or testimony

"I attest to his good character."

"I can personally attest to his honesty and good character because I have known him for many years."

a collection of ancient myths, particularly one that belongs to a group of people and their history, etc.

"Greek mythology has many gods."

"The ancient Greek mythology is filled with tales of gods and heroes."

extremely interesting or captivating

"The story is fascinating."

"The fascinating documentary about space exploration made her want to become an astronaut and study the universe."

a quick or partial view of something, often fleeting or incomplete

"Quick glimpse of actor."

"I caught a quick glimpse of the famous actor as he entered the restaurant quietly."

an ancient military building built on a hill, usually surrounded by earth walls or ditches, used for protection and as a place to live

"The hillfort was built during the Iron Age."

"The hillfort was built during the Iron Age and provided a safe refuge for the local tribe during attacks."

a road or path that is rough and usually made by animals or people repeatedly walking there

"The animal made a track."

"We followed the faint track through the dense forest, hoping it would lead us out."

an object or pattern that is made by cutting solid material

"This is a carving."

"The intricate wooden carving of a mythical creature adorned the entrance to the ancient temple."

to fully understand or recognize the qualities, significance, or worth of something

"I appreciate your help."

"It is important to fully appreciate the intricate beauty of classical music's complex compositions."

about average; acceptable

"The food was adequate."

"While not spectacular, the meal provided adequate sustenance for the long journey ahead."

to reach or arrive at a specific destination or place

"They gain the town."

"After a arduous trek through the wilderness, the explorers finally gain their intended destination."

a church with buildings connected to it in which a group of monks or nuns live or used to live

"The abbey is old."

"We visited the abbey and admired the stone walls and quiet courtyard."

a graphic or vivid verbal description

"The painting's depiction of the battle is realistic."

"The painting's depiction of the battle is realistic and shows the chaos and violence of war."

to encourage or provoke a response, reaction, or activity

"Caffeine stimulates the nervous system temporarily."

"The teacher used colorful pictures and videos to stimulate the students interest in the history lesson about ancient Egypt."

an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole

"This is one unit."

"Each individual unit of the complex is designed for maximum energy efficiency."

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

"The construction takes many months."

"The construction of the new highway caused significant traffic delays for commuters throughout the entire summer."

closest to the end of a particular period of time, event, etc.

"The latter part was exciting."

"The latter part of the speech was more impactful than the beginning."

the state or period in which a country, city, etc. is taken control of by armed forces

"The occupation lasted years."

"The prolonged military occupation severely impacted the daily lives of the citizens."

to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something

"The sign indicates the correct direction."

"The arrows on the floor indicate the direction of the emergency exit in case of a fire."

a special design or sign that represents a nation, monarchy, etc.

"The emblem is official."

"The emblem stood for the city."

the act of conducting a series of fixed actions, particular to a religious ceremony

"The ritual was very important."

"The ritual has been performed by the community for centuries."

to respect and honor God or a deity, especially by performing rituals

"People worship at the temple."

"People from many different religions worship their gods in various ways including prayer meditation and attending services."

related to one's place of birth

"This is my native."

"He felt a strong connection to his native land, cherishing its traditions and landscapes above all others."

an action done to express an intention, feeling, or goodwill without necessarily using words

"He made a gesture."

"With a welcoming gesture, the host invited everyone to join the celebration."

extremely large in size

"It was a giant tree."

"The giant redwood tree towered over the forest, its massive trunk a testament to centuries of growth and resilience."

to cause something to change

"Do not alter the original document."

"The new medication may alter your sleep patterns so take it in the morning rather than at night."

to connect or link two things together, showing a relationship or connection between them

"They tie the rope."

"The intricate details of the painting tie together the entire narrative arc."