Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

a difference in interests, views, opinions, etc.

"Divergence in their opinions."

"The divergence in their career aspirations led them to pursue very different paths after graduation."

the quality of being superior

"His sense of superiority alienates his coworkers."

"His sense of superiority alienates his coworkers and no one wants to work with him."

a lack of belief or confidence in the truth or honesty of something or someone

"There is deep distrust between the two groups."

"The company's history of misleading customers created a deep distrust among potential buyers."

to predict future events, based on analysis of present data and conditions

"The report forecasts economic growth."

"The meteorologist used satellite images to forecast the path of the hurricane approaching the coast very quickly."

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

"I am reluctant to go."

"I am reluctant to lend him money because he never paid me back the last time I helped him out."

a branch of medical science that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer

"Oncology is the study and treatment of cancer."

"Oncology is the branch of medicine dedicated to the diagnosis"

the process of presenting a favorable public image of a person, firm, or institution

"Public relations department works."

"The company hired a public relations firm to repair its damaged reputation after the scandal."

to communicate with others, particularly while spending time with them

"Children need to interact with peers."

"Teachers should encourage students to interact with each other during group activities to develop social skills and teamwork."

used to introduce one aspect of a situation, often followed by a contrasting statement

"On the one hand it is cheap."

"On the one hand it is cheap but on the other hand it is not very good quality."

help and advice about how to solve a problem, given by someone who is knowledgeable and experienced

"He asked for guidance."

"The young entrepreneur sought guidance from a mentor who had successfully built several businesses already."

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

"On the other hand this option is cheaper."

"On the other hand this option is cheaper and faster but it is also less reliable than the first one."

possessing the needed skills or knowledge to do something well

"He is competent."

"She is a competent manager who can handle any problem that arises in the office without needing help from her boss."

seeming believable or reasonable enough to be considered true

"Her excuse is plausible."

"The plausible explanation for the power outage was a lightning strike but the investigators found no evidence of storm damage."

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

"Machine learning powers many modern apps."

"Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that gives computers the ability to learn from data and improve their performance on a task without being explicitly programmed with specific rules for every possible situation."

a feeling of doubt or mistrust towards someone or something, often without concrete evidence or proof

"I have a suspicion that he took the money."

"The police had strong suspicion that the man was involved in the robbery last month."

the state of not believing or accepting something as true or real

"She stares at the bill in disbelief."

"She stares at the bill in disbelief and cannot understand why the meal cost so much money."

unconventional or strange in a way that is striking or shocking

"Her outfit is outlandish."

"His outlandish outfit included a bright purple hat and shoes that lit up when he walked."

to continue doing something even though there are some hardships

"Stick to your original plan."

"You need to stick to your budget if you want to save enough money for your vacation."

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

"Her expertise was great."

"A center of expertise is a dedicated team within an organization that provides deep"

a specific case or example of something

"This instance clearly proves the main argument."

"Each instance of misconduct was carefully documented by the research team."

with a sharp or steep angle

"The roof is acutely angled."

"The roof of the ancient church was constructed with acutely angled slopes to shed heavy snow."

not in proper relation or balance to something else

"The fine is disproportionate."

"The disproportionate amount of time spent on social media affected his grades and his sleep."

to give special attention or importance to something

"Give special attention to this."

"The speaker will emphasize the key takeaways from the presentation for everyone to remember."

designed or made to be impossible to fail or make a mistake, even by someone with little skill or knowledge

"The plan is foolproof."

"The foolproof plan seemed perfect but something still went wrong and the whole mission failed."

(of a feeling, problem, or belief) to be really strong or troublesome due to having existed for a long time

"These feelings run very deep."

"The distrust between the two communities has run deep for many generations, making reconciliation extremely difficult to achieve."

books, movies, etc. about imaginary things based on science

"Science fiction often explores futuristic technology and its consequences."

"Hard science fiction is a subgenre that emphasizes scientific accuracy and detailed logical speculation"

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

"Automation uses machines now."

"Robotic process automation has significantly reduced the time needed to handle customer requests."

without taking into consideration or being influenced by a particular factor or condition

"He went regardless of the danger."

"Regardless of the cost we must buy the best equipment for the hospital."

having qualities or characteristics similar to those found in movies or cinema

"The view is cinematic."

"The view from the mountaintop was cinematic and looked like a scene from a movie."

a person who expects good things to happen and is confident about the future

"He is optimist."

"An optimist sees the bright side of a problem."

an individual who regularly questions and doubts the validity of ideas, beliefs, or information, particularly those that are commonly accepted

"He is a skeptic."

"As a natural skeptic, she always sought evidence before accepting any new claims."

not displaying feelings or giving very much information

"Her reaction was guarded."

"The politician gave a guarded response to the reporter's question and she avoided giving any specific details about the controversial topic."

having a preference or unfair judgment toward one side or viewpoint over others

"The article is biased."

"The biased article did not present both sides of the argument fairly and seemed to favor one candidate."

(of ideas, beliefs, or principles) firmly established and difficult to change

"The problem is deep-rooted."

"His deep rooted fear of spiders came from a childhood experience when he was bitten by a venomous one."

in a pertinent way

"He pertinently asked about the deadline."

"He pertinently asked about the deadline and everyone realized that they had very little time left to finish."

drawing a lot of public attention or interest

"He is a high-profile lawyer."

"The high-profile lawyer defended many famous clients and her face appeared on television news programs every week."

the act of monitoring a person or place, especially by the police

"The store has surveillance cameras."

"The store has surveillance cameras and monitors the aisles for shoplifters."

the speech act of making something evident

"The disclosure of the documents shocks the public."

"The disclosure of the documents shocks the public and leads to calls for an investigation."

having many complex parts or details that make it difficult to understand or work with

"The design is intricate."

"The intricate design of the snowflake was visible only under a microscope and each one had a unique pattern."

the internal mechanism of a device

"The inner workings of the clock are very complex."

"The inner workings of the clock are very complex and require special tools to repair."

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

"He can't justify it."

"The young man tried to justify his rude behavior by saying that he was very tired and stressed from work."

distrustful of others and skeptical of their intentions

"He is mistrustful."

"She was mistrustful of strangers and never allowed anyone new to enter her home without a background check."

beyond what is considered normal or socially acceptable

"The spending is excessive."

"The excessive use of plastic bottles harms the environment and many cities have banned single use containers to reduce waste."

the act of representing or depicting a character, role, or subject through speech, actions, and gestures in a dramatic performance

"The actor's portrayal of the king is convincing."

"The actor's portrayal of the king is convincing and he captures the character's mannerisms perfectly."

someone who buys and uses services or goods

"The consumer bought the product."

"Manufacturers must understand the evolving preferences of the modern consumer to remain competitive in the marketplace."

a public document that clearly shows what actions a company, group, or government has taken, often about data, rules, or decisions

"The company publishes a transparency report on government data requests."

"The company publishes a transparency report on government data requests and reveals how often it shares user information."

the tendency to focus on or believe information that supports what one already thinks, while ignoring information that goes against it

"Confirmation bias makes people ignore evidence that contradicts their beliefs."

"Confirmation bias makes people ignore evidence that contradicts their beliefs and seek out only supporting information."

complete confidence in a person or plan etc

"Have faith in them."

"Despite numerous setbacks, she maintained her faith in the project's ultimate success."

an estimate or prediction based on past observations or data

"A projection of sales."

"Based on current market trends, the financial projection suggests a significant increase in revenue for the next quarter."

characterized by an attitude of ready accessibility (especially about one's actions or purposes); without concealment; not secretive

"She showed openness."

"Her complete openness about her past mistakes earned her the trust of her colleagues."

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

"He had a stroke"

"He had a stroke suddenly and was immediately taken to the hospital for emergency treatment"

the ability to form mental images of things or events

"Use your imagination."

"The artist's vivid imagination allowed her to create fantastical and unique worlds."

a business or organization that is exceptionally large and influential in its field

"It is a giant company."

"Amazon is a true giant in the e-commerce industry, constantly expanding its global reach."

to provide or supply something that was expected or promised

"They will deliver it."

"The company promised to deliver the essential supplies to the disaster-stricken region promptly."

to represent a specific amount or portion of a whole

"This accounts for it."

"Online sales now account for a substantial portion of the company's total revenue."

to be of the same or similar nature

"Their opinions coincide."

"The two studies' findings coincide, suggesting a strong correlation between the variables."

to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data

"We will generate new data."

"The algorithm is designed to generate unique product recommendations based on user behavior."

(of pieces of evidence, facts, statements, etc.) to be opposite or very different in a way that it is impossible for all to be true at the same time

"His story contradicts the witness testimony entirely."

"The witness's testimony seemed to contradict the physical evidence found at the crime scene by the police investigators."

a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem

"The algorithm solved the problem quickly."

"An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise"

used to indicate a logical result or effect

"He did not study consequently he failed."

"He did not study consequently he failed the exam and had to repeat the entire course during the summer."

more than average, but not too much

"The test was fairly easy."

"The test was fairly easy and most students finished it well before the time was up."

with regard to technical skill and the technology available

"Technically, it works."

"Technically, the proposed solution is feasible, but it would require significant financial investment."

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

"I have a sense."

"There was a general sense of unease among the passengers as the storm intensified."

the details about someone's family, experience, education, etc.

"What is your background?"

"Understanding her diverse professional background helps explain her innovative approach to problem-solving."

to represent or show something or someone by a work of art

"The painting will depict."

"The mural was commissioned to depict the historical events of the city's founding."

a specific perspective or aspect from which something is viewed or interpreted

"See it in new light."

"The documentary presented the historical event in a new light, challenging previous interpretations and sparking debate."

to cause something or someone to split into opposing groups

"This will polarize the group."

"The controversial new policy threatened to polarize the nation, dividing citizens into sharply opposing camps with irreconcilable viewpoints."

an inclination or habit to act in a certain way

"He has a tendency to be late."

"There is a growing tendency for younger generations to embrace sustainable living practices."

to show someone or something in a piece of art

"This painting will represent a dog."

"The artist chose to represent the subject's inner turmoil through distorted lines."

to be of use or help in fulfilling or accomplishing something

"It will serve well."

"This comprehensive report will serve as an excellent resource for future research endeavors."

the act of applying or implementing an idea, theory, or plan into real-world actions or activities

"Good practice makes perfect."

"The consistent practice of mindfulness meditation helped him manage his daily stress effectively."

to make minor changes to something so that it is more suitable or better

"You can modify the settings easily."

"You will need to modify your workout routine if you want to see any real improvement in your strength."

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

"We will implement the change."

"The company plans to implement a new software system to streamline its customer service operations."

an observable fact, event, or situation, often unusual or not yet fully explained

"A strange phenomenon occurred."

"The aurora borealis is a beautiful natural phenomenon visible in polar regions."

to give one's time or commit oneself entirely to a certain matter, cause, or activity

"She devotes her time to charity work."

"She devotes all of her free time to volunteering at the animal shelter because she loves helping abandoned pets."

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

"This is subjective."

"Art is subjective because what one person finds beautiful another person might find ugly or boring."

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

"His familiarity with the subject helps him teach."

"His familiarity with the subject helps him teach and students appreciate his clear explanations."