Test 2 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

"The country slipped into a recession after two quarters of negative growth."

"Many people lost their jobs during the recession last year."

to finish a university, college, etc. study course successfully and receive a diploma or degree

"She will graduate from college soon."

"After four years of hard work she will finally graduate from university with a degree in chemical engineering."

the likelihood or possibility of something becoming successful in the future

"The prospect of a promotion excited her."

"The young graduate has a bright prospect for a successful career in the technology industry."

a person who takes part or engages in an activity or event

"Each participant receives a participation certificate."

"Each participant in the study was given a numbered code to protect their identity."

a group in an experiment or study that does not receive the treatment or intervention being tested

"The control group waited."

"In the drug trial, the control group received a placebo instead of the actual medication."

to form a mental image or picture of something

"Visualize your success before competing."

"The coach asked the athletes to visualize themselves winning the race before they even stepped onto the track to compete."

thinking only about oneself, not about other people's needs or desires

"He is too egocentric."

"He is too egocentric and only talks about himself without showing any interest in other people."

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

"Technology enables people to work remotely."

"The scholarship enabled her to attend university because she could not afford the tuition fees without financial assistance."

the overall view or perspective of a situation, rather than focusing on small details

"You need to look at the bigger picture."

"You need to look at the bigger picture instead of focusing on small mistakes and problems."

involving ideas rather than physical objects or experiences

"The art is conceptual."

"The conceptual framework of the theory is difficult to understand without a background in philosophy and logic."

having become fixed and definite in form

"The sugar crystallized."

"The sugar crystallized in the jar, forming hard lumps that were difficult to dissolve in the tea."

a temperamental disposition to be agreeable

"Her agreeableness is a virtue."

"Her agreeableness makes her a pleasure to work with, as she is always willing to compromise and find solutions."

characterized by emotion

"The song is affective."

"The song's affective quality resonated deeply with the audience, evoking strong emotions of joy and nostalgia."

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

"The army retaliated against the attack."

"The small country threatened to retaliate if the neighboring nation continued its military aggression."

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

"That is a false assumption."

"She made a wrong assumption about his intentions and later regretted it deeply."

a principle or idea that is abstract

"The concept is simple."

"The concept of supply and demand is fundamental to understanding how prices are determined in a market economy."

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

"Base your decision on evidence."

"The movie is based on a true story about a soldier who saved many lives during the war."

the conditions or factors that surround and influence a particular situation

"The circumstance forced us to change plans."

"She showed great strength in a very difficult circumstance last year."

to try to complete or do something difficult

"Do not attempt this dangerous stunt."

"Do not attempt to repair the electrical wiring yourself unless you are a qualified electrician because it is dangerous."

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

"A controversial decision."

"The controversial decision to build the factory near the school angered many parents and teachers in the community."

suggested or advised because it is considered good or suitable

"The book is recommended."

"The recommended strategy for success involves careful planning and consistent effort throughout the entire project."

in relation to or concerning someone or something

"Regarding your question I have no answer."

"Please call me regarding your application status as soon as you have any news."

to consider something when trying to make a judgment or decision

"Take the weather into account before you pack."

"When planning the trip we need to take the weather into account because it might rain heavily."

a change in something that does not fundamentally make it different

"The alteration is minor."

"The alteration to the original plan was minor, only requiring a slight adjustment to the timeline."

in a sequential manner, referring to actions or events occurring in a specific order

"He helped me and I in turn helped him."

"He helped me and I in turn helped him so we both benefited from our cooperation and teamwork."

he quality of not being too proud or boastful about one's abilities or achievements, and not drawing too much attention to oneself

"His modesty is genuine."

"His modesty is genuine, as he never brags about his accomplishments and always deflects praise to others."

the quality of being just or reasonable in treating people and situations

"Fairness is important in games."

"The judge's decision was praised for its fairness and impartiality in handling the complex case."

the state of being affected by facts and statistics instead of personal opinions and feelings

"Maintain objectivity when evaluating the evidence."

"Journalists should strive for objectivity by reporting facts without letting personal opinions influence their writing."

the act of shifting focus or importance away from a central person, idea, or position to highlight other parts or viewpoints

"Decentering helps understand others."

"Decentering from our own immediate concerns allows us to appreciate the diverse experiences of others."

the stage or point of highest quality, activity, success, etc.

"The show reached its peak."

"The artist's career reached its peak with the release of her critically acclaimed masterpiece."

relating to the production, distribution, and management of wealth and resources within a society or country

"The policy is economic."

"The economic downturn significantly impacted businesses, leading to widespread layoffs and reduced consumer spending."

to contemplate or think deeply about something for insight or understanding

"I will reflect on this."

"After the challenging project, she took time to reflect on her mistakes and learn from them."

to give specific tasks, duties, or responsibilities to individuals or groups

"The teacher will assign homework daily."

"The teacher will assign each student a different topic for the final research project to ensure variety in the presentations."

to demonstrate a particular quality, feeling, skill, etc.

"They display kindness."

"During the crisis, the volunteers displayed remarkable courage and unwavering dedication to assisting those in need."

tension or opposition between two simultaneous, incompatible feelings

"There is conflict."

"The internal conflict between her desire for independence and her fear of loneliness was agonizing."

a person who is not a member of a particular group, society, etc.

"He felt like an outsider."

"He felt like an outsider at the exclusive party, not knowing anyone there."

an event or happening, especially a violent, unusual or important one

"The incident was strange."

"The police are investigating the unusual incident that occurred at the downtown bank last night."

(psychology) the conscious part of the mind that mediates between the unconscious and the reality which gives one a sense of self

"His ego got hurt."

"The artist's inflated ego often interfered with his ability to accept constructive criticism from others."

willingness or readiness to receive (especially impressions or ideas)

"His openness is refreshing."

"His openness to new ideas makes him a valuable asset to the team, always willing to consider different perspectives."

an opinion that is formed after thinking carefully

"That is my judgment."

"After careful consideration, the judge's final judgment was delivered."

the result or consequence of a situation, event, or action

"The outcome was positive."

"The outcome of the election surprised everyone."

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

"This is its nature."

"The inherent nature of scientific inquiry is to constantly question and explore the unknown."

to regard something or someone as smaller or less important than they really are

"Do not underestimate your opponent's strength."

"Do not underestimate the difficulty of the exam because many students fail it every year despite studying hard."

a subdivision of a larger system or concept

"A new branch opened."

"The company decided to open a new branch in Asia to expand its global reach."

the particular characteristics that are considered when evaluating something

"These are the criteria."

"The selection committee will evaluate all applications based on specific academic and extracurricular criteria."

a defining or distinctive feature of something

"The most interesting aspect is the historical context."

"One important aspect of the job was the ability to work well under pressure."

to be faced with an unexpected difficulty during a process

"You may encounter some difficulties."

"You may encounter some difficulties while learning a new language but do not give up easily."

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

"Exercise provides great benefit for mental health"

"Regular exercise provides the benefit of improved cardiovascular health and stronger bones."

to introduce or create laws or policies

"They establish new rules."

"The government decided to establish stricter regulations to protect the environment."

a specific extent on a scale that represents the intensity, amount, or level of something

"What degree of heat?"

"The degree of success achieved by the project far exceeded everyone's initial expectations."

the point or degree to which something extends

"What is the extent?"

"The full extent of the damage caused by the wildfire is still being assessed by authorities."

to think about someone or something in a specified way

"I regard it highly."

"Many people regard him as the best doctor in the city because he has saved so many lives."

lacking interest or emotional involvement

"He seems detached."

"The detached observer watched the argument without getting involved and he took notes on the behavior of both parties."

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

"She tends to arrive late daily."

"Young children tend to imitate the behavior of their parents and other adults around them."