Test 1 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

the practice of giving professional advice within a particular field

"McKinsey & Company is one of the world's most powerful consultancy firms."

"A strategy consultancy is a professional service firm that provides high-level advice to corporations on their most complex"

all the individuals who work in a particular company, industry, country, etc.

"The workforce is happy."

"The company invested in training programs to improve the skills and productivity of its entire workforce."

the use of machines and computers in a production process that was formerly operated by people

"Automation uses machines now."

"Robotic process automation has significantly reduced the time needed to handle customer requests."

(of something abstract) given a physical form

"Justice embodied in law."

"The embodied spirit of the team was resilience and they never gave up even when they were losing by twenty points."

interrupting or disturbing the normal flow or function of something

"His behavior is disruptive."

"The disruptive student kept talking during the lesson and the teacher asked him to leave the classroom."

not having a material body

"A disembodied spirit appeared."

"The disembodied voice came from the speaker on the wall and the students listened carefully to the announcement."

being determined by conditions or circumstances that follow

"The child is dependent on his parents."

"The small island nation is heavily dependent on tourism for its economy and a drop in visitors would be disastrous."

to do better than someone or something

"This car outperforms all its competitors."

"The small startup managed to outperform all of its larger competitors in terms of customer satisfaction and product quality."

to develop something using certain facts, ideas, situations, etc.

"Base your decision on evidence."

"The movie is based on a true story about a soldier who saved many lives during the war."

an improvement that makes something more agreeable

"The enhancement was nice."

"The latest software update includes a significant enhancement to the user interface."

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

"She has cognitive abilities."

"Cognitive abilities such as memory and problem solving can be improved with regular mental exercise and challenging puzzles."

(often plural) systems used in transmitting messages over a distance electronically

"The telecom company builds a new cell tower."

"The telecom company builds a new cell tower and improves signal coverage in rural areas."

a person whose job is selling goods

"The salesperson helped me find the right shoes."

"The salesperson listened carefully to the customer's needs rather than simply pushing the most expensive product."

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

"Teachers assess student performance regularly."

"The teacher will assess the students' performance based on their homework participation and final exam scores."

a situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important

"She faced a serious career dilemma recently"

"She faced a dilemma accept the job in another city or stay with her aging parents."

high level of skill, knowledge, or proficiency in a particular field or subject matter

"Her expertise was great."

"A center of expertise is a dedicated team within an organization that provides deep"

related to a particular occupation, profession, or job

"The hazard is occupational."

"The occupational hazard of being a firefighter includes exposure to dangerous chemicals and the risk of serious injury."

information collected about customers, competitors, and market trends that helps a business make better decisions and stay competitive

"Market intelligence helps the company understand competitors."

"Market intelligence helps the company understand competitors and make better strategic decisions."

a person who manages relationships with clients, ensuring their needs are met and helping maintain business between the client and the company

"The account manager meets with the client quarterly."

"The account manager meets with the client quarterly and reviews their advertising campaign performance."

a person's profession or job, typically the means by which they earn a living

"What is your occupation?"

"His occupation as a firefighter requires bravery and physical fitness but he says the most rewarding part is helping families escape dangerous situations safely."

to adjust oneself to fit into a new environment or situation

"Animals adapt to their environment."

"Animals must adapt quickly to changing environmental conditions if they want to survive in the wild."

work, particularly difficult physical work

"Hard labor needed."

"Child labor is illegal in most countries because it exploits vulnerable young people."

a set of rules used by digital systems to decide what content to show users based on their behavior and preferences

"The algorithm shows new posts."

"Social media platforms utilize a complex algorithm to curate personalized content feeds for each user."

to take responsibility for something and start to do it

"She will undertake a huge project."

"The scientist decided to undertake a dangerous expedition to study the effects of climate change in Antarctica."

an official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do

"She signed a three-year contract with the firm."

"The football player signed a three-year contract with his new team worth millions of dollars."

to bring things together in one place

"Gather your belongings before leaving."

"The protesters began to gather in the town square as early as six in the morning to prepare for the demonstration."

(economics) the measure of how much is produced per input or time, reflecting efficiency in creating goods or services

"Productivity increased today."

"Implementing new software significantly boosted the team's overall productivity and output."

a phenomenon or event that follows from and is caused by a previous action or occurrence

"Serious consequence followed."

"The consequence of not paying your bills on time is that your credit score will drop and future loans will be more expensive or harder to get."

the point or degree to which something extends

"What is the extent?"

"The full extent of the damage caused by the wildfire is still being assessed by authorities."

(often plural) the branch of electrical engineering concerned with the technology of electronic communication at a distance

"Telecommunication is important."

"Advances in telecommunication have dramatically reduced the barriers of distance for global communication."

to characterize or determine the essential qualities or attributes of someone or something

"Define the object's shape."

"It is crucial to accurately define the scope and objectives of the project before proceeding."

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

"It was a campaign."

"The political campaign aimed to raise awareness about environmental protection issues."

only thinking about immediate benefits and not considering future consequences

"This is short-sighted."

"Their short-sighted approach to environmental policy ignored the long-term consequences for future generations."

used to indicate the means or method by which something is achieved or brought about

"The method whereby."

"They established a new committee whereby all members could contribute their unique perspectives and skills."

available as an option for something else

"We need an alternative route."

"We need an alternative route because the main road is closed for construction."

a systematic consideration

"The exploration was long."

"The systematic exploration of the ancient ruins yielded invaluable insights into the civilization's history."

the testing of an idea

"Experimentation is key."

"Rigorous experimentation is essential to validate scientific hypotheses and advance our knowledge."

an example of a certain kind of situation

"This is a common case."

"In this particular case, the evidence strongly suggests innocence."

to provide or supply something with the necessary material, resources, or energy to function

"Feed the dog food."

"The solar panels will feed energy directly into the national grid throughout the day."

to give a written or spoken description of an event to someone

"Report the incident now."

"The eyewitness was asked to report everything she saw to the police immediately after the accident occurred."

a hypothetical sequence of events or a plausible situation that could unfold

"Imagine this scenario."

"The contingency plan outlined a detailed scenario for responding to potential cybersecurity threats."

a goal that one wants to achieve

"The main objective is to reduce costs."

"The main objective is to reduce costs by twenty percent while maintaining the same quality level."

clear enough to be easily understood

"The explanation was transparent."

"The transparent windows allowed natural light to fill the room and the workers enjoyed the bright cheerful atmosphere."

a limit that defines distinctions or separations between particular elements, such as ideas, cultures, or rules

"Respect the boundary."

"We walked along the boundary of the field."

(of something) to slowly and steadily spread or move, often in a way that is hard to notice at first

"The water will creep."

"A sense of unease began to creep into the room as the storm clouds gathered ominously."