Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

a book with a cover that is made of thick paper

"The paperback was cheap."

"She preferred the paperback because it was light and easy to carry."

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

"He is my peer."

"As a member of the House of Lords he is considered a peer of the realm."

to arrange items or events in a particular order

"Sequence the steps carefully."

"The scientist needed to sequence the DNA samples carefully to identify any genetic mutations in the patient's cells."

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

"Put the events in chronological order."

"Put the events in chronological order from the earliest to the most recent so it makes sense."

a standard or expectation that guides behavior within a group or society

"This behavior is outside the social norm."

"Working from home became the norm for many office employees during the pandemic lockdowns."

happening without being planned or deliberately caused

"The consequence was unintended."

"The unintended consequence of the new law was that many small businesses had to close."

unintended negative consequence or harm resulting from an action

"The military strike unfortunately caused collateral damage."

"The military strike unfortunately caused collateral damage including civilian homes and a school."

to motivate or encourage someone by offering benefits or rewards

"The bonus incentivizes hard work."

"The government plans to incentivize companies to hire more workers by offering them significant tax breaks."

easily affected by external factors

"She is susceptible to colds."

"She is susceptible to colds so she washes her hands frequently to avoid getting sick."

to do something in order to make up for a wrongdoing or to make things right

"We need to redress this injustice."

"The new law aims to redress the historical injustices suffered by indigenous people by providing compensation and land rights."

to establish deeply and firmly, often making something difficult to change or remove

"The habit entrenched itself."

"The new policies were designed to entrench the company's market position and deter competitors."

referring to traits that are present from birth and are influenced by genetic inheritance, such as medical conditions or physical features

"Her talent is inborn."

"Her inborn talent for music was evident from a very young age when she could play piano by ear."

to bring back something from the memory

"I cannot recall his name."

"The witness could not recall the exact details of the accident because it happened very quickly."

formed or created by joining two or more elements or parts together

"The effort is combined."

"The combined efforts of the entire team led to a successful product launch that exceeded all sales expectations."

existing or spreading among many people, groups, or communities through communication, influence, or awareness

"The disease is widespread."

"The widespread use of smartphones has changed the way people communicate and access information in their daily lives."

to make something right when it was previously incorrect, improper, or defective

"Please rectify the spelling error."

"The technician was called in to rectify the electrical problem that had caused a power outage."

someone or something on which a study or experiment is performed

"The subject is tired."

"The scientist carefully observed the subject's reaction to the new medication over several weeks."

the attraction and allure that makes one interesting

"Strong appeal made."

"The antique vase possessed a unique appeal that captivated collectors from all over the world."

surpassing others in terms of overall goodness or excellence

"The product is superior."

"The superior quality of the handmade furniture was obvious compared to the cheap factory made pieces."

to rebuild or reimagine something from the past, often using research or gathered information

"We will reconstruct it."

"Historians will attempt to reconstruct the events of the lost civilization through archaeological evidence."

to direct or participate in the management, organization, or execution of something

"They conduct the meeting."

"The orchestra conductor will conduct the symphony with precision and passion."

to notice or see someone or something that is hard to do so

"She spots her friend in the crowd."

"The eagle spotted a small rabbit in the grass below and immediately dove down to catch its prey."

to take a small portion or specimen of something for examination, testing, or as a representation of a larger whole

"You can sample the cheese before buying."

"The customers were invited to sample several different kinds of cheese before deciding which one they wanted to buy from the store."

to mentally understand information or concepts

"She grasped the concept quickly."

"It took me a long time to grasp the difficult concept of quantum physics but eventually I understood the basic idea behind it."

to become aware or conscious of something

"How do you perceive this situation?"

"Humans perceive the world through their five main senses which are sight hearing touch taste and smell working all together."

easy to comprehend or perform without any difficulties

"The answer is straightforward."

"The instructions for assembling the furniture were surprisingly straightforward, making the process quite simple."

a decline in effectiveness or function due to underuse or neglect

"Muscle atrophy can happen."

"Without regular exercise, the muscles began to atrophy due to disuse."

to move through a challenging area with careful consideration of obstacles

"We navigate the sea."

"The team had to navigate the complex legal system to secure the necessary permits."

happening continuously without stopping for a long time

"The noise is constant."

"The constant noise from the construction site made it impossible to concentrate on my work or take a nap."

an overwhelming stream of spoken or written messages delivered in rapid succession

"He faced a bombardment of questions."

"The journalist endured a relentless bombardment of criticism regarding his recent article."

to move back or withdraw to a safer or more comfortable place, especially to avoid something unpleasant

"They retreat now."

"The hikers had to retreat down the mountain due to the sudden and severe thunderstorm."

a supply of something available for future use

"We have a store of food."

"The pantry was a well-stocked store of non-perishable goods for emergencies."

to change without becoming totally different

"We can alter the dress."

"The tailor will alter the suit slightly to ensure a perfect and comfortable fit."

to suggest that one thing is the logical consequence of the other

"It does imply something."

"His hesitant response seemed to imply that he was not entirely truthful."

to be able to say who or what someone or something is

"Can you identify the suspect?"

"The witness was asked to identify the robber from a lineup of several suspects at the police station this morning."

far beyond what is normal or typical

"That was extraordinary!"

"Her extraordinary talent for painting emerged at a surprisingly young age."

the ability or power to achieve something or develop into a certain state in the future

"It has great capacity."

"The stadium has the capacity to hold over fifty thousand spectators."

to slightly alter or move something in order to improve it or make it work better

"Adjust your seat before driving."

"You may need to adjust the seat height if you cannot reach the pedals comfortably while driving the car."

in regard to what someone has said or written

"According to the teacher we have homework."

"According to the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow so bring an umbrella."

an overall way in which something is changing or developing

"New trend became popular."

"The trend in sales continued for months."

a piece of information discovered as a result of a research

"The finding surprised all scientists."

"The finding of the research showed that children who read more books tend to perform better in school."

concerned only with surface-level appearances or trivial matters, lacking depth or genuine understanding

"His interest was superficial."

"He only had a superficial understanding of the issue, focusing on minor details."

the subject matter or information covered in a speech, literary work, or other forms of communication, distinct from its style or presentation

"The content was good."

"While the presentation was visually appealing, the actual content of the lecture lacked depth."

marked by separation of or from usually contiguous elements

"The house was isolated."

"The remote village remained isolated from the rest of the country for months."

extremely careful and attentive to detail

"Be thorough with this."

"A thorough investigation is required to understand the root cause of the problem."

a period of history marked by particular features or events

"The invention of the printing press began a new era."

"The digital era has completely transformed the way people communicate around the world."