Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 · Cambridge IELTS Academic 16 Vocabulary List

a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about

"The heading shows the topic."

"Each chapter begins with a clear heading that summarizes its main content."

a man-made object, tool, weapon, etc. that was created in the past and holds historical or cultural significance

"The museum displays a 2000-year-old artifact."

"Archaeologists discovered an ancient artifact that provided insight into the daily lives of early humans."

a broad, general summary that covers the main aspects or features of a subject

"The presentation gives an overview of the project."

"The professor gave an overview of the course content during the first lecture of the semester."

the act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried

"The burial was sad."

"The ancient tomb contained artifacts suggesting a significant burial ceremony for the pharaoh."

a gift, statement, or action given to someone as a sign of gratitude, admiration or respect

"It was a tribute."

"The community gathered to offer a heartfelt tribute to the fallen heroes who had sacrificed so much for their country."

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

"The Ming Dynasty ruled China for almost three hundred long years."

"A dynasty is a powerful succession of rulers from the same family line"

the length of time during which a king, queen, or other monarch rules

"The king's reign ended peacefully."

"The queen's reign brought economic stability and cultural prosperity to the kingdom."

an overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone

"The tomb was covered."

"Archaeologists carefully opened the tomb and documented every ancient detail."

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

"Heavy concrete slab."

"Workers carefully lifted the heavy concrete slab to create the foundation of the new house."

to lay things on top of each other

"Pile the leaves in the corner."

"The children began to pile the leaves into a huge mound before jumping into them with joy and laughter."

an inclined surface connecting two levels

"The driveway is a steep incline."

"The driveway is a steep incline and the car struggles to climb it when covered with ice."

an area with no roof that is partially or completely surrounded by walls, often forming a part of a large building

"The courtyard is surrounded by four walls."

"The hotel's central courtyard is surrounded by colorful flowers and has a small fountain where guests can relax."

a place or building for people to pray in, which is considered holy by many due to its connection with a sacred person, event, or object

"We visited the old shrine."

"Thousands of pilgrims visit the shrine every year to pray and leave offerings."

housing available for people to live in

"The living quarters are cramped but functional."

"The living quarters are cramped but functional and the sailors share small cabins with bunk beds."

prior to a particular time or event

"Thank you in advance for your help."

"Thank you in advance for your help and I promise to return the favor when you need something from me."

a desired and impressive goal achieved through hard work

"The accomplishment was great"

"The accomplishment of completing the project ahead of schedule impressed the entire management team"

a confusing network of paths separated by bushes or walls, designed in a way that confuses the people who pass through

"The maze had dead ends and false passages."

"The maze had high hedges and dead ends that made finding the center very difficult for visitors."

a room where things are kept while they are not needed or used

"The storeroom is full."

"The storeroom was filled with old furniture boxes of clothes and broken electronics that nobody had used for years but nobody wanted to throw away either."

to mark or engrave a surface with a design or pattern, typically to create a lasting impression or decoration

"The blacksmith inscribes initials on metal."

"The jeweler inscribed the inside of the ring with the couple's names and their wedding date."

someone who held a position, office, or role before another person

"His predecessor was good."

"The current CEO has implemented many changes that were not possible during the tenure of her predecessor."

having many complex parts or details that make it difficult to understand or work with

"The design is intricate."

"The intricate design of the snowflake was visible only under a microscope and each one had a unique pattern."

to impress or surprise someone very much

"The news will astonish them."

"The sheer scale of the ancient ruins was enough to astonish even the most seasoned archaeologists who had seen many wonders."

to greatly surprise someone

"His talent amazes the entire audience."

"The young magician's tricks amazed the audience and left them wondering how he had performed them so perfectly."

an archeologist who specializes in Egyptology

"The Egyptologist deciphers the hieroglyphics."

"The Egyptologist deciphers the hieroglyphics and translates the ancient texts found inside the tomb."

to contribute to the structure or makeup of something

"These actions constitute a breach of contract."

"These actions constitute a serious violation of the terms of your employment contract with this company."

someone or something serving as the very typical example of a thing or person

"Archetype is universal character pattern."

"The mentor archetype appeared as an old wise figure who trained the young hero before dying."

the space and conditions around a person, place, or thing where it exists or functions

"The hotel blends in with its natural surroundings."

"The hotel blends in with its natural surroundings and is built from local stone and wood."

to create a circular shape around someone or something

"The troops encircled the enemy base."

"The police officers moved in to encircle the building so that the suspect could not escape from any exit."

a stone monument built in ancient Egypt usually as a tomb for the pharaohs, which has a triangular or square base that slopes up to the top

"The pyramid was huge."

"The ancient Egyptians constructed the massive pyramid as an eternal resting place for their revered pharaohs."

a situation or fact that is absolutely clear and cannot be questioned or altered

"There is certainty of rain."

"Absolute certainty about the outcome of the experiment is not possible at this stage."

expressed with clarity and precision, leaving no doubt as to the meaning or intention

"A definite plan."

"The instructions were definite, leaving no room for misinterpretation or ambiguity."

related to the outer layer or structure of something

"The external walls are white."

"The external appearance of the building belied the complex engineering that supported its structure."

the parts of the objects and structures from ancient times that have survived destruction and been discovered

"Ancient remains found."

"Archaeologists uncovered numerous artifacts and structural remains from the ancient civilization."

a structure built in honor of a public figure or a special event

"The monument honors the fallen soldiers."

"Tourists flocked to see the ancient monument commemorating a significant historical battle."

extremely large in physical dimensions

"The mountain is enormous."

"An enormous whale swam right next to our small boat yesterday morning."

magnificent in size and appearance

"The party was grand."

"The grand staircase led to the ballroom where the guests danced until the early hours of the morning."

a route, path, or corridor that allows movement from one place to another

"This is a narrow passage."

"The narrow passage between the mountains offered a challenging but rewarding hiking experience."

referring to a person who has recently died

"Her father is deceased."

"Her father is deceased and died five years ago from a heart attack at the age of sixty two."

a person who holds a position of authority or responsibility in an organization or government

"He is an official."

"The official announced the new policy, outlining the changes and their expected impact on the public."

to produce a plan, idea, etc. in one's mind

"She conceived a brilliant idea suddenly."

"It is very difficult for most people to conceive what life was like before the invention of the internet and smartphones existed."

to arrange items on top of each other in large quantities

"Stack the books neatly on the shelf."

"You should stack the plates carefully on the shelf so that they do not fall and break into many pieces."

someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject, especially in the humanities

"The scholar published many books on ancient history."

"The respected scholar spent years researching ancient manuscripts to write his definitive book on Roman history."

to relate or assign a feature or quality to something or someone

"Attribute this to luck."

"Scientists often attribute the remarkable success of the experiment to a combination of careful planning and serendipity."

to carry a sense of gratitude, recognition, or indebtedness toward someone or something for intellectual or abstract contributions

"We owe thanks to them."

"The scientific community owes a great debt to the researchers who pioneered this groundbreaking field."

something great in size, volume, or magnitude

"A mass of clouds appeared."

"A ma**ss** of debris was scattered across the landscape after the explosion."

directed or moving toward the inside or center

"He took an inward breath."

"The inward turning of the athlete's foot caused him pain and the doctor prescribed special orthotic inserts for his shoes."

a building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus

"The ancient temple was a place of worship."

"The ancient temple on the hill attracted thousands of visitors who came to admire its beautiful architecture."

a deep, narrow, steep-sided depression on the ocean floor

"The trench is deep."

"Explorers used sonar to map the deepest ocean trench, revealing its immense geological significance."

to include something as part of a larger whole or system

"Incorporate these changes into the document."

"The architect plans to incorporate many eco friendly features into the design of the new office building."

a container used to hold liquids or other substances

"The vessel held water."

"The ancient clay vessel was discovered remarkably intact, preserving its original contents."

to serve as an instance that embodies the characteristics, qualities, or traits associated with a particular category or concept

"You represent us."

"This particular artifact can represent the artistic achievements of the entire civilization."

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

"They excavated the ancient ruins."

"The team of archaeologists received permission to excavate the ancient burial site and search for valuable historical artifacts."

to place something down in a rough, careless, or abrupt manner

"Dump the trash here."

"He decided to dump the entire load of gravel in the middle of the driveway."

a long vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for a mine or tunnel

"The shaft went down."

"Engineers meticulously planned the construction of the deep mining shaft to ensure safety and efficiency."

an act done to prevent something unpleasant or bad from happening

"Wear a helmet precaution."

"As a precaution he installed smoke detectors on every floor of his house."

to not notice or see something

"I overlook the error."

"Please do not overlook the crucial instructions provided at the beginning of the document."

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

"Graduating from college was a major milestone in her life."

"The baby's first word is a classic developmental milestone that every parent looks forward to with immense anticipation and excitement."

a place where people live, stay, or work in

"We found comfortable accommodation."

"The hotel accommodation was clean and comfortable during our stay in the city."

to take up, cover, or use the entire space or extent of something

"The sofa will occupy the room."

"The large painting will occupy the entire wall above the fireplace."

to be thankful for something

"I appreciate your honest feedback."

"I appreciate your honest feedback even though it was difficult to hear because it will help me improve."

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

"The possession was valuable."

"His most valuable possession was an old wristwatch that had belonged to his grandfather because it held sentimental value far beyond its monetary worth."

to judge something based on its positive or negative points

"They criticize him."

"It is important not to criticize someone's efforts without offering constructive suggestions for improvement."