Politics: English Vocabulary List

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

"The ambassador met the president."

"An ambassador is the highest-ranking diplomat who represents a nation in a foreign country"

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

"A spokesperson for the company gave a statement to the waiting reporters."

"A spokesperson is an individual chosen to speak publicly on behalf of an organization"

related to or characteristic of a system of government where power comes from the people through free elections and respects individual rights

"The country is democratic."

"The democratic system allows citizens to vote for their leaders and the candidate with the most votes wins the election."

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

"The Congress met today."

"Congress debated the new law for hours before reaching a decision."

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

"The Senate voted on the bill."

"The Senate debated the issue late into the night."

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

"The senator voted yes."

"The experienced senator delivered a passionate speech advocating for environmental protection legislation."

a short memorable phrase that is used in advertising to draw people's attention toward something

"Catchy slogan used."

"The company created a catchy slogan that everyone remembered during the advertising campaign."

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

"Dictatorship is dangerous."

"The country suffered under a brutal dictatorship for decades before the citizens finally rose up and overthrew the oppressive regime."

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

"Cruel dictator ruled."

"The dictator ruled the country for thirty years suppressing all political opposition and free speech."

a group of elected people who govern a city, town, etc.

"The council voted on the issue."

"The council met to discuss local transport and public services."

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

"The crisis was resolved through quiet diplomacy."

"The conflict was resolved through careful diplomacy rather than military action between the two nations."

religious or political actions, beliefs, or ideas that most people find them extreme, unreasonable, and abnormal

"Extremism is dangerous."

"Religious extremism leads to violence when followers believe their interpretation of faith justifies harming others."

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

"He has radical ideas."

"The radical new treatment for cancer involves editing the patient's own genes to help their immune system recognize and destroy the tumor cells."

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

"Free trade agreement signed."

"The free trade agreement between the two countries eliminated tariffs on most imported goods."

a person who is in charge of a state, region, or territory

"The governor visited the school."

"The governor announced a new regional plan for the area."

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

"The monarchy has a queen."

"An absolute monarchy is a form of government where a single ruler"

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

"The posters were propaganda to make people support the war effort."

"Propaganda is biased or misleading information spread to promote a particular political cause or damage an opposing cause."

the state of an organization or country that is lacking in order, authority, or control

"The revolution led to complete anarchy."

"The country descended into anarchy after the government collapsed and no authority remained."

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

"The regime was harsh."

"The oppressive regime maintained power through strict censorship and the suppression of all dissent."

the ambassador and the staff who represent their government in a foreign country

"The embassy is downtown."

"He went to the embassy to renew his passport because his old one had expired and he needed to travel internationally for work next month."

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

"The summit was very important."

"Leaders gathered at the international summit to discuss critical global issues and forge new agreements."

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

"The liberal wing spoke."

"The more progressive wing of the party advocated for significant policy changes and reforms."

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

"Cutting through the bureaucracy took months of filling out forms and waiting."

"Bureaucracy refers to a complex system of administrative departments and rules"

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

"Democracy gives power to the people."

"In a democracy citizens have the power to choose their leaders through free and fair elections."

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

"She is a democrat."

"The democrat ran for office on a platform of expanding healthcare access and increasing funding for public schools and universities."

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

"Congress meets in Washington."

"The new legislation was debated extensively in Congress before its final passage."

the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

"Parliament met yesterday."

"Parliament debated the budget and voted late into the night."

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

"The cabinet met today."

"The prime minister appointed new members to the cabinet to address the pressing national issues."

a set of actions organized in order to serve a political purpose

"The campaign was successful."

"The presidential campaign involved numerous rallies, debates, and media appearances to win over voters."

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

"He is a conservative."

"Her conservative views made her prefer slow change."

the act of casting or counting votes, or the location where this occurs

"The poll is open."

"The latest poll indicates a significant shift in public opinion towards environmental issues."

an official representing a country's government in foreign relations

"The diplomat spoke well."

"The seasoned diplomat skillfully negotiated a peace treaty between the warring nations."

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

"This is a federal law."

"The federal government is responsible for national defense and immigration laws in the United States."

a governing system in which the supreme power is held by people and their chosen representatives

"France is a republic."

"The country is a democratic republic where people elect their leaders every four years freely."

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

"She is a republican."

"The senator, a prominent republican, outlined his party's platform on economic growth and national security."

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

"He is a radical."

"The radical activist proposed unconventional solutions to address systemic inequalities within the current political framework."

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

"She is liberal."

"The liberal policies aimed to expand social programs and ensure economic opportunity for all citizens."

the state of being free from the control of others

"Independence is valuable."

"Independence gave the country control over its own future."

the main political party opposed to the government

"The opposition criticized the plan."

"The leader of the opposition party vowed to challenge the government's proposed tax increases vigorously."

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

"The revolution changed history."

"The revolution overthrew the old system and created a new political order."

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

"We need to reform."

"The new administration promised to reform the outdated educational system to improve student outcomes."