Biology, Physics, and Chemistry: English Vocabulary List

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

"Biology is the study of living things."

"Marine biology reveals the astonishing biodiversity hidden beneath the ocean's surface."

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

"Fast metabolism burns calories."

"Regular exercise can boost your metabolism helping you burn more calories even while resting."

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

"Every living organism needs water and food."

"Every single living organism on Earth needs water to survive and thrive."

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

"A molecule is very very small."

"A single molecule of water contains two hydrogen and one oxygen atom."

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

"The study is at a molecular level."

"The study is at a molecular level and examines how individual cells interact with each other."

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

"Chemistry is very interesting."

"The chemistry lab experiment demonstrated how different elements react when mixed together under specific conditions."

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

"Evolution explains how animals change."

"The theory of evolution suggests that all living species have gradually developed from simpler organisms over millions of years."

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

"Plants use photosynthesis."

"Artificial photosynthesis is a promising field of research aiming to create clean fuel by mimicking the way plants convert sunlight into energy."

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

"DNA carries genetic information."

"DNA contains the genetic instructions that all living organisms need to develop and function properly."

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

"A specific gene is linked to the disease."

"A recessive gene will only express its trait if inherited from both parents."

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

"The parasite fed on blood."

"The tiny parasite attached itself to the fish's scales, draining its nutrients and weakening its host."

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

"Birds migrate by pure natural instinct."

"A mother's instinct to protect her child is incredibly powerful and natural."

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

"An electron has a negative electrical charge."

"The behavior of an electron is governed by the probabilistic laws of quantum mechanics."

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

"The vapor rose quickly"

"The vapor rose quickly from the hot surface of the boiling water in the kitchen"

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

"Glucose is energy source."

"Glucose is the primary energy source for human cells."

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

"Carbon is important."

"Carbon is a fundamental element of organic chemistry because all known life forms on Earth are built from carbon based molecules and compounds."

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

"Calcium important for bones."

"Calcium is very important for strong bones and teeth in the human body every day."

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

"Nitrogen gas important."

"Nitrogen gas makes up about seventy eight percent of the air we breathe every single day."

the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals, either sexually through gamete fusion or asexually by mechanisms such as budding, fission, or spore formation

"The plant's reproduction is fast."

"Understanding the complex mechanisms of cellular reproduction is vital for advancements in medical science."

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

"Study life cycle."

"We study the life cycle of butterflies in biology class every year with great interest."

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

"Water is a liquid matter."

"Scientists are trying to understand the fundamental nature of matter and its constituent particles."

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

"Gold is a precious element."

"Oxygen is a vital element for all known forms of life."

a feature or quality of something

"It has a nice property."

"The unique property of this material is its ability to change color with temperature."

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

"The chemicals react."

"When exposed to heat, these unstable compounds will violently react, releasing a toxic gas."

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

"Muscle fiber is strong."

"The microscopic examination revealed the intricate structure of the muscle fiber."

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

"A tiny particle floated."

"Scientists study the behavior of subatomic particles in accelerators."

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

"Water is a compound."

"Sodium chloride, a common table salt, is a chemical compound formed from sodium and chlorine atoms."

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

"The bond is strong."

"A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve stability."

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

"Atomic structure is complex."

"Scientists are studying the complex atomic structure of new materials to understand their unique properties and potential applications."

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

"He injured a nerve."

"The dentist injected anesthetic near the nerve to numb the tooth completely before drilling preventing any pain during the cavity filling procedure."

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

"Lemon juice contains high amounts of citric acid."

"Acid rain caused by industrial pollution can severely damage forests and aquatic ecosystems."

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

"Sugar will dissolve in water."

"The sugar cubes gradually dissolve into the hot tea, sweetening it."