Specific Diseases: English Vocabulary List

a parasitic infection transmitted through contaminated freshwater

"Bilharzia is caused by parasitic worms."

"Bilharzia also known as schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms that live in freshwater snails."

a disorder characterized by severe fatigue that is not relieved by rest, along with other symptoms like pain, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances

"Chronic fatigue syndrome causes extreme tiredness."

"Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for at least six months."

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

"Many people live with AIDS for years."

"AIDS is a chronic life threatening disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV."

the inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and altered mental function

"Encephalitis inflames the brain."

"Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain usually caused by a viral infection which can be life threatening."

an eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated

"He has glaucoma."

"Glaucoma damages the optic nerve and can cause blindness."

a disabling and life-threatening disease that causes nerve injuries leading to permanent paralysis, happens mostly in children younger than five

"Polio causes paralysis."

"Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus that affects the nervous system."

a viral disease of mammals, particularly dogs that is usually passed to humans through the bite of an infected animal

"Rabies is almost always fatal."

"Rabies is a deadly viral disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals usually by a bite that affects the brain."

a tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies, causing fever, headaches, and etc.

"Sleeping sickness affects the brain."

"Sleeping sickness also called African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the tsetse fly that is fatal without treatment."

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

"Cancer is a serious disease."

"Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the survival rates for many types of cancer."

a progressive neurologic disorder, particularly affecting older people, that slowly destroys brain cells and causes thinking ability and memory to deteriorate over time

"Alzheimer's causes memory loss."

"Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to gradually die."

a disease caused by severe vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency and characterized by skin changes, mental symptoms, and diarrhea

"Pellagra causes diarrhea dermatitis dementia."

"Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin or tryptophan in the diet leading to dermatitis diarrhea and dementia."

a rare and potentially fatal disease that primarily affects the brain and causes brain damage that aggravates over time

"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease damages the brain."

"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease progresses rapidly, causing severe memory loss and coordination problems within months."

a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1

"Beriberi results from thiamine deficiency."

"Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine vitamin B one leading to nerve and heart problems."

a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that affect the nerves, neurones, that control voluntary muscle movements

"MND attacks motor neurons."

"Motor neurone disease is a group of rare neurological disorders that primarily affect the nerves controlling voluntary muscle movement."

a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and can cause tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination

"Parkinson's disease causes shaking and stiffness."

"Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement causing tremors stiffness and slowness."

illness caused by exposure to high levels of radiation, leading to symptoms like nausea and weakness

"Radiation sickness damages bone marrow."

"Radiation sickness is damage to the body caused by a large dose of radiation often received over a short period of time."

an inflammatory illness that can occur after a streptococcal throat infection, affecting the heart, joints, and other tissues

"Rheumatic fever affects heart and joints."

"Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal throat infection and affect the heart joints and brain."

a lung disease caused by inhaling fine silica dust, often resulting from prolonged exposure to activities like mining or stone cutting

"Silicosis damages lungs from silica dust."

"Silicosis is a long term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust usually over many years."

a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery, often caused by a weakened vessel

"Aneurysm bulges in a blood vessel."

"An aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery that can rupture and cause severe internal bleeding."

an inflammatory infection of the throat, especially quinsy, marked by throat abscess and discomfort

"She had angina."

"Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles often triggered by physical activity or stress."

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

"Her asthma attack required immediate medication."

"The child had an asthma attack and needed to use his inhaler immediately to breathe properly."

a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and other symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood changes

"Fibromyalgia causes widespread pain."

"Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue sleep memory and mood issues."

inflammatory condition of the liver caused by a variety of infectious viruses or over-consumption of alcohol

"Hepatitis inflames the liver."

"Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection or by exposure to alcohol or toxins."

a late-stage scarring of the liver caused by drinking too much alcohol

"Cirrhosis scars the liver permanently."

"Cirrhosis is late stage scarring of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions like hepatitis and chronic alcoholism."

a broad term encompassing various conditions affecting the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular disorders

"Heart disease kills millions yearly."

"Heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions including coronary artery disease heart attacks and congenital defects."