Health & Medicine — English Vocabulary

Types of Injuries21 words

• bruise🔊nounan injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath
• wound🔊nounan injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh
• scrape🔊nouna minor injury where the top layer of skin gets rubbed or scratched off
• sprain🔊nouna painful injury resulting in the sudden twist of a bone or joint, particularly one's wrist or ankles
• fracture🔊nouna crack or break in a bone or other hard substance
• stress fracture🔊nouna small crack in a bone, typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the affected area
• compound fracture🔊nouna bone break that involves the bone piercing through the skin
• lesion🔊nounan injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin
• first-degree burn🔊nouna mild burn that only affects the outer layer of the skin
• second-degree burn🔊nouna burn that affects the first and second layers of the skin and appears red, blistered, and can be swollen and extremely painful
• third-degree burn🔊nouna deep and severe burn, caused by contact with heat, radiation, or chemicals, that destroys both epidermis and dermis
• hobble🔊nounthe act of walking with difficulty or a pronounced limp due to pain, stiffness, or impairment in the legs or feet
• scab🔊nouna dry, protective crust that forms over a healing wound as part of the body's natural healing process
• scald🔊nouna burn or injury caused by contact with hot liquid or steam
• scar🔊nouna mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed
• sting🔊nouna painful infliction caused by a small sharp and pointed organ that some insects have and use to penetrate the prey and inject poison
• concussion🔊nouna momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head
• contusion🔊nouna bruise caused by blunt force trauma without piercing the skin
• whiplash injury🔊nouna neck injury caused by one's neck bending forward and back suddenly and forcefully
• cauliflower ear🔊nouna deformity of the outer ear caused by repeated trauma, particularly common in contact sports like wrestling and boxing
• ulcer🔊nouna lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

Skin Diseases and Problems35 words

• acne🔊nouna skin condition in which small red spots appear on the face or the neck, mainly affecting teenagers
• pemphigus🔊nouna rare disease where painful blisters form on the skin and inside the mouth due to the body's immune system attacking healthy cells
• alopecia areata🔊nounan autoimmune condition characterized by the sudden onset of hair loss in well-defined patches on the scalp or other parts of the body
• psoriasis🔊nouna chronic skin disorder causing thick, red, and scaly patches due to rapid skin cell overproduction
• atopic dermatitis🔊nouna chronic skin condition causing red, itchy rashes often starting in childhood
• Raynaud's phenomenon🔊nouna condition characterized by episodic narrowing of the blood vessels in the fingers and toes, resulting in reduced blood flow and color changes in the affected areas
• hives🔊nounraised, itchy welts on the skin, often triggered by factors like allergies or stress
• epidermolysis bullosa🔊nouna genetic skin condition characterized by blistering and fragility of the skin
• rosacea🔊nouna chronic skin condition that causes redness, swelling, and small bumps similar to acne
• hidradenitis suppurativa🔊nouna chronic skin condition that causes painful, inflamed nodules and abscesses in the skin's sweat glands
• scleroderma🔊nouna rare autoimmune disease that causes skin and tissue hardening, affecting internal organs
• vitiligo🔊nouna skin condition characterized by the loss of pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin due to the destruction of melanocytes
• ichthyosis🔊nouna genetic skin disorder characterized by the formation of thick, dry, and scaly skin, often resembling fish scales
• pachyonychia congenita🔊nouna rare genetic disorder that affects the nails and can cause thickened, abnormally shaped nails, as well as other skin and oral abnormalities
• cold sore🔊nouna small, painful blister that typically appears on or around the lips, caused by the herpes simplex virus
• blister🔊nouna swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning
• actinic keratosis🔊nouna rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by too much sun exposure and could turn into skin cancer
• carbuncle🔊nouna painful, swollen cluster of connected boils on the skin, typically caused by a bacterial infection
• eczema🔊nouna very common skin condition that causes one's skin to become dry, red, itchy, and bumpy
• frostbite🔊nouna serious injury resulting from excessive exposure to severely cold weather or things, causing the freezing of the nose, toes, fingers, etc.
• cellulitis🔊nouna bacterial skin infection causing redness, swelling, and tenderness due to a skin break
• lupus🔊nouna chronic autoimmune disease causing inflammation and diverse symptoms like joint pain and skin rashes
• melasma🔊nouna skin condition causing brown or gray-brown patches, often on the face, linked to hormonal changes or sun exposure
• contact dermatitis🔊nounskin inflammation caused by contact with irritants or allergens, resulting in redness, itching, and in some cases blistering
• wart🔊nouna small, often hard elevation on the skin that is caused by an infection or a virus
• seborrheic eczema🔊nouna long-term skin condition causing red, itchy, and flaky patches, commonly on the scalp and face
• keratosis pilaris🔊nouna skin condition causing small, rough bumps on arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks
• ringworm🔊nouna contagious fungal infection of the skin or scalp, characterized by circular, red, and itchy rashes with a raised, defined border
• impetigo🔊nouna contagious bacterial skin infection causing red sores that turn into yellowish-brown crusts
• herpes🔊nouna viral infection causing painful sores, often around the genital or oral areas, due to the herpes simplex virus
• bedsore🔊nouninjuries to areas of skin and underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, as a result of prolonged pressure on the skin
• angular cheilitis🔊nouna condition characterized by inflammation and cracks at the corners of the mouth, often caused by a combination of factors including infection, dryness, and nutritional deficiencies
• dermatitis🔊nouna general term referring to inflammation of the skin, often causing redness, itching, and various skin conditions
• nettle rash🔊nouna skin condition marked by itchy, raised welts caused by an allergic reaction or other triggers
• cellulite🔊nouna condition where the skin on certain parts of the body appears dimpled or lumpy, caused by underlying fat deposits and connective tissue

Gastrointestinal Diseases and Problems30 words

• oral candidiasis🔊nouna fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat, caused by overgrowth of the Candida fungus, resulting in white patches or sores on the mucous membranes
• gastro-oesophageal reflux disease🔊nouna chronic condition where stomach acid consistently backs up into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and other related discomforts
• achalasia🔊nouna disorder that affects swallowing due to improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
• esophageal rupture🔊nouna tear in the esophageal wall, resulting in severe chest pain and other complications
• gastritis🔊nouna medical condition where the stomach's inner lining becomes inflamed, often resulting in symptoms like stomach discomfort, nausea, and a reduced appetite
• peptic ulcer disease🔊nounthe formation of open sores in the stomach or duodenum due to stomach acid erosion, causing abdominal pain and other symptoms
• autoimmune gastritis🔊nounimmune system attack on the stomach lining, causing inflammation, impaired acid production, and related symptoms
• appendicitis🔊nouna severe medical condition in which one's appendix becomes inflamed and painful
• food poisoning🔊nounan illness resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria
• cholera🔊nouna potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting
• amoebic dysentery🔊nouna severe intestinal infection causing diarrhea and abdominal cramps, caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica
• Crohn's disease🔊nouna chronic inflammatory bowel condition causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other symptoms with potential complications throughout the body
• ulcerative colitis🔊nouna chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding
• hernia🔊nouna condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place
• volvulus🔊nouna medical condition characterized by the abnormal twisting of the gastrointestinal tract, causing bowel obstruction
• intestinal obstruction🔊nouna blockage in the normal flow of the intestines, causing symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting
• malabsorption🔊nouna condition where the digestive system fails to properly absorb nutrients from food
• pancreatitis🔊nounthe inflammation of the pancreas, often causing abdominal pain and digestive complications
• ascending cholangitis🔊nouna severe bacterial infection in the bile ducts, causing fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain, requiring urgent medical attention
• cholelithiasis🔊nounthe formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
• impaction🔊nounthe blockage of material in the digestive tract, disrupting normal flow
• irritable bowel syndrome🔊nouna common bowel disorder that is characterized by diarrhea or constipation and is often tied to stress or worry
• dysentery🔊nounan infection in one's intestines that causes severe diarrhea containing blood or mucus
• dyspepsia🔊nouna severe or recurring pain localized in the upper abdomen and characterized by nausea, bloating, or vomiting
• constipation🔊nouna medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels
• hookworm disease🔊nouna parasitic condition in which hookworms attach to the lining of the small intestine, causing abdominal pain, anemia, and fatigue
• enteritis🔊nouna medical condition marked by inflammation of the small intestine, often causing symptoms like abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and occasionally fever
• gastroenteritis🔊nounthe inflammation of the stomach and intestines, causing symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting due to infections
• diarrhea🔊nouna medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently
• biliary colic🔊nounsudden, severe abdominal pain caused by temporary blockage of the bile ducts, often due to gallstones

Musculoskeletal Diseases and Problems25 words

• becker muscular dystrophy🔊nouna genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to mutations in the dystrophin gene
• duchenne's muscular dystrophy🔊nouna genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness due to dystrophin gene mutations
• distal muscular dystrophy🔊nouna genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness, primarily in the hands and feet
• facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy🔊nouna genetic muscle disorder causing progressive weakness in facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, typically starting in adolescence or adulthood
• limb-girdle muscular dystrophy🔊nouna group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles, predominantly affecting the shoulder and hip girdles
• oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy🔊nouna rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the muscles of the eyes and throat
• myopathy🔊nouna disease that affect the muscles, leading to weakness or dysfunction
• rhabdomyolysis🔊nounmuscle tissue breakdown leading to myoglobin release, which can potentially cause kidney damage and other symptoms
• myasthenia gravis🔊nouna chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, particularly in the voluntary muscles
• cardiomyopathy🔊nouna medical condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened, enlarged, or stiff, leading to impaired heart function
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis🔊nouna progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord
• sarcopenia🔊nounage-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased physical performance and increased health risks
• polymyositis🔊nouna rare inflammatory disease that primarily affects skeletal muscles, causing muscle weakness and inflammation
• dermatomyositis🔊nounan autoimmune disease causing muscle inflammation and distinctive skin rashes
• ataxia🔊nouna neurological condition characterized by a lack of coordination, affecting movements, balance, and speech
• arthritis🔊nouna medical condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints
• gout🔊nouna form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe pain, swelling, and tenderness, typically affecting the joint at the base of the big toe
• osteoarthritis🔊nouna degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility
• bursitis🔊nounthe inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints
• scoliosis🔊nounan abnormal sideways curvature of the spine
• Paget's disease🔊nouna chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones with associated symptoms such as bone pain and fractures
• rickets🔊nouna condition in children in which bones soften and become more susceptible to fractures and irregularities due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate
• tennis elbow🔊nouna condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow, typically caused by repetitive arm and wrist motion
• myotonic dystrophy🔊nouna genetic disorder causing muscle weakness and delayed muscle relaxation
• cumulative trauma disorder🔊nouna condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged, repetitive use of certain muscles, tendons, or nerves, leading to pain, inflammation, and functional impairment in affected areas

Reproductive System Diseases and Problems24 words

• gonorrhea🔊nouna sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, affecting the genital and, occasionally, other mucous membrane areas
• chlamydia🔊nouna common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, affecting the genital and, sometimes, other areas
• vulvar disease🔊nounvarious conditions affecting the external female genitalia, including infections, inflammation, dermatological disorders, and abnormal growths, with associated symptoms like itching, pain, and redness
• imperforate hymen🔊nouna condition where the hymen, a thin membrane at the opening of the vagina, completely covers the vaginal opening, causing an obstruction
• adenomyosis🔊nouna condition where tissue from the uterus lining grows into the muscular wall, causing pain and menstrual changes
• salpingitis🔊nounthe inflammation of the fallopian tubes, often caused by a bacterial infection, and it can lead to pelvic pain and fertility issues
• ectopic pregnancy🔊nouna condition where a fertilized egg implants and begins to develop outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube, instead of the uterus itself
• ovarian cyst🔊nouna fluid-filled sac that forms on or within the ovaries, and it is a common condition that usually resolves on its own
• HPV infection🔊nouna sexually transmitted infection associated with conditions like genital warts and various types of cancers
• epididymitis🔊nounthe inflammation of the tube behind the testicle, often causing pain and swelling, usually due to a bacterial infection
• erectile dysfunction🔊nouna condition where a man has difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for sexual activity
• urethritis🔊nounthe inflammation of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, often caused by infection
• cryptorchidism🔊nouna condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development
• hydrocele🔊nouna fluid-filled sac surrounding the testicle, causing swelling in the scrotum
• benign prostatic hyperplasia🔊nouna non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, which can cause urinary problems in men as they age
• polycystic ovary syndrome🔊nouna hormonal disorder with symptoms like ovarian cysts, irregular periods, excess hair growth, and fertility issues
• sexually transmitted disease🔊nounan infection transmitted through sexual activity, involving bodily fluid exchange or direct skin-to-skin contact
• primary ovarian insufficiency🔊nouna condition where the ovaries lose function before age 40, leading to hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, and fertility issues
• endometriosis🔊nouna medical condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potential fertility issues
• uterine prolapse🔊nouna condition where the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal, causing symptoms like pelvic pressure and urinary or bowel issues
• syphilis🔊nouna sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, progressing through stages and potentially causing severe complications
• venereal disease🔊nouninfections transmitted through sexual activity, including conditions like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and others
• hot flash🔊nouna sudden feeling of intense heat, often associated with sweating and redness, commonly experienced during menopause
• pelvic inflammatory disease🔊nounan infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria

Infectious Diseases48 words

• yellow fever🔊nouna tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes
• tetanus🔊nouna severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds
• swine flu🔊nouna potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs
• smallpox🔊nounan acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars
• scrapie🔊nounan infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep
• SARS🔊nouna viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death
• SARS-CoV-2🔊nounsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019
• pneumonia🔊nounthe infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult
• pertussis🔊nouna contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties
• meningitis🔊nouna serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature
• measles🔊nouna contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children
• croup🔊nouna common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords
• Covid-19🔊nounan infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic
• common cold🔊nouna viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat
• cholera🔊nouna potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting
• chickenpox🔊nouna contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children
• long Covid🔊nouna medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover
• leprosy🔊nouna chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose
• rubella🔊nouna contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness
• gastric flu🔊nounan intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever
• paratyphoid fever🔊nouna bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics
• ebola🔊nouna potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots
• tonsillitis🔊nounan infection or inflammation of the tonsils
• mumps🔊nounan infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck
• diphtheria🔊nouna chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat
• influenza🔊nounan infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat
• avian flu🔊nouna type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well
• giardiasis🔊nounan intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea
• infectious mononucleosis🔊nouna viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands
• malaria🔊nouna potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito
• toxic shock syndrome🔊nouna rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals
• typhoid🔊nouna serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen
• tuberculosis🔊nouna potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body
• bubonic plague🔊nouna highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas
• cytomegalovirus🔊nouna common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids
• epstein-barr virus🔊nouna common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva
• legionnaires' disease🔊nouna severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets
• leptospirosis🔊nouna bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications
• scarlet fever🔊nouna childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria
• scrofula🔊nouna swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections
• typhus🔊nouna potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body
• weil's disease🔊nouna bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals
• yaws🔊nouna tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions
• anthrax🔊nouna serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products
• toxoplasmosis🔊nouna parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces
• dengue fever🔊nouna mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever🔊nouna tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems
• West Nile virus🔊nouna mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

Genetic Disorders27 words

• Marfan syndrome🔊nouna genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues
• neurofibromatosis🔊nouna genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity
• Noonan syndrome🔊noungenetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins
• Prader–Willi syndrome🔊nouna genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15
• Rett syndrome🔊nouna genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations
• tay-sachs disease🔊nouna rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death
• thalassemia🔊nouna genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe
• Tourette syndrome🔊nouna neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics
• albinism🔊nouna genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin
• Angelman syndrome🔊nouna rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15
• Apert syndrome🔊nouna genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations
• charcot-marie-tooth disease🔊nouna group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia🔊nouna genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands
• cystic fibrosis🔊nouna genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications
• Down syndrome🔊nouna genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues
• Ehlers Danlos syndrome🔊nouna group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production
• Fabry disease🔊nouna rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage
• fragile X syndrome🔊nouna genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function
• hemophilia🔊nouna mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding
• hemochromatosis🔊nouna genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage
• Klinefelter syndrome🔊nouna genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences
• turner syndrome🔊nouna genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges
• Williams syndrome🔊nouna rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits
• Huntington's disease🔊nouna hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms
• sickle-cell disease🔊nouna genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications
• dystrophy🔊nouna category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles
• von willebrand disease🔊nouna bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

Autoimmune Diseases15 words

• Graves' disease🔊nounan autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid, resulting in various symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat
• lichen planus🔊nouna skin condition characterized by itchy, flat-topped, and purplish skin lesions that can affect various parts of the body
• Addison's disease🔊nouna rare disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones
• Sjogren's syndrome🔊nounan autoimmune disorder causing dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes, along with other symptoms like joint pain and fatigue
• aplastic anemia🔊nouna rare blood disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells
• pernicious anemia🔊nouna type of anaemia caused by the inability of the stomach to absorb enough vitamin B12
• Lyme disease🔊nounan infectious illness caused by the bite of a tick infected with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi
• sarcoidosis🔊nouna health condition where small clumps of cells can form in different parts of the body, causing problems in organs like the lungs and lymph nodes
• multiple sclerosis🔊nouna chronic progressive disease that primarily affects the central nervous system and is capable of causing problems with vision, balance, and speech
• Meniere's disease🔊nouna disorder of the inner ear that can cause episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
• Kawasaki disease🔊nounan illness that mainly affects children and causes fever, redness and swelling of the hands and feet, rash, and sometimes damage to the heart's blood vessels
• Guillain-Barre syndrome🔊nouna rare condition where the body's immune system attacks its nerves, leading to weakness and tingling
• Hashimoto's disease🔊nounan autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism
• celiac disease🔊nouna long-term autoimmune disorder that can damage one's small intestine and is triggered when one eats gluten
• rheumatoid arthritis🔊nounan autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints

Specific Diseases25 words

• bilharzia🔊nouna parasitic infection transmitted through contaminated freshwater
• chronic fatigue syndrome🔊nouna disorder characterized by severe fatigue that is not relieved by rest, along with other symptoms like pain, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances
• AIDS🔊nouna serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases
• encephalitis🔊nounthe inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infections, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and altered mental function
• glaucoma🔊nounan eye condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated
• polio🔊nouna disabling and life-threatening disease that causes nerve injuries leading to permanent paralysis, happens mostly in children younger than five
• rabies🔊nouna viral disease of mammals, particularly dogs that is usually passed to humans through the bite of an infected animal
• sleeping sickness🔊nouna tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies, causing fever, headaches, and etc.
• cancer🔊nouna serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts
• Alzheimer's disease🔊nouna progressive neurologic disorder, particularly affecting older people, that slowly destroys brain cells and causes thinking ability and memory to deteriorate over time
• pellagra🔊nouna disease caused by severe vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency and characterized by skin changes, mental symptoms, and diarrhea
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease🔊nouna rare and potentially fatal disease that primarily affects the brain and causes brain damage that aggravates over time
• beriberi🔊nouna nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1
• motor neurone disease🔊nouna group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that affect the nerves, neurones, that control voluntary muscle movements
• Parkinson's disease🔊nouna progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and can cause tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination
• radiation sickness🔊nounillness caused by exposure to high levels of radiation, leading to symptoms like nausea and weakness
• rheumatic fever🔊nounan inflammatory illness that can occur after a streptococcal throat infection, affecting the heart, joints, and other tissues
• silicosis🔊nouna lung disease caused by inhaling fine silica dust, often resulting from prolonged exposure to activities like mining or stone cutting
• aneurysm🔊nouna bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery, often caused by a weakened vessel
• angina🔊nounan inflammatory infection of the throat, especially quinsy, marked by throat abscess and discomfort
• asthma🔊nouna disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing
• fibromyalgia🔊nouna chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and other symptoms like fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood changes
• hepatitis🔊nouninflammatory condition of the liver caused by a variety of infectious viruses or over-consumption of alcohol
• cirrhosis🔊nouna late-stage scarring of the liver caused by drinking too much alcohol
• heart disease🔊nouna broad term encompassing various conditions affecting the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular disorders

Medical Conditions61 words

• alcoholism🔊nouna medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis
• allergy🔊nouna medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested
• alopecia🔊nouna medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body
• amenorrhoea🔊nounthe absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age
• amnesia🔊nouna severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory
• anaphylactic shock🔊nounsevere, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness
• anaphylaxis🔊nounsevere and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms
• aphasia🔊nouna neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production
• arteriosclerosis🔊nounhardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues
• brain death🔊nouncomplete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity
• catarrh🔊nouna medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them
• cleft palate🔊nouna congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth
• deep vein thrombosis🔊nouna severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs
• delirium tremens🔊nouna serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors
• diabetes🔊nouna serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin
• coronary thrombosis🔊nouna severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart
• anemia🔊nouna condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low
• fever🔊nouna condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick
• gallstone🔊nouna solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms
• gangrene🔊nouna chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection
• hemorrhoids🔊nounswollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum
• heart failure🔊nouna medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention
• heatstroke🔊nouna serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature
• hernia🔊nouna condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place
• bronchitis🔊nouna condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious
• hyperglycaemia🔊nouna medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues
• hypoglycaemia🔊nouna medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin
• hypothermia🔊nouna medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature
• immunodeficiency🔊nouna condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses
• insomnia🔊nouna disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep
• malnutrition🔊nouna condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy
• migraine🔊nouna severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea
• narcolepsy🔊nouna neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams
• necrosis🔊nouna type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress
• obesity🔊nounthe condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health
• osteoporosis🔊nouna medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures
• paraplegia🔊nouna type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage
• peptic ulcer🔊nounan open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort
• inflammation🔊nouna physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury
• sepsis🔊nouna severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure
• slipped disc🔊nouna painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position
• sudden infant death syndrome🔊nounthe unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep
• thrombosis🔊nouna severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart
• fetal alcohol syndrome🔊nouna severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities
• laryngitis🔊nouna severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing
• snow-blindness🔊nouna condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice
• breathlessness🔊nouna condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty
• toxemia🔊nounabnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia
• scurvy🔊nouna disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C
• emphysema🔊nouna chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath
• diarrhea🔊nouna medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently
• heart attack🔊nouna medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases
• altitude sickness🔊nounan illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea
• seasickness🔊nounwooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship
• sunstroke🔊nounan illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight
• cardiac arrest🔊nouna sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function
• myocardial infarction🔊nouna heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue
• infarction🔊nounthe death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage
• hemorrhage🔊nounan excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel
• pulmonary embolism🔊nouna condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot
• embolism🔊nounthe obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

Mental Illnesses and Problems46 words

• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder🔊nouna condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively
• anorexia nervosa🔊nounan eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss
• battle fatigue🔊nouna post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare
• bipolar disorder🔊nouna chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression
• borderline personality disorder🔊nouna mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships
• bulimia🔊nouna mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight
• exhibitionism🔊nouncompulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification
• gender dysphoria🔊nounthe condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity
• hyperactivity🔊nouna state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children
• hypochondria🔊nouna mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health
• kleptomania🔊nouna mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive
• manic depression🔊nouna chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs
• megalomania🔊nouna psychological condition or personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of power, importance, or self-worth
• melancholia🔊nouna severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason
• catatonia🔊nouna mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans
• psychopathy🔊nouna serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy
• psychosis🔊nouna severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality
• psychosomatic disorder🔊nouna psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation
• pyromania🔊nouna mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire
• schizophrenia🔊nouna chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality
• ‌seasonal affective disorder🔊nouna medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight
• sociopathic personality🔊nounan antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility
• inferiority complex🔊nounan unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people
• mental disorder🔊nouna severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning
• monomania🔊nounan excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful
• nervous breakdown🔊nouna period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly
• neurosis🔊nouna mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed
• obsessive-compulsive disorder🔊nouna disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over
• orthorexia nervosa🔊nounan eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost
• paranoia🔊nounan unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you
• persecution complex🔊nouna mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them
• personality disorder🔊nounany mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society
• postpartum depression🔊nouna mental health condition causing sadness, anxiety, or low mood after a woman gives birth
• post-traumatic stress disorder🔊nouna disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event
• shell shock🔊nouna type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars
• eating disorder🔊nouna mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little
• egomania🔊nouna mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested
• dementia🔊nouna mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions
• generalized anxiety disorder🔊nouna chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause
• munchausen syndrome🔊nouna disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions
• schizoid🔊nouna personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude
• amnesia🔊nouna severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory
• senile dementia🔊nouna severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.
• Asperger's syndrome🔊nouna form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence
• bigorexia🔊nouna disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors
• body dysmorphic disorder🔊nouna psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

Cancer25 words

• carcinogen🔊nouna substance or agent that has the potential to cause cancer in living tissues
• cancerous🔊adjectiverelated to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
• carcinogenic🔊adjectivehaving the potential to cause or promote the development of cancer
• carcinoma🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in epithelial tissues, such as the skin or the lining of internal organs
• Hodgkin's disease🔊nouna type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, characterized by the presence of specific abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells
• leukemia🔊nouna potentially fatal disease characterized by a rise in the number of white blood cells in one's body
• lymphoma🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is a part of the body's immune system, and can manifest in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other lymphoid tissues
• sarcoma🔊nouna type of cancer that develops in the connective tissues of the body, including muscles, bones, tendons, and cartilage
• tumor🔊nounan abnormal mass of diseased cells that serves no function in the body and usually causes medical problems
• endometrial cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, often characterized by abnormal vaginal bleeding
• breast cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in the cells of the breast, often forming a lump or mass
• liver cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that begins in the cells of the liver, often associated with underlying liver diseases
• lung cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in the lungs, typically linked to smoking but can also occur in non-smokers
• pancreatic cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that begins in the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach, often diagnosed at an advanced stage
• prostate cancer🔊nounabnormal growth of cells in a small organ of males called prostate that is close to their bladder and releases a liquid that contains sperm
• skin cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that develops in the skin cells, often caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds
• squamous cell carcinoma🔊nouna common type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are flat cells found on the surface of the skin
• basal cell carcinoma🔊nouna common type of skin cancer that usually grows slowly and typically occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin
• testicular cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and hormones
• bladder cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bladder, which is a hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine
• kidney cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that starts in the kidneys, which are organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine
• thyroid cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that forms in the cells of the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism
• scirrhous carcinoma🔊nouna type of cancer characterized by hard, dense, and fibrous tissue formation
• soft tissue sarcoma🔊nouna type of cancer that forms in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, tendons, and fat
• gynecologic cancer🔊nouna type of cancer that originates in the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva

Disability19 words

• blindness🔊nounthe condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see
• locked-in syndrome🔊nouna rare neurological condition in which a person is unable to move or speak, but retains full awareness and mental alertness
• deafness🔊nounthe state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear
• autism spectrum disorder🔊nouna complex developmental disorder stigmatized by persistent challenges with social communication and interaction or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior
• disability🔊nouna physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily
• amputation🔊nounsurgical removal of a limb or a part of it
• spina bifida🔊nouna congenital condition where the neural tube, which forms the spinal cord and backbone, does not close properly during fetal development
• cerebral palsy🔊nouna neurological disorder affecting movement and coordination due to brain damage during pregnancy, childbirth, or early childhood
• epilepsy🔊nouna central nervous system disorder that causes sudden, unprovoked, and recurrent seizures
• echolalia🔊nounmeaningless repetition or echoing of vocalizations made by another person, as a result of mental disorder
• aphantasia🔊nouna condition where an individual lacks the ability to visualize or mentally create images in their mind's eye
• dyslexia🔊nouna specific neurobiological disorder marked by difficulty reading and spelling in individuals with otherwise unaffected intelligence
• dwarfism🔊nouna genetic condition resulting in shorter stature than average, often caused by a variety of genetic and medical factors
• hard of hearing🔊phraseunable to hear properly
• impairment🔊nouna state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly
• learning disability🔊nouna disorder that affects the ability to comprehend or process information, particularly when not associated with physical disability
• paraplegia🔊nouna type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage
• quadriplegia🔊nouna condition in which someone is paralyzed from neck down
• longsightedness🔊nounthe condition of being incapable of clearly seeing objects that are near to one

Mental and Physical Pain27 words

• backache🔊nouna pain in someone's back
• colic🔊nouna condition in babies where they cry a lot and seem uncomfortable, usually because of stomach pain or gas
• cramp🔊nouna sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue
• crick🔊nouna sudden, sharp pain or discomfort, often linked to muscle stiffness, commonly occurring in areas like the neck, back, or other parts of the body
• earache🔊nouna pain inside the ear
• electric shock🔊nouna trauma caused by a physical reaction to electrical currents flowing through one's body
• eyestrain🔊noundiscomfort or fatigue in the eyes, often caused by prolonged reading, screen time, or other activities requiring intense visual focus
• growing pains🔊nounmild limb discomfort experienced by children during periods of rapid growth, typically between ages 3 and 12, though not directly caused by growth itself
• headache🔊nouna pain in the head, usually persistent
• lumbago🔊nounlower back pain, often characterized by discomfort, stiffness, or muscle tension in the lumbar region of the spine
• pins and needles🔊phrasethe sensation of tiny sharp points poking into the skin or a mild numbing feeling, often felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, caused when pressure is put on nerves
• toothache🔊nounpain felt in a tooth or several teeth
• writer's cramp🔊nouna condition characterized by painful involuntary movement or stiffness in the hand or forearm caused by excessive writing
• ache🔊nouna continuous pain in a part of the body, often not severe
• agony🔊nounsevere physical or mental pain
• anguish🔊nouna state of extreme physical pain or mental distress
• neuralgia🔊nouna stabbing or burning pain along a nerve, often caused by irritation or damage to the nerve
• pang🔊nouna brief, intense physical pain or discomfort
• spasm🔊nouna sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle
• stab🔊nouna sudden, intense sensation of an emotion
• throb🔊nouna steady or beating sensation of pain or discomfort, often like a heartbeat, commonly felt in areas like the head or muscles
• torment🔊nounextreme amount of pain or distress experienced either physically or mentally
• griping🔊nouna sharp or intense pain in the stomach area, often because of digestive issues or menstruation
• decompression sickness🔊nouna condition where sudden pressure changes cause nitrogen bubbles in the body, leading to symptoms like joint pain and fatigue
• repetitive strain injury🔊noundamage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities
• chest pain🔊nounany discomfort or pressure felt in the chest area, that can be because of heart issues, digestive problems, or muscle strain
• stomachache🔊nouna pain in or near someone's stomach

Physical Healthcare and Recovery16 words

• all-clear🔊nounan indication or announcement that a situation is safe, free from danger, or no longer poses a threat
• bedrest🔊nouna medical treatment in which a person is required to stay in bed for a lengthy period to recover from an illness, injury, or medical procedure
• care for🔊verbto provide treatment for or help a person or an animal that is sick or injured
• contact tracing🔊nounthe process of trying to identify individuals who might have had close contact with an infected individual, particularly in order to treat or quarantine them
• convalesce🔊verbto gradually recover health and strength after being ill or undergoing treatment
• deep-clean🔊verbto clean something carefully and thoroughly to prevent the spread of infection and germs
• deep-cleaning🔊nounthe process of cleaning all parts of something thoroughly and with extreme care in order to prevent the spread of infection
• herd immunity🔊nouna situation where enough people in a community are immune to a disease, making it less likely to spread
• informed consent🔊nounpermission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks
• inoculation🔊nounthe process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination
• inoculate🔊verbto boost the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination
• curable🔊adjective(of an illness or disease) capable of being successfully healed through medical treatment or therapy
• convalescence🔊nouna period of time spent for gradual recovery of health and strength after an illness, injury, or a medical operation
• recuperative🔊adjectivepromoting one's health and strength after a period of injury or illness
• recuperation🔊nounthe gradual recovery through rest after sickness or injury
• computed tomography🔊nouna medical test that uses special X-ray technology to create detailed pictures of the inside of a person's body

Animal Diseases43 words

• actinomycosis🔊nouna rare bacterial infection that can occur in humans and animals, caused by Actinomyces bacteria, usually affecting the face and neck areas
• anbury🔊nouna type of soft, spongy tumor that commonly occurs in horses and oxen, caused by an infection with a bacterium called Actinomyces bovis
• anthrax🔊nouna serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products
• cowpox🔊nouna viral infection in cows that can be transmitted to humans, historically used in developing the smallpox vaccine
• distemper🔊nouna contagious viral disease affecting animals, especially dogs, causing respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms
• blackleg🔊nouna bacterial disease, typically affecting young cattle and sheep, characterized by sudden death, fever, and severe muscle inflammation
• bots🔊nounthe larval stage of certain flies that infest mammals like horses and cattle, causing health problems
• braxy🔊nouna disease of sheep or cattle, characterized by inflammation of the abomasum and often resulting in sudden death
• brucellosis🔊nouna bacterial infection usually transmitted to humans from animals, commonly through unpasteurized dairy products or direct contact with infected animals
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy🔊nouna fatal neurological disease that affects cattle and can occasionally be transmitted to humans as well
• bull nose🔊nouncattle and pigs condition with facial swelling, sneezing, and nasal discharge due to injury and Fusobacterium necrophorum infection
• warble🔊nouna parasitic infestation in cattle caused by the larvae of certain flies that burrow under the skin, creating lumps or nodules
• trembles🔊nouna condition in livestock caused by eating toxic plants, resulting in trembling and muscle weakness
• toe crack🔊nouna split in the front part of a horse's hoof, often caused by dry conditions or uneven growth
• Texas fever🔊nounan infectious disease in cattle caused by the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis, transmitted by ticks, leading to symptoms such as fever, anemia, and jaundice
• sweating sickness🔊nounan acute and highly contagious disease, characterized by rapid onset, fever, and profuse sweating
• swamp fever🔊nounan infectious disease in horses transmitted by bloodsucking insects, causing fever and anemia
• strangles🔊nouna contagious horse disease with fever, difficulty swallowing, and throat abscesses
• staggers🔊nouna neurological disorder in livestock, such as cattle and sheep, characterized by unsteady movements and loss of coordination
• spavin🔊nouna degenerative condition in horses affecting the hock joint, resulting in inflammation, lameness, and swelling
• scrapie🔊nounan infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep
• sand crack🔊nouna split in a horse's hoof, often caused by debris like sand, potentially leading to lameness
• rinderpest🔊nounhighly contagious viral cattle disease eradicated worldwide in 2011, causing fever and oral lesions
• red water🔊nouna condition in cattle, caused by tick-transmitted parasites, leading to fever and red urine
• quarter crack🔊nounvertical hoof split on the quarter, often due to trauma, improper balance, or inadequate care
• Pullorum disease🔊nouna bacterial infection in chicks and young poultry, caused by Salmonella Pullorum, leading to high mortality and reproductive issues
• psittacosis🔊nounan infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria that can be transmitted from birds to humans
• pityriasis🔊nouna skin condition in animals, characterized by the formation of fine, flaky scales on the skin's surface
• pinkeye🔊nounan inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye and inner eyelid, causing redness and discomfort
• ornithosis🔊nouna respiratory infection, often affecting birds, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci
• newcastle disease🔊nouna contagious viral infection affecting birds, particularly poultry, causing respiratory and neurological symptoms
• myxomatosis🔊nouna viral disease affecting rabbits, characterized by skin tumors, swelling, and often leading to severe illness and death
• murrain🔊nounany severe and often infectious disease, especially one affecting cattle or other livestock
• moon blindness🔊nouna painful and recurring eye inflammation that affects horses
• loco disease🔊nounneurological disorder in cattle, sheep, and horses from ingesting toxic plants, causing incoordination and tremors
• laminitis🔊nounan inflammatory condition affecting a horse's hooves, specifically the laminae, causing pain, lameness, and potential hoof structural changes
• heaves🔊nouna chronic respiratory condition in horses due to prolonged exposure to dust, causing coughing and increased respiratory effort
• glanders🔊nouncontagious bacterial infection in horses caused by Burkholderia mallei, with symptoms like nasal discharge and respiratory distress
• furunculosis🔊nouna bacterial infection in fish causing painful ulcers, often by Aeromonas salmonicida
• anaplasmosis🔊nountick-borne bacterial disease in cattle causing anemia, jaundice, and decreased milk production
• fowl pest🔊nounhighly contagious poultry virus causing respiratory and neurological symptoms with high mortality
• foot-and-mouth disease🔊nouna contagious viral disease in cloven-hoofed animals, causing fever, mouth, and foot blisters, leading to economic losses
• mad cow disease🔊nouna fatal neurological disease that affects cattle and can occasionally be transmitted to humans as well

Describing Mental Illnesses13 words

• sociopathic🔊adjectiverelating to or exhibiting extreme antisocial attitudes and behaviors that are perceived as signs of a personality disorder
• psychosomatic🔊adjective(of a physical illness) caused or aggravated by mental factors, such as stress and anxiety
• psychopathic🔊adjectivelacking morality, shame, or consideration toward others
• non compos mentis🔊adjectivenot sane or unable to think clearly
• manic-depressive🔊adjectiverelating to or suffering from bipolar disorder
• maladjusted🔊adjectiveemotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life
• unbalanced🔊adjectiveemotional or psychological instability, including disruptions in mood, thought processes, or behavior
• shell-shocked🔊nouna condition characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and distress, typically resulting from experiencing a traumatic event
• melancholic🔊adjectivecharacterized by a deep, lingering sadness or sorrow
• deranged🔊adjectiveincapable of behaving normally or thinking clearly due to mental illness
• depressed🔊adjectivefeeling very unhappy and having no hope
• demented🔊adjectiveassociated with severe cognitive decline, leading to memory loss, confusion, etc.
• bipolar🔊adjectiveexperiencing or relating to alternating periods of high and low moods, known as mania and depression

Describing Health and Sickness32 words

• autoimmune🔊adjectiverelating to a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, or organs
• communicable🔊adjectiverelated to diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect means
• chronic🔊adjective(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting
• catching🔊adjective(of disease or illness) likely to be transmitted from one person to another
• autistic🔊adjectivehaving autism spectrum disorder, a developmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior
• asymptomatic🔊adjective(of a disease) not showing any symptoms associated with it
• congenital🔊adjectivehaving a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary
• contagious🔊adjective(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact
• degenerative🔊adjectivecharacterized by the gradual deterioration or decline of a particular organ, system, or function in the body
• febrile🔊adjectivehaving the symptoms of a fever, such as high temperature, sweating, shivering, etc.
• fulminant🔊adjective(of an illness) developing suddenly and progresses rapidly, often with severe and intense symptoms
• incurable🔊adjective(of a disease or a sick person) impossible to cure or unresponsive to treatment
• inflammatory🔊adjectivecausing or involving swelling and irritation of body tissues
• mentally🔊adverbregarding one's mind, mental capacities, or aspects of mental well-being
• morbid🔊adjective(of pathology) related to a diseased state or an abnormal condition, especially one that is severe or harmful
• pathological🔊adjectiverelating to or caused by an illness or disease
• psychosomatic🔊adjective(of a physical illness) caused or aggravated by mental factors, such as stress and anxiety
• rheumatic🔊adjectiverelated to conditions causing inflammation and pain in joints, muscles, or connective tissues
• tubercular🔊adjectiverelating to or suffering from tuberculosis, a severe and contagious infection that mainly affects one's lungs
• asthmatic🔊adjectiverelated to a condition or sound characterized by audible wheezing or whistling during breathing, typically caused by narrowed airways
• diseased🔊adjectiveaffected by a disease
• emaciated🔊adjectiveextremely thin and weak, often because of illness or a severe lack of food
• life-limiting🔊adjectiverelating to an incurable chronic illness or a medical condition that will eventually lead to patient's death
• malarial🔊adjectiverelated to or infected by malaria, a chronic disease that is caused by the bite of specific types of mosquito
• notifiable🔊adjective(of a disease or a crime) so chronic or serious that requires official notification and must be reported to the appropriate authorities
• peaky🔊adjectivelooking pale or sickly
• celiac🔊adjectiveaffected by or belonging to celiac disease, a serious autoimmune disease and a digestive disorder that is triggered by eating foods that contain gluten
• undernourished🔊adjectivenot adequately fed or nourished therefore in bad health
• seasick🔊adjectivefeeling sick or nauseous due to the motion of the ship or boat one is traveling with
• splitting🔊adjective(of a headache) severe or massive
• hereditary🔊adjective(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents
• pinched🔊adjectiveextremely emaciated, particularly due to illness, lack of food, or exposure to cold

Describing Pain and Injury25 words

• achy🔊adjectiveexperiencing a consistent yet dull physical pain in a part of one's body
• agonizing🔊adjectivecausing a lot of difficulty, pain, distress, or discomfort
• crippling🔊adjectivecausing severe damage or limitation, often making it difficult to function normally
• excruciating🔊adjectivecausing extreme pain or discomfort
• itchy🔊adjectivecausing an annoying feeling on the skin that makes a person want to scratch it
• painfully🔊adverbin a way that causes physical or emotional pain
• raging🔊adjectiveextremely intense and severe
• sharp🔊adjective(of a person's style or clothes) dressy and fashionable, often conveying a sense of sophistication and elegance.
• agoraphobic🔊adjectivecharacterized by an intense fear of situations or places that might cause feelings of panic or helplessness
• arthritic🔊adjectivepertaining to a medical condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the joints
• brain-dead🔊adjectiveacting extremely unintelligent, foolish, or incapable of thinking clearly
• concussed🔊adjectivetemporarily dizzy or unconscious after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head
• dyslexic🔊adjectivehaving a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read, write, and spell
• epileptic🔊adjectiveassociated with a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
• frostbitten🔊adjectiveaffected by a condition where skin and underlying tissues freeze due to exposure to extremely cold temperatures
• incontinent🔊adjectivelacking control over bowel or bladder functions, often resulting in involuntary leakage
• leprous🔊adjectiveaffected by a chronic infectious disease causing skin lesions and nerve damage
• malnourished🔊adjectiveaffected by a lack of proper nutrition, resulting in inadequate nourishment for overall well-being
• rheumatic🔊adjectiverelated to conditions causing inflammation and pain in joints, muscles, or connective tissues
• sclerotic🔊adjectivecharacterized by a condition involving abnormal hardening or thickening of tissues
• ulcerated🔊adjectivehaving open sores or wounds, often causing discomfort or pain
• vertiginous🔊adjectivehaving a sensation of dizziness or a feeling of spinning, often associated with balance or inner ear issues
• banged up🔊adjectiveharmed or injured
• burnt🔊adjectivedamaged by or injured with extreme heat due to having contact with heated objects or exposure to harmful chemicals
• bruising🔊adjectivecausing physical or mental harm or injury

General Nouns Related to Health and Sickness33 words

• illness🔊nounthe state of being physically or mentally sick
• disease🔊nounan illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health
• epidemic🔊nounthe rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time
• contagion🔊nounany disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another
• affliction🔊nouna state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition
• burnout🔊nouna state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by stress, overwork, or a lack of balance between work and personal life
• indisposition🔊nouna mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities
• infirmity🔊nounthe state of being weak and unhealthy, especially due to old age or sickness
• insanity🔊nouna state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner
• insufficiency🔊nouna bodily system or organ's failure to function in an effective or typical manner
• malaise🔊nouna feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason
• mental illness🔊nounconditions affecting how a person thinks, feels, behaves, or their mood, often needing medical or therapeutic help
• lump🔊nouna swollen area under the skin, usually caused by a sickness or injury
• injury🔊nounany physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack
• community spread🔊nounthe outbreak of a contagious illness among the people of a particular region where the source of the infection is not easily traceable
• dehydration🔊nouna harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water
• exacerbation🔊nounthe act of aggravating a disease, pain, illness, etc.
• malady🔊nounany physical problem that might put one's health in danger
• nausea🔊nounthe feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit
• pallor🔊nounthe condition of having an unhealthy pale appearance as a result of illness, emotional distress, etc.
• pathogen🔊nounany organism that can cause diseases
• patient zero🔊nounthe first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak
• emaciation🔊nouna state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.
• agony🔊nounsevere physical or mental pain
• coma🔊nouna state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness
• superspreader🔊nounsomeone who spreads a contagious disease to a very large number of people
• unconsciousness🔊nounthe state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings
• undernourishment🔊nouna condition in which individuals do not receive enough nutrients and calories, leading to various health problems such as stunted growth
• relapse🔊noun‌the return of symptoms or a condition after a period of improvement or recovery
• shake🔊nouna reflexive movement of the body or part of it caused by cold, fear, or excitement
• sneeze🔊nounthe act of blowing air out of your nose and mouth in a forceful way
• cyst🔊nouna growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid
• debility🔊nounphysical weakness that is caused by a disease or aging

General Verbs Related to Injury17 words

• bleed🔊verbto lose blood from an injury or wound
• wound🔊verbto cause physical harm or injury to someone
• bruise🔊verbto make injuries, particularly ones caused by a blow, appear on the skin and cause discoloration
• crick🔊verbto cause a sudden painful stiffness or spasm in a muscle, typically occurring due to an awkward movement or prolonged position
• cripple🔊verbto inflict severe damage to someone's body so that they are unable to walk or move properly
• debilitate🔊verbto make someone or something weaker or less effective
• dislocate🔊verbto suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position
• maim🔊verbto cause serious and often permanent injury to a person, typically by disabling a part of their body
• mangle🔊verbto severely damage or destroy something
• mutilate🔊verbto cause severe damage or harm
• trample🔊verbto step heavily or crush underfoot with force
• wrench🔊verbto twist a body part suddenly and cause a sprain
• concuss🔊verbto forcefully smack someone on the head and make them temporarily unconscious or confused
• scab🔊verbto form a scab, a crust of dry blood that forms over a wound as it recovers
• scar🔊verbto leave a mark on the skin after the injured tissue has healed
• sprain🔊verb(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain
• paralyze🔊verbto cause a person, animal, or part of the body to lose the ability to move or function, usually due to injury or illness

General Verbs Related to Health and Sickness12 words

• injure🔊verbto physically cause harm to a person or thing
• metastasize🔊verbto spread or transfer cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body, leading to the formation of new tumors
• vomit🔊verbto eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth
• aggravate🔊verbto make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious
• cough🔊verbto push air out of our mouth with a sudden noise
• ail🔊verbto make someone physically sick or to cause mental trouble
• to [be] sick🔊phraseto throw up the contents of the stomach, often due to illness or nausea
• complain of🔊verbto state that one feels ill or one's body part is in pain
• lay up🔊verb(of an illness or injury) to confine someone to bed
• relapse🔊verbto become sick again after an improvement in one's health
• sneeze🔊verbto blow air out of our nose and mouth in a sudden way
• faint🔊verbto suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.

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