Autoimmune Diseases, Disability, Physical Healthcare and Recovery and 3 More Topics · Health & Medicine — English Vocabulary

an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid, resulting in various symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat

"Graves' causes hyperthyroidism."

"Graves disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones causing hyperthyroidism."

a skin condition characterized by itchy, flat-topped, and purplish skin lesions that can affect various parts of the body

"Lichen planus causes itchy purple bumps."

"Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin mouth nails and hair causing an itchy rash."

a rare disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones

"Addison's causes adrenal insufficiency."

"Addison's disease is a rare disorder of the adrenal glands that leads to insufficient production of certain hormones."

an autoimmune disorder causing dryness of the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes, along with other symptoms like joint pain and fatigue

"Sjogren's causes dry eyes and mouth."

"Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that causes dry eyes and dry mouth and often accompanies other immune disorders."

a rare blood disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells

"Aplastic anemia stops blood cell production."

"Aplastic anemia is a condition where the body stops producing enough new blood cells leading to fatigue and higher infection risk."

a type of anaemia caused by the inability of the stomach to absorb enough vitamin B12

"Pernicious anemia lacks vitamin B12."

"Pernicious anemia is a decrease in red blood cells caused by the inability to absorb enough vitamin B twelve from food."

an infectious illness caused by the bite of a tick infected with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi

"Ticks spread Lyme disease."

"Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted by the bite of an infected black legged tick causing a characteristic bullseye rash."

a health condition where small clumps of cells can form in different parts of the body, causing problems in organs like the lungs and lymph nodes

"Sarcoidosis causes inflammatory lumps."

"Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that causes tiny clumps of inflammatory cells to grow in different organs of the body."

a chronic progressive disease that primarily affects the central nervous system and is capable of causing problems with vision, balance, and speech

"Multiple sclerosis affects the brain."

"Multiple sclerosis is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord where the immune system attacks the protective sheath covering nerves."

a disorder of the inner ear that can cause episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear

"Meniere's causes vertigo and hearing loss."

"Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe vertigo ringing in the ears and hearing loss."

an illness that mainly affects children and causes fever, redness and swelling of the hands and feet, rash, and sometimes damage to the heart's blood vessels

"Kawasaki inflames blood vessels."

"Kawasaki disease is an illness that causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels and mainly affects children."

a rare condition where the body's immune system attacks its nerves, leading to weakness and tingling

"Guillain-Barre attacks peripheral nerves."

"Guillain Barre syndrome is a rare disorder where the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nerves causing weakness and tingling."

an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism

"She has Hashimoto's disease."

"Diagnosing Hashimoto's disease early is crucial for managing its effects on thyroid function and overall health."

a long-term autoimmune disorder that can damage one's small intestine and is triggered when one eats gluten

"Celiac reacts to gluten."

"Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten a protein found in wheat barley and rye that damages the small intestine."

an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints

"Rheumatoid arthritis causes pain."

"Early intervention and consistent treatment are vital for managing the debilitating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis."

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

"He suffers from blindness."

"Color blindness is quite common in men."

a rare neurological condition in which a person is unable to move or speak, but retains full awareness and mental alertness

"Locked-in syndrome leaves the mind fully aware."

"Locked in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except the eyes."

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

"He has complete deafness."

"He has complete deafness and learned sign language from a very young age to communicate with others."

a complex developmental disorder stigmatized by persistent challenges with social communication and interaction or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior

"Autism spectrum disorder is complex."

"Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain that affects social communication and behavior."

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

"Her disability does not limit her ambition."

"The company installed wheelchair ramps and accessible bathrooms to accommodate employees with physical disabilities and comply with the new regulations."

surgical removal of a limb or a part of it

"Leg amputation performed."

"The doctor had to perform leg amputation after the serious accident last month."

a congenital condition where the neural tube, which forms the spinal cord and backbone, does not close properly during fetal development

"Spina bifida is a neural tube defect."

"Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spine and spinal cord do not form properly leaving a gap in the spine."

a neurological disorder affecting movement and coordination due to brain damage during pregnancy, childbirth, or early childhood

"Cerebral palsy affects movement and coordination."

"Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone caused by damage to the developing brain."

a central nervous system disorder that causes sudden, unprovoked, and recurrent seizures

"Epilepsy causes recurrent seizures."

"Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior."

meaningless repetition or echoing of vocalizations made by another person, as a result of mental disorder

"Echolalia repeats sounds."

"Echolalia is the repetition of words or phrases spoken by another person often seen in children with autism spectrum disorder."

a condition where an individual lacks the ability to visualize or mentally create images in their mind's eye

"Aphantasia prevents mental visualization."

"Aphantasia is the inability to voluntarily create mental images in the mind's eye."

a specific neurobiological disorder marked by difficulty reading and spelling in individuals with otherwise unaffected intelligence

"Dyslexia makes reading difficult."

"Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words."

a genetic condition resulting in shorter stature than average, often caused by a variety of genetic and medical factors

"Dwarfism causes short stature."

"Dwarfism is a medical or genetic condition that causes a person to be significantly shorter than the average height."

unable to hear properly

"She is hard of hearing."

"My grandfather is hard of hearing and often asks people to speak up when they address him."

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

"He has hearing impairment."

"He has hearing impairment and uses special devices to help him communicate with other people effectively."

a disorder that affects the ability to comprehend or process information, particularly when not associated with physical disability

"A learning disability affects specific academic skills."

"A learning disability is a neurological condition that affects the brain's ability to receive process store and respond to information."

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

"She has paraplegia."

"The doctor explained that the spinal cord injury had resulted in paraplegia, affecting her mobility."

a condition in which someone is paralyzed from neck down

"Quadriplegia paralyzes all four limbs."

"Quadriplegia is paralysis of all four limbs and the torso caused by injury to the spinal cord in the neck."

the condition of being incapable of clearly seeing objects that are near to one

"He has longsightedness."

"With increasing age, many individuals develop longsightedness, making it difficult to read small print without glasses."

an indication or announcement that a situation is safe, free from danger, or no longer poses a threat

"The all-clear was given."

"After the all-clear was announced, people cautiously emerged from their shelters."

a medical treatment in which a person is required to stay in bed for a lengthy period to recover from an illness, injury, or medical procedure

"The doctor ordered bedrest."

"Following the surgery, the doctor prescribed complete bedrest for two weeks to ensure proper healing and prevent complications."

to provide treatment for or help a person or an animal that is sick or injured

"She will care for her parents."

"Nurses care for patients with compassion and dedication often working long hours under difficult conditions."

the process of trying to identify individuals who might have had close contact with an infected individual, particularly in order to treat or quarantine them

"Contact tracing is important."

"Public health officials are using contact tracing to identify and notify anyone who may have been exposed to the virus."

to gradually recover health and strength after being ill or undergoing treatment

"He convalesced after the surgery."

"The patient needed several weeks at home to convalesce after his major heart surgery."

to clean something carefully and thoroughly to prevent the spread of infection and germs

"Deep-clean the whole house."

"We need to deep-clean the entire kitchen to remove all the accumulated grease and grime."

the process of cleaning all parts of something thoroughly and with extreme care in order to prevent the spread of infection

"The hospital needs deep-cleaning."

"The hospital implemented a strict schedule of deep-cleaning in all patient areas to minimize the risk of hospital-acquired infections."

a situation where enough people in a community are immune to a disease, making it less likely to spread

"We need herd immunity."

"Achieving herd immunity through widespread vaccination is crucial to protect the entire population from infectious diseases."

permission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks

"Patients must provide informed consent before surgery"

"Patients must sign an informed consent form before surgery acknowledging the risks involved."

the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

"Vaccination is inoculation."

"Inoculation protects against infectious diseases."

to boost the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

"They will inoculate the baby."

"The veterinarian will inoculate the puppies to protect them from common and potentially fatal canine diseases."

(of an illness or disease) capable of being successfully healed through medical treatment or therapy

"The illness is curable."

"Fortunately, the early stage of the cancer was deemed curable with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy."

a period of time spent for gradual recovery of health and strength after an illness, injury, or a medical operation

"He needed weeks of convalescence after surgery"

"Her convalescence required complete rest and proper nutrition."

promoting one's health and strength after a period of injury or illness

"He needs recuperative time."

"The spa offers a recuperative retreat designed to help guests recover their energy and well-being after stressful periods."

the gradual recovery through rest after sickness or injury

"Recuperation takes time."

"Full recuperation after surgery may take several weeks."

a medical test that uses special X-ray technology to create detailed pictures of the inside of a person's body

"He had computed tomography."

"The doctor ordered a computed tomography scan to get a clearer view of the internal injuries sustained in the accident."

relating to or exhibiting extreme antisocial attitudes and behaviors that are perceived as signs of a personality disorder

"He has sociopathic tendencies."

"He has sociopathic tendencies and feels no empathy or remorse for the people he hurts."

(of a physical illness) caused or aggravated by mental factors, such as stress and anxiety

"Her pain is psychosomatic."

"Her pain is psychosomatic which means it is caused by stress rather than a physical injury or illness."

lacking morality, shame, or consideration toward others

"The killer is psychopathic."

"The killer is psychopathic and enjoys causing pain and suffering to his victims."

not sane or unable to think clearly

"The patient is non compos mentis."

"The patient is non compos mentis and cannot make legal decisions for himself."

relating to or suffering from bipolar disorder

"He is manic-depressive."

"He is manic depressive and experiences extreme mood swings from very high to very low."

emotionally unstable and unable to cope with the requirements of a healthy social life

"The child is maladjusted."

"The child is maladjusted and has difficulty making friends and following rules at school."

emotional or psychological instability, including disruptions in mood, thought processes, or behavior

"His mind is unbalanced."

"His behavior became increasingly unbalanced after the traumatic event he experienced."

a condition characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and distress, typically resulting from experiencing a traumatic event

"The veteran remains shell-shocked years later."

"The veteran returned from war completely shell shocked unable to function normally in everyday civilian life."

characterized by a deep, lingering sadness or sorrow

"The music is melancholic."

"The music is melancholic and makes me feel sad and reflective about the past."

incapable of behaving normally or thinking clearly due to mental illness

"The person seemed deranged."

"The deranged killer left a note at the crime scene and the police psychologist analyzed it to understand his twisted mind."

feeling very unhappy and having no hope

"She feels depressed."

"She feels depressed and has lost interest in activities she used to enjoy."

associated with severe cognitive decline, leading to memory loss, confusion, etc.

"The old man is demented."

"The old man is demented and often forgets his own children names and faces."

experiencing or relating to alternating periods of high and low moods, known as mania and depression

"She is bipolar."

"She is bipolar and experiences extreme mood swings from manic highs to depressive lows."

to lose blood from an injury or wound

"His wound bleeds for several minutes."

"The cut on his finger continued to bleed for several minutes before the bleeding finally stopped."

to cause physical harm or injury to someone

"The bullet wounds the soldier badly."

"The hunter's bullet wounded the deer but did not kill it immediately and the animal ran away into the forest."

to make injuries, particularly ones caused by a blow, appear on the skin and cause discoloration

"The fall bruised his knee badly."

"Her skin is so sensitive that even a light bump can bruise easily and leave a visible mark."

to cause a sudden painful stiffness or spasm in a muscle, typically occurring due to an awkward movement or prolonged position

"I crick my neck."

"He managed to crick his back while lifting a heavy box."

to inflict severe damage to someone's body so that they are unable to walk or move properly

"The accident will cripple him."

"The severe leg injury threatened to cripple the athlete for life."

to make someone or something weaker or less effective

"The illness debilitated him for weeks."

"The chronic pain has debilitated him to the point where he can no longer work or even walk without assistance."

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

"He dislocated his shoulder during the game."

"The hard fall caused him to dislocate his shoulder and he had to go to the emergency room."

to cause serious and often permanent injury to a person, typically by disabling a part of their body

"The explosion will maim."

"The explosion was so powerful it threatened to maim anyone caught in its blast radius."

to severely damage or destroy something

"The accident mangled his hand badly."

"The car accident mangled the front of the vehicle beyond recognition and it had to be towed away."

to cause severe damage or harm

"The attacker mutilated the victim's face."

"The vandals used a knife to mutilate the valuable painting hanging in the museum gallery."

to step heavily or crush underfoot with force

"Do not trample the flower garden."

"Please do not trample the beautiful flowers in the garden because they took months to grow and bloom nicely."

to twist a body part suddenly and cause a sprain

"He wrenched his back lifting boxes."

"He managed to wrench his back while trying to lift the heavy box without using proper technique."

to forcefully smack someone on the head and make them temporarily unconscious or confused

"The blow will concuss."

"The boxer was hit hard enough to concuss him for several seconds."

to form a scab, a crust of dry blood that forms over a wound as it recovers

"The wound began to scab over."

"The deep cut on his knee began to scab over after a few days and slowly started to heal."

to leave a mark on the skin after the injured tissue has healed

"The accident scarred his face permanently."

"The terrible burn on his arm will likely scar permanently and never fully disappear."

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

"She sprained her ankle while running."

"The athlete was forced to leave the game after he managed to sprain his ankle while landing awkwardly from a jump."

to cause a person, animal, or part of the body to lose the ability to move or function, usually due to injury or illness

"The accident paralyzed him from the waist down."

"The rare disease threatened to paralyze his legs and confine him to a wheelchair for the rest of his life."

to physically cause harm to a person or thing

"She injures her shoulder quite badly."

"The careless worker managed to injure his back while lifting a heavy box without using proper lifting techniques to protect his spine."

to spread or transfer cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body, leading to the formation of new tumors

"The cancer metastasized to other organs."

"The doctors were devastated to learn that the cancer had begun to metastasize to other organs."

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

"He vomited after eating bad food."

"The sick passenger began to vomit during the turbulent flight and the flight attendant brought him a bag."

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

"His rude comments aggravated the situation."

"His constant complaining only served to aggravate the tense situation between the two coworkers."

to push air out of our mouth with a sudden noise

"He coughs loudly during the night."

"The patient continued to cough for several weeks after recovering from the flu because his lungs were still irritated and inflamed."

to make someone physically sick or to cause mental trouble

"What ails the old man today?"

"The doctor asked the patient what exactly was ailing him because he looked very pale and weak."

to throw up the contents of the stomach, often due to illness or nausea

"I think I am going to be sick."

"She cannot come to work today because she is sick with a bad cold and fever."

to state that one feels ill or one's body part is in pain

"He complains of a severe headache today."

"Many patients complain of severe headaches and fatigue during the first few days of this new treatment."

(of an illness or injury) to confine someone to bed

"Lay up when you are sick."

"The knee injury will lay him up for at least six weeks and prevent him from playing sports."

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

"His cancer relapsed after treatment."

"The cancer patient was devastated when her doctors told her that the disease had relapsed after several months of successful treatment and remission."

to blow air out of our nose and mouth in a sudden way

"People sneeze into their elbow please."

"If you sneeze without covering your mouth you can spread germs to other people in the same room very quickly."

to suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.

"She faints from the intense summer heat."

"The bride nearly fainted at the altar because it was very hot and she had not eaten breakfast."