Gastrointestinal Diseases and Problems: English Vocabulary List

a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat, caused by overgrowth of the Candida fungus, resulting in white patches or sores on the mucous membranes

"Oral candidiasis creates white patches in the mouth."

"Oral candidiasis is a yeast infection in the mouth that causes white creamy patches on the tongue."

a chronic condition where stomach acid consistently backs up into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and other related discomforts

"He has gastro-oesophageal reflux disease."

"After years of persistent heartburn and difficulty swallowing, she was finally diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and started treatment."

a disorder that affects swallowing due to improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

"Achalasia makes swallowing difficult."

"Achalasia is a rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach."

a tear in the esophageal wall, resulting in severe chest pain and other complications

"Esophageal rupture is a medical emergency."

"Esophageal rupture is a medical emergency where the wall of the food pipe tears open completely."

a medical condition where the stomach's inner lining becomes inflamed, often resulting in symptoms like stomach discomfort, nausea, and a reduced appetite

"Gastritis inflames the stomach lining."

"Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause abdominal pain and nausea."

the formation of open sores in the stomach or duodenum due to stomach acid erosion, causing abdominal pain and other symptoms

"Peptic ulcer disease causes stomach pain."

"Peptic ulcer disease causes open sores to develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum."

immune system attack on the stomach lining, causing inflammation, impaired acid production, and related symptoms

"Autoimmune gastritis destroys stomach cells."

"Autoimmune gastritis occurs when the immune system attacks the cells of the stomach lining."

a severe medical condition in which one's appendix becomes inflamed and painful

"Appendicitis requires immediate surgery."

"Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix that requires emergency surgery to remove the organ."

an illness resulting from the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria

"Food poisoning causes vomiting and diarrhea."

"Food poisoning causes vomiting diarrhea and stomach cramps after eating contaminated food or drinks."

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

"Cholera outbreak happened."

"A dangerous cholera outbreak happened in the village after the flood contaminated the drinking water supply last month."

a severe intestinal infection causing diarrhea and abdominal cramps, caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica

"Amoebic dysentery causes severe bloody diarrhea."

"Amoebic dysentery is a severe form of diarrhea caused by parasites in contaminated food or water."

a chronic inflammatory bowel condition causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other symptoms with potential complications throughout the body

"Crohn's disease inflames the digestive tract."

"Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract."

a chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding

"Ulcerative colitis affects the colon lining."

"Ulcerative colitis causes long lasting inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the large intestine."

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

"The hernia creates a painful bulge."

"A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or tissue wall."

a medical condition characterized by the abnormal twisting of the gastrointestinal tract, causing bowel obstruction

"Volvulus is a twisted intestine."

"Volvulus is a serious condition where a loop of intestine twists around itself causing a dangerous blockage."

a blockage in the normal flow of the intestines, causing symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting

"Intestinal obstruction blocks the bowel."

"Intestinal obstruction is a blockage that prevents food or liquid from passing through the small or large intestine."

a condition where the digestive system fails to properly absorb nutrients from food

"Malabsorption prevents nutrient uptake."

"Malabsorption is a disorder that prevents the intestines from absorbing enough nutrients from digested food."

the inflammation of the pancreas, often causing abdominal pain and digestive complications

"Pancreatitis causes severe abdominal pain."

"Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that causes severe upper abdominal pain and digestive problems."

a severe bacterial infection in the bile ducts, causing fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain, requiring urgent medical attention

"Ascending cholangitis infects the bile duct."

"Ascending cholangitis is a serious infection of the bile duct system usually caused by bacterial growth."

the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

"Cholelithiasis means gallstones in the gallbladder."

"Cholelithiasis is the medical term for the presence of gallstones inside the gallbladder."

the blockage of material in the digestive tract, disrupting normal flow

"Fecal impaction blocks the colon."

"Impaction occurs when a mass of dry hard stool gets stuck in the rectum and cannot be pushed out."

a common bowel disorder that is characterized by diarrhea or constipation and is often tied to stress or worry

"She has irritable bowel syndrome."

"Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder that affects the large intestine and causes cramping and bloating."

an infection in one's intestines that causes severe diarrhea containing blood or mucus

"Dysentery causes bloody diarrhea with mucus."

"Dysentery is an intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea containing blood or mucus."

a severe or recurring pain localized in the upper abdomen and characterized by nausea, bloating, or vomiting

"Dyspepsia feels like indigestion."

"Dyspepsia is a general term for indigestion which causes discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen."

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

"Chronic constipation problem."

"She suffers from chronic constipation problem that requires dietary changes and medicine regularly."

a parasitic condition in which hookworms attach to the lining of the small intestine, causing abdominal pain, anemia, and fatigue

"Hookworm disease causes anemia and fatigue."

"Hookworm disease is caused by parasitic worms that live in the small intestine and feed on blood."

a medical condition marked by inflammation of the small intestine, often causing symptoms like abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and occasionally fever

"Enteritis inflames the small intestine."

"Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine that can cause diarrhea fever and abdominal pain."

the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, causing symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting due to infections

"Gastroenteritis is stomach and intestinal flu."

"Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines often called the stomach flu."

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

"The traveler got diarrhea from drinking the dirty water in the village."

"After eating the spoiled food, he suffered from diarrhea and had to stay home from work."

sudden, severe abdominal pain caused by temporary blockage of the bile ducts, often due to gallstones

"He has biliary colic."

"The patient experienced intense biliary colic after consuming a fatty meal, indicating a potential gallstone issue."