Infectious Diseases: English Vocabulary List

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

"Yellow fever vaccine."

"Yellow fever is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes."

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

"Tetanus causes painful muscle spasms."

"Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle stiffness and lockjaw often called lockjaw."

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

"Swine flu is a serious illness."

"The outbreak of swine flu quickly spread among the population, causing widespread concern."

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

"Smallpox has been eradicated worldwide."

"Smallpox was a deadly viral disease that has been completely eradicated worldwide by vaccination efforts."

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

"Scrapie affects sheep and goats."

"Scrapie is a fatal degenerative disease that affects the nervous system of sheep and goats."

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

"SARS caused a global outbreak in 2003."

"SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus that first emerged in Asia in two thousand three."

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

"SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19 disease."

"SARS CoV two is the highly contagious coronavirus that causes the disease known as COVID nineteen."

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

"Pneumonia makes breathing very difficult."

"Pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs"

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

"Pertussis is whooping cough."

"Pertussis also known as whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection."

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

"Meningitis inflames the brain and spinal cord membranes."

"Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually caused by an infection."

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

"Measles is contagious."

"Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be prevented with the MMR vaccine."

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

"Croup causes barking cough in children."

"Croup is a respiratory infection that causes a barking cough and breathing difficulties in young children."

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

"Covid-19 changed life"

"Covid nineteen spread rapidly across the world in early 2020 causing a global health crisis."

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

"The common cold is viral."

"The common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose and throat caused by many different viruses."

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

"Cholera outbreak happened."

"A dangerous cholera outbreak happened in the village after the flood contaminated the drinking water supply last month."

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

"Child had chickenpox disease."

"The child had chickenpox disease last month and had many itchy spots on his body for several days."

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

"Long Covid causes persistent symptoms."

"Long Covid refers to symptoms that continue for weeks or months after the initial coronavirus infection."

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

"Leprosy damages nerves and skin."

"Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin nerves and mucous membranes causing disfigurement."

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

"Rubella is German measles."

"Rubella also known as German measles is a contagious viral infection that causes a red rash and fever."

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

"Gastric flu causes stomach upset."

"Gastric flu is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines leading to vomiting and diarrhea."

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

"Paratyphoid fever is similar to typhoid."

"Paratyphoid fever is a bacterial infection that causes symptoms very similar to typhoid fever but usually milder."

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

"Ebola causes severe hemorrhagic fever."

"Ebola is a severe often fatal viral disease that causes fever and internal bleeding in humans."

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

"Tonsillitis inflames the tonsils."

"Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial infection causing sore throat."

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

"Mumps commonly causes swelling near the jaw"

"The mumps vaccine is part of the MMR shot, and the disease causes painful swelling of the salivary glands, giving patients a characteristic "hamster face" appearance."

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

"Diphtheria forms a thick throat coating."

"Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose."

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

"The influenza virus mutates rapidly each year."

"Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that can cause severe complications for elderly people."

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

"Avian flu spreads among birds."

"Avian flu is an influenza virus that primarily infects birds but can sometimes spread to humans."

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

"Giardiasis causes diarrhea from contaminated water."

"Giardiasis is a diarrheal illness caused by a microscopic parasite that lives in the intestines of infected animals or humans."

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

"Infectious mononucleosis makes you very tired."

"Infectious mononucleosis often called mono is a viral infection causing fever sore throat and swollen lymph glands."

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

"Malaria spreads through mosquito bites."

"Malaria is a life threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes."

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

"Toxic shock syndrome is a bacterial emergency."

"Toxic shock syndrome is a rare life threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections."

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

"Typhoid causes high fever and abdominal pain."

"Typhoid fever is a life threatening bacterial infection caused by contaminated food or water."

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

"Tuberculosis spreads mainly through airborne droplets"

"Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial lung infection."

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

"Bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes."

"Bubonic plague is a serious bacterial infection that causes swollen painful lymph nodes called buboes."

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

"Cytomegalovirus spreads through body fluids."

"Cytomegalovirus is a common herpes virus that usually causes mild symptoms but can be dangerous for newborns."

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

"The epstein-barr virus spreads through saliva."

"Many people carry the epstein-barr virus without ever showing any noticeable symptoms of illness."

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

"Legionnaires' disease is a severe pneumonia."

"Legionnaires disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by bacteria found in freshwater environments like lakes and streams."

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

"Leptospirosis spreads through animal urine."

"Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals and is spread through the urine of infected animals."

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

"Scarlet fever causes rash and fever."

"Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness that causes a distinctive bright red rash and occurs mainly in children."

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

"Scrofula infects neck lymph nodes."

"Scrofula is a form of tuberculosis that causes swollen lymph nodes usually in the neck area."

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

"Typhus spreads through lice or fleas."

"Typhus is a group of bacterial diseases caused by rickettsia bacteria and transmitted by lice fleas or mites."

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

"Weil's disease is severe leptospirosis."

"Weil's disease is a severe form of leptospirosis that causes jaundice kidney failure and bleeding."

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

"Yaws affects skin and bones."

"Yaws is a chronic skin infection that primarily affects children in tropical regions and is caused by a bacterium."

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

"Anthrax can infect skin or lungs."

"Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by spore forming bacteria that can affect the skin lungs or digestive system."

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

"Toxoplasmosis endangers pregnant women."

"Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite that can be dangerous for pregnant women and people with weak immune systems."

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

"Dengue causes severe joint pain."

"Dengue fever is a mosquito borne viral infection that causes severe flu like symptoms and intense joint pain."

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

"Rocky Mountain spotted fever causes rash."

"Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a bacterial disease transmitted by ticks that causes a distinctive rash and high fever."

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

"West Nile virus spreads by mosquitoes."

"West Nile virus is a mosquito borne illness that can cause fever headache and in severe cases neurological damage."